| 词条 | Role engulfment |
| 释义 |
In labeling theory, role engulfment refers to how a person's identity becomes based on a role the person assumes, superseding other roles.[1][2][3] A negative role such as "sick" can serve to constrict a person's self-image.[4] DevianceEdwin Schur, building on the work of Erik H. Erikson and Kai Erikson on "The Confirmation of the Delinquent"[5] brought the term "role engulfment" to the theoretical fore in relation to deviancy: '"Role engulfment" refers to the process whereby persons become caught up in the deviant role as a result of others relating to them largely in terms of their spoiled identity'.[6]Conversely, the deviant may themselves embrace the role. 'When a particular role becomes an integral part of a person's identity, almost to the exclusion of all other roles, role merger (or role engulfment) is said to occur. Such a role is often referred to as a "master role"'.[7] The term Role domination also refers to the process of how a particular role comes to dominate over other roles in a person's life.[8] Role abandonment refers to the disassociation of and detachment of other goals, priorities, and roles following role engulfment.[8]AthleticsRole engulfment can also occur in a more mainstream context. It has been explored for example with regard to college athletes. Having initially entered college with a "broad" agenda, many then 'experienced "role-engulfment"...the "greedy role" of athletics soon dominated their time, actions, and social circles'.[9] Alternately, athletes may have themselves narrowed their focus too early: 'one of the consequences of identity foreclosure or role engulfment was the inability to foresee and plan for future roles'.[10] MothersWhereas some '"good" mothers are able to demonstrate role commitment without role engulfment',[11] others may find the role of "devoted mother" becomes an all-embracing one. 'Role engulfment, by reducing the opportunities for contacts with friends and family, leaves the parent with fewer sources of positive self-evaluation outside of the family'.[12] Family therapy sees part of the father's role in early child-raising, faced with maternal engulfment, as 'to haul her back, to reclaim her, as it were, from the baby. So that the two of them can put their own relationship as a married couple first again'.[13] (It also notes a potentially wider need 'to see new meanings put into role names' in a family context).[14]ProfessionsJungians have highlighted the possibility of role engulfment by one's profession: 'every calling or profession has its own characteristic persona...the danger is that people become identical with their personas—the professor with his textbook, the tenor with his voice'.[15]The problem is particularly acute with what Alasdair Macintyre calls characters—'a very special type of social role which places a certain kind of moral constraint on the personality of those who inhabit them...masks worn by moral philosophies'.[16] Literary
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}} References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Pfuhl|first1=Erdwin H.|last2=Henry|first2=Stuart|title=The deviance process|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PITj-q0MApsC|accessdate=11 January 2011|date=1993-12-31|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-0-202-30470-0|pages=168–169}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Farrell|first1=Ronald A.|last2=Swigert|first2=Victoria Lynn|title=Social deviance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Sk4AAAAMAAJ|accessdate=11 January 2011|year=1978|publisher=Lippincott|isbn=978-0-397-47385-4|page=143}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Schur|first=Edwin M.|title=Labeling deviant behavior: its sociological implications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghJFNpMj2D8C|accessdate=11 January 2011|year=1971|publisher=Harper & Row|page=79}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Sandell|first=Richard|title=Museums, society, inequality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCJpvFB_zw8C|accessdate=11 January 2011|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-26059-6|pages=79–80}} 5. ^Erik H. Erikson, Childhood and Society (Penguin 1973) p. 299 6. ^E. H. Pfuhl/S. Henry, The Deviance Process (1993) p. 168 7. ^Richard C. Stephens, The Street Addict Role (1991) p. 36 8. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Adler|first1=Patricia A.|last2=Adler|first2=Peter|title=Backboards and Blackboards: College Athletes and Role Engulfment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9PcouQN0yoYC&pg=PA27|accessdate=12 January 2011|date=1991-09-15|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-07307-3|page=27}} 9. ^R. Giulianotti, Sport (2005) p. 17 10. ^Sparkes, The Sport Psychologist Vol 17 (2003) 11. ^Christina Hughes, Women's Contemporary Lives (2002) p. 70 12. ^B. J. Kramer/E. H. Thompson, Men as Caregivers (2002) p. 285 13. ^R. Skynner/J. Cleese, Families and how to survive them (1994) p. 189 14. ^Virginia Satir, Peoplemaking (1983) p. 281 15. ^C. G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (London 1983) p. 416 16. ^Alasdair Macintyre, After Virtue (London 1981) p. 27-8 17. ^Tony Tanner, "Introduction" Pride and Prejudice (Penguin 1975) p. 27-8 18. ^Judith McCombs, Essays on Margaret Attwood (1986) p. 73 and p. 86 External links
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