| 词条 | Mariehamn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Mariehamn |official_name = {{lang|sv|Mariehamns stad}} |other_name = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |nickname = |settlement_type = Town |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Mariehamn.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = View of Mariehamn |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = Maarianhamina.vaakuna.svg |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Maarianhamina.sijainti.suomi.2008.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Mariehamn in Finland |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Finland Åland Islands#Finland |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Åland |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |province = {{flag|Åland}} |region = Åland |subregion = Mariehamn |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Barbara Heinonen |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Charter |established_date = 1861 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |extinct_title = |extinct_date = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_note = |finnish_official = |swedish_official = 1 |sami_official = |urbanisation = |unemployment = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |coordinates_type = |coordinates = {{coord|60|06|N|019|56|E|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |postal_code = |website = www.mariehamn.ax |footnotes = }}Mariehamn ({{lang-fi|Maarianhamina}}) is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finnish sovereignty. Mariehamn is the seat of the Government and Parliament of Åland, and 40% of the population of Åland live in the city. Like all of Åland, Mariehamn is unilingually Swedish-speaking and around {{Formatnum:{{pct|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/native language Swedish|Mariehamn}}|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/native language total|Mariehamn}}|0}}}} of the inhabitants speak it as their native language. HistoryThe town was named after the Russian empress Maria Alexandrovna. Mariehamn was founded in 1861, around the village of Övernäs, in what was at the time part of the municipality of Jomala. The city has since expanded and incorporated more of Jomala territory. Mariehamn was built according to a very regular scheme which is well-preserved. One of the oldest streets is Södragatan where many wooden houses dating from the 19th century can be seen. TransportationHarboursThe city is located on a peninsula. It has two important harbours, one located on the western shore and one on the eastern shore, which are ice-free for nearly the whole year, and have no tides.[1] The Western Harbour is an important international harbour with daily traffic to Sweden, Estonia and mainland Finland. A powerful incentive for Baltic ferries to stop at Mariehamn is that, with respect to indirect taxation, Åland is not part of the EU customs zone and so duty-free goods can be sold aboard. Åland and Mariehamn have a reputable heritage in shipping. The Flying P-Liner Pommern museum ship is anchored in the Western Harbour. The Eastern Harbour features one of the largest marinas in Scandinavia. The famous Dutch steamer Jan Nieveen (now called F.P. von Knorring, after Åland teacher and vicar Frans Peter von Knorring) can also be found here. AirportMariehamn airport serves the city; it has scheduled flights on two airlines including Finnair. CultureThe city is an important centre for Åland media; both of the local newspapers (Ålandstidningen and Nya Åland), several radio stations and the local TV channels (TV Åland and Åland24) operate out of the city. The islanders are traditionally fond of reading, and had public libraries before 1920. A printing works was established in the town in 1891.[1] The municipal library, which was built in 1989, is one of the most interesting modern buildings. ArchitectureMariehamn features several buildings drawn by Finnish architect Lars Sonck, who moved to Åland as a child. Buildings drawn by him include the church of Mariehamn (1927), the main building of the Åland Maritime College (1927) and the town hall (1939). Hilda Hongell also designed several buildings, although only a few are still standing. DemographicsA chart on population increase.
GeographyClimateMariehamn has a transitional climate between humid continental climate with certain maritime influence as a result of the strong maritime moderation from being an island in the Baltic Sea. This renders summers to be cooler than both the Swedish and Finnish mainlands, with winters being similar in cold to the adjacent coastal part of Sweden but milder than Finland's mainland. {{Weather box|location = Mariehamn normals 1981-2010 |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 10.9 |Feb record high C = 10.5 |Mar record high C = 15.4 |Apr record high C = 21.1 |May record high C = 26.7 |Jun record high C = 29.4 |Jul record high C = 29.9 |Aug record high C = 30.7 |Sep record high C = 24.8 |Oct record high C = 19.0 |Nov record high C = 14.1 |Dec record high C = 10.1 |year record high C = 30.7 |Jan high C = 0.3 |Feb high C = -0.3 |Mar high C = 2.3 |Apr high C = 7.4 |May high C = 13.3 |Jun high C = 17.2 |Jul high C = 20.4 |Aug high C = 19.4 |Sep high C = 14.7 |Oct high C = 9.5 |Nov high C = 4.6 |Dec high C = 1.7 |year high C = 9.3 |Jan mean C = -2.5 |Feb mean C = -3.5 |Mar mean C = -0.9 |Apr mean C = 3.5 |May mean C = 8.5 |Jun mean C = 12.8 |Jul mean C = 16.2 |Aug mean C = 15.3 |Sep mean C = 10.9 |Oct mean C = 6.5 |Nov mean C = 2.2 |Dec mean C = -1.0 |year mean C = 5.7 |Jan low C = -5.3 |Feb low C = -6.6 |Mar low C = -4.1 |Apr low C = -0.5 |May low C = 3.7 |Jun low C = 8.2 |Jul low C = 11.8 |Aug low C = 11.1 |Sep low C = 7.1 |Oct low C = 3.5 |Nov low C = -0.2 |Dec low C = -3.7 |year low C = 2.1 |Jan record low C = -32.3 |Feb record low C = -32.9 |Mar record low C = -25.0 |Apr record low C = -18.9 |May record low C = -6.5 |Jun record low C = -2.2 |Jul record low C = 1.2 |Aug record low C = 0.5 |Sep record low C = -6.7 |Oct record low C = -11.8 |Nov record low C = -20.0 |Dec record low C = -28.9 |year record low C = -32.9 |Jan precipitation mm = 49.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 31.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 33.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 28.6 |May precipitation mm = 33.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 52.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 55.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 75.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 68.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 66.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 56.5 |year precipitation mm = 610.5 |source 1 = Météo Climat[4] |source 2 = Météo Climat[5] |date=March 2017}} Twin towns and sister cities{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland}}Mariehamn is twinned with:[6]
Notable person
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Prothero | first=G.W.| authorlink = George Walter Prothero | title=The Åland Islands | date=1920 | publisher=Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section | page=5 | url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9147/view/1/17/}} 2. ^http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_032.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4 3. ^http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_029.px/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4 4. ^{{cite web| url =http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p66.php| title=Finland climate averages 1981-2010| publisher =Météo Climat}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=879| title=Extreme values for Jomala Maarianahaminan Lentoansema| publisher = Météo Climat| date= March 19, 2017}} 6. ^Mariehamns stads vänorter. Accessed July 14, 2015 External links{{commons category|Mariehamn}}
8 : Mariehamn|Cities and towns in Finland|Populated coastal places in Finland|Municipalities of the Åland Islands|Grand Duchy of Finland|Populated places established in 1861|Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea|1861 establishments in Finland |
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