“Marie-Pierre Kœnig”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Marie-Pierre Kœnig ({{IPA-fr|maʁi pjɛʁ køniɡ}}; 10 October 1898 – 2 September 1970) was a French army officer and politician. He commanded a Free French Brigade at the Battle of Bir Hakeim in North Africa in 1942.

Early life

Marie-Pierre Kœnig was born on 10 October 1898, in Caen, Calvados, France. His parents were from the Alsace region.

Military career

World War I

Kœnig fought in the French Army during World War I and served with distinction. He obtained his baccalaureate and enlisted in 1917. He served in the 36th Infantry Regiment ({{lang-fr|36^e Régiment d'Infanterie}}. He was designated as an aspirant in February 1918 and joined his unit at the front. Decorated with the Medaille militarie, he was promoted to lieutenant on September 3, 1918.

Between 1918 and 1940

After the war, he served with French forces in Morocco and Cameroon. He served in Silesia as assistant ({{lang-fr|adjoint}}) of captain {{ill|Adrien Henry|fr}} in the Alpes, in Germany, then in Morocco, at the general staff headquarters of the division of Marrakesh.

World War II

He was a captain and assistant to lieutenant-colonel Raoul Magrin-Vernerey in the 13th Demi-Brigade of Foreign Legion of the French Foreign Legion.

When World War II broke out, Kœnig returned to France. In 1940, he was assigned as a captain with the French troops in Norway, for which he was later awarded the Krigskorset med Sverd or Norwegian War Cross with Sword, in 1942. After the fall of France, he escaped to England from Brittany.

In London, Kœnig joined General Charles de Gaulle and was promoted to colonel. He became chief of staff in the first divisions of the Free French Forces. In 1941, he served in the campaigns in Syria and Lebanon. He was later promoted to general and took command of the First French Brigade in Egypt. His unit of 3700 men held ground against five Axis divisions (c. 37,000 men) for 16 days at the Battle of Bir Hakeim until they were ordered to evacuate on 11 June 1942. General de Gaulle said to Kœnig: "Hear and tell your troops: the whole of France is watching you, you are our pride."{{#tag:ref|«Sachez et dites à vos troupes que toute la France vous regarde et que vous êtes son orgueil.»{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}}}

Later, Kœnig served as the Free French delegate to the Allied headquarters under General Dwight D. Eisenhower. In 1944, he was given command of the Free French who participated in the Invasion of Normandy. Kœnig also served as a military advisor to de Gaulle. In June 1944, he was given command of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) to unify various French Resistance groups under de Gaulle's control. Under his command, the FFI stopped range battle in the Maquis, preferring sabotage waged in support of the invasion army. Important in D-Day, the role of the FFI became decisive in the battle for Normandy and in the landing in Provence of the US Seventh Army and French Army B. On 21 August 1944, de Gaulle appointed Kœnig military governor of Paris to restore law and order. In 1945, he was sent to arrest Marshal Pétain, who had taken refuge in Germany, but who gave himself up at the frontier with Switzerland.^[1]

Cold War

After the war, Kœnig was commander of the French army in the French occupation zone of Germany from 1945 to 1949. In 1949, he became inspector general in North Africa and in 1950 vice-president of the Supreme War Council.

Political career

In 1951, after his retirement from the army, Kœnig was elected as Gaullist representative to the French National Assembly and briefly served as Minister of Defense under Pierre Mendès-France (1954) and Edgar Faure (1955).^[2]

He gave his strong support to the new State of Israel as president of the Franco-Israeli Committee (Comité franco-israélien), at around the same time when he was France's Defense Minister, as shown from his informing of his Israeli counterpart Shimon Peres that France was willing to sell Israel any weapons it wished to purchase, from small arms to tanks (such as the AMX-13 light tank).^[2] Kœnig had witnessed the heroism of a battalion of Palestinian Jewish mine layers during the Battle of Bir Hakeim and afterwards allowed them to fly their own Star-of-David flag, against British regulations.^[3]

Death

Marie-Pierre Kœnig died on 2 September 1970, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, and was buried at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris.^[2]

Honours and awards

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,797479,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|title=FRANCE: Toward Twilight|date=7 May 1945|work=TIME.com|accessdate=29 March 2016}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹²⁰²¹²²²³²⁴²⁵²⁶²⁷²⁸²⁹³⁰³¹³²³³³⁴³⁵³⁶³⁷³⁸³⁹⁴⁰⁴¹⁴²⁴³⁴⁴⁴⁵⁴⁶Pierre-Marie Koenig (sic), Order of the Liberation website. {{fr icon}} Accessed 28 March 2016.
3. ^Jerry Klinger (President of the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation). "General Marie-Pierre Koenig and the Jewish Brigade: The First Salute". The Jewish Magazine, October–November 2009
4. ^16 July 1946 Monitor Polski 1947 no. 27 pos. 188
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itraveljerusalem.com/city/jerusalem/hadar-mall/|title=iTravelJerusalem – Hadar Mall|work=iTravelJerusalem|accessdate=29 March 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.il/maps/place/Pierre+Koenig+St,+Netanya/@32.3079243,34.8437655,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x151d406b7b9a794f:0xb80099d6c2635341|title=מפות Google|work=מפות Google|accessdate=29 March 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/street/6742/Pierre-Koenig-st|title=Pierre Koenig st. – Haifa|publisher=|accessdate=29 March 2016}}

External links