| 词条 | Marilyn French |
| 释义 |
|name = Marilyn French |image = Marilyn French.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1929|11|21}} |birth_place = Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. |death_date={{death date and age|2009|05|02|1929|11|21}} |death_place=Manhattan, New York City, U.S. |nationality=American |alma_mater = Hofstra University, Harvard University |occupation = Author, professor, lecturer |spouse = }} Marilyn French (née Edwards) (November 21, 1929{{spaced ndash}}May 2, 2009) was a radical feminist American author. Early life and educationFrench was born in Brooklyn to E. Charles Edwards, an engineer, and Isabel Hazz Edwards, a department store clerk. In her youth, she was a young journalist, writing a neighborhood newsletter. She played the piano and dreamed of becoming a composer.[1] She received a bachelor's degree from Hofstra University (then Hofstra College) in 1951, in philosophy and English literature. Marilyn Edwards married Robert M. French Jr. in 1950 and supported him while he attended law school. The couple had two children.[1] French also received a master's degree in English from Hofstra, in 1964. She divorced Robert French in 1967 and then pursued a doctorate[1] at Harvard University, where she earned a Ph.D in 1972.[2] CareerTeachingShe was an English instructor at Hofstra, from 1964 to 1968, and was an assistant professor of English at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, from 1972 to 1976.[3] Political views and written worksFrench's first serious publication, The Book as World: James Joyce's Ulysses, was her Harvard thesis.[2] In her work, French asserted that women's oppression is an intrinsic part of the male-dominated global culture. For instance, one of her first non-fiction works, Beyond Power: On Women, Men and Morals (1985), is a historical examination of the effects of patriarchy on the world.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} French took issue with the expectations of married women in the post-World War II era and became a leading, if controversial, opinion maker on gender issues who decried the patriarchal society she saw around her. "My goal in life is to change the entire social and economic structure of Western civilization, to make it a feminist world," she once declared.[3] French's first and best-known novel, The Women's Room (1977), follows the lives of Mira and her friends in 1950s and 1960s America, including Val, a militant radical feminist. The novel portrays the details of the lives of women at this time and the feminist movement of this era in the United States. At one point in the book the character Val says, "all men are rapists, and that's all they are. They rape us with their eyes, their laws, and their codes."[2][4] The Women's Room sold more than 20 million copies and was translated into 20 languages.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Gloria Steinem, a close friend, compared the impact of the book on the discussion surrounding women's rights to the one that Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) had had on racial equality 25 years earlier.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Her most significant work in later life was From Eve to Dawn: A History of Women. It was published in a Dutch translation in 1995 (in one volume of 1312 pages),[5] but did not appear in English until 2002 and 2003 (published in three volumes by Mcarthur & Company), and then again in English in four volumes (published by The Feminist Press) in 2008. It is built around the premise that exclusion from the prevailing intellectual histories denied women their past, present and future. Despite carefully chronicling a long history of oppression, the last volume ends on an optimistic note, said Florence Howe, who recently retired as director of the publishing house. "For the first time women have history," she said of Ms. French's work. "The world changed and she helped change it."{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} While French was pleased by significant gains made by women in the three decades since her landmark novel, The Women's Room, she was also just as quick to point out lingering deficiencies in gender equality.[3] Personal life, health, and deathShe married Robert M. French Jr., in 1950. They had two children.[1] The couple divorced in 1967.[3] French was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 1992. This experience was the basis for her book A Season in Hell: A Memoir (1998). She survived cancer and later died from heart failure at age 79, on May 2, 2009, in Manhattan.[3] Selected works
In popular culture
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=In the Name of Friendship|last=French|first=Marilyn|publisher=The Feminist Press at the City University of New York|year=2005|isbn=978-1-55861-520-5|location=New York|pages=383}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mfrench.htm |title=Marilyn French |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327225226/http://kirjasto.sci.fi/mfrench.htm |archivedate=27 March 2009 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/arts/04french.html | work=The New York Times | first1=A. G. | last1=Sulzberger | first2=Herbert | last2=Mitgang | title=Marilyn French, Novelist and Champion of Feminism, Dies at 79 | date=May 4, 2009}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=French |first1=Marilyn |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |title=The Women's Room |year=1977 |isbn=0-345-35361-7 |at=Book 5. Chapter 19 |quote=" — [...] Whatever they may be in public life, whatever their relations with men, in their relations with women, all men are rapists, and that's all they are. They rape us with their eyes, their laws, and their codes."}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Een vrouwelijk geschiedenis van de wereld|language=Dutch|authors=French, Marilyn & Franken, Viviane e.a. (Translator)| location=Amsterdam|publisher= Meulenhoff|date= 1995}} 6. ^{{cite web|website=MetroLyrics.com|url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/the-day-before-you-came-lyrics-abba.html|title=The Day Before You Came Lyrics (from the Definitive Edition)|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}, and the video clip for the song vaguely reflects the strangers-meeting-on-a-train plot of The Bleeding Heart External links
20 : 1929 births|2009 deaths|20th-century American novelists|21st-century American novelists|20th-century American educators|American feminist writers|American women novelists|Cancer survivors|Disease-related deaths in New York (state)|Feminist studies scholars|Gender studies academics|Harvard University alumni|Hofstra University alumni|Hofstra University faculty|Writers from Brooklyn|Radical feminists|Writers from New York City|20th-century American women writers|21st-century American women writers|Novelists from New York (state) |
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