| 词条 | Ronald Lindsay |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = Sir Ronald Lindsay | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|KCMG|CVO}} | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-05479, Sir Ronald Lindsay.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Sir Ronald Lindsay in 1928. | order1 = Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs | term_start1 = 1928 | term_end1 = 1930 | monarch1 = | primeminister1 = | predecessor1 = Sir William Tyrrell | successor1 = Sir Robert Vansittart | ambassador_from2 = British | country2 = the United States | president2 = Herbert Hoover Franklin Roosevelt | term_start2 = 1930 | term_end2 = June 1939 | monarch2 = George V Edward VIII George VI | primeminister2 = Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain | predecessor2 = Sir Esme Howard | successor2 = The Marquess of Lothian | birth_date = 3 May 1877 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death-date and age|21 August 1945|3 May 1877}} | death_place = | nationality = British | party = | alma_mater = | spouse = (1) Martha Cameron (died 1918) (2) Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt }} Sir Ronald Charles Lindsay {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB|KCMG|CVO|PC}} (3 May 1877 – 21 August 1945) was a British civil servant and diplomat. He was Ambassador to Turkey from 1925 to 1926 and to Germany from 1926 to 1928, Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 1928 to 1930 and Ambassador to the United States from 1930 to 1939. Background and educationLindsay was the fifth son of James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, by Emily Florence Bootle-Wilbraham, daughter of Colonel the Honourable Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, second son of Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Baron Skelmersdale. David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford, was his elder brother.[1] He was educated at Winchester. CareerLindsay was appointed Third Secretary in the Diplomatic Service in January 1901,[2] and advanced to First Secretary in 1911.[3] From 1913 to 1919 he was Under-Secretary of Finance for Egypt,[1] and was made a Grand Officer of the Order of the Nile by the Sultan of Egypt in 1915.[4] From 1919 to 1920 he was Councillor of the Embassy in Washington D.C.,[5] before being posted as Minister Plenipotentiary to France in September 1920.[6] Following this, in 1921, he was appointed the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for the Foreign Office, a post he held until 1924. In 1925, he was appointed the Ambassador to Turkey[7] and was sworn of the Privy Council later that year.[8] In 1926, he moved to become Ambassador to Germany.[9] He returned to London in 1928 to become the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, the civil service head of the Foreign Office.[1] After two years as Permanent Secretary, Lindsay was named as the Ambassador to the United States in November 1929 and took up the position early the next year.[10][11] He was the first ambassador to move into the brand-new British embassy in 1930,[12] and remained in Washington for almost a decade, retiring in June 1939 to be replaced by Lord Lothian.[5] Lindsay served an extraordinarily long term of nine years as U.S. ambassador, also as the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps from July 1934 to August 1939,[13] his tenure being extended because of his effectiveness as a diplomat and the growing importance of American assistance during the years leading up to World War II.[14] His last major official act as ambassador was to host the 1939 Royal Garden Party for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth during the first-ever visit to the United States by a reigning British monarch.[15] Their visit was controversial, given the then strong “America First” isolationism prevalent in the country, and the Royal Garden Party at the British Embassy was considered the social event of the year in Washington.[16][17] Lindsay was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO) in 1908,[18] a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1922,[19] a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1924,[20] and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1926.[21] Personal lifeLindsay was married twice, both times to Americans; in 1909 to Martha Cameron, daughter of J. Donald Cameron and his wife Elizabeth Sherman Cameron; after her death in April 1918, he married Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, daughter of Colgate Hoyt, in 1924. Both wives were grandnieces of William Tecumseh Sherman. There were no children from either marriage.[1][5] Lindsay died in August 1945, aged 68. Lady Lindsay died in September 1954, aged 68.[22] References1. ^1 2 3 thepeerage.com Rt. Hon. Sir Ronald Charles Lindsay {{s-start}}{{s-dip}}{{succession box | before= Sir Horace Rumbold, Bt | title=British Ambassador to Turkey | years=1925-26 | after=Sir George Clerk }}{{succession box | before=The Lord D'Abernon| title=British Ambassador to Germany | years=1926-28 | after=Sir Horace Rumbold, Bt }}{{succession box | before=Sir Esme Howard | title=British Ambassador to the United States | years=1930-39 | after=The Marquess of Lothian }}{{s-gov}}{{succession box | before=Sir William Tyrrell | title=Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs | years=1928-30 | after=Sir Robert Vansittart }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lindsay, Ronald}}2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=27300 |date=29 March 1901 |page=2194}} 3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=28563 |date=19 December 1911 |page=9562 }} 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=29368 |date=16 November 1915 |page=11320 }} 5. ^1 2 "New Ambassador", in Time, 1 May 1939 6. ^{{London Gazette |issue=32081 |date=12 October 1920 |page=9886 }} 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33027 |date=6 March 1925 |page=1602 }} 8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33069 |date=24 July 1925 |page=4935 }} 9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33222 |date=19 November 1926 |page=7475 }} 10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33592 |date=28 March 1930 |page=1960 }} 11. ^"Ambassador Ronald", in Time, 25 November 1929 12. ^{{cite web|title=A History of the Gardens of the Ambassador's Residence, British Embassy, Washington|url= http://washingtonembassygardens.wordpress.com/2014/01/01/the-education-and-career-of-an-embassy-gardener/|work=Landscape of a Washington Place|accessdate=2014-01-07}} 13. ^{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Deans of the Diplomatic Corps | date= 2013-03-01 | publisher= | url =https://www.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/93591.htm | work = Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State | pages = | accessdate = 2018-09-24 | language = }} 14. ^{{cite web|title= The End of the Lindsay Era and the Beginning of the War Years in the Embassy’s Gardens.|url= http://washingtonembassygardens.wordpress.com/2014/03/01/the-end-of-the-lindsay-era-and-the-beginning-of-the-war-years-in-the-embassys-gardens/|work=Landscape of a Washington Place|accessdate=2014-03-28}} 15. ^{{cite web|title= The Royal Garden Party.|url= http://washingtonembassygardens.wordpress.com/2014/02/09/the-royal-garden-party/|work=Landscape of a Washington Place|accessdate=2014-03-28}} 16. ^{{cite web|title= Film footage: The Royal Visit, British Embassy.|url= http://washingtonembassygardens.wordpress.com/2014/02/09/moving-images-the-royal-visit-british-embassy-and-lindsay-era-washington/|work=Landscape of a Washington Place|accessdate=2014-03-28}} 17. ^{{cite web|title= The Aftermath of the Royal Garden Party.|url= http://washingtonembassygardens.wordpress.com/2014/02/16/the-aftermath-of-the-royal-garden-party/|work=Landscape of a Washington Place|accessdate=2014-03-28}} 18. ^{{London Gazette |issue=28131 |date=24 April 1908 |page=3077 }} 19. ^{{London Gazette |issue=32716 |date=2 June 1922 |page=4322 }} 20. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33007 |date=30 December 1924 |page=4 }} 21. ^{{London Gazette |issue=33179 |date=2 July 1926 |page=4405 }} 22. ^{{cite web|title= The Education and Career of an Embassy Gardner.|url= http://washingtonembassygardens.wordpress.com/2014/01/01/the-education-and-career-of-an-embassy-gardener/|work=Landscape of a Washington Place|accessdate=2014-01-07}} 15 : 1877 births|1945 deaths|People educated at Winchester College|Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States|Deans of the Diplomatic Corps to the United States|Members of HM Diplomatic Service|Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Turkey|Younger sons of earls|Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs|Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Germany|Clan Lindsay|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom |
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