请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Marine park
释义

  1. List of marine parks

     Africa  Americas  Canada  Mexico  United States   Asia  Hong Kong  India  Indonesia  Japan  Malaysia  Philippines  Singapore  Taiwan  Thailand  Europe  High seas  Oceania  Australia  Commonwealth of Australia  New South Wales  Queensland  South Australia  Victoria  Western Australia  Micronesia  New Zealand  Papua New Guinea  Samoa 

  2. See also

  3. References

{{refimprove|date=December 2017}}{{for|the Brooklyn neighborhood and park|Marine Park}}{{see also|Marine protected areas|Marine reserve}}

A marine park is a park consisting of an area of sea (or lake) sometimes protected for recreational use, but more often set aside to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like 'watery' national parks.

The largest marine park used to be the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, at 350,000 km² until 2010, when the United Kingdom announced the opening of the Chagos Marine Park or Chagos Archipelago.

Although for many uses it is sufficient to designate the boundaries of the marine park and to inform commercial fishing boats and other maritime enterprises, some parks have gone to additional effort to make their wonders accessible to visitors. These can range from glass-bottomed boats and small submarines, to windowed undersea tubes.

In New Zealand a marine reserve is an area which has a higher degree of legal protection than marine parks for conservation purposes.

In New South Wales, there are planned marine parks which will stretch along the coastline of the entire state.

List of marine parks

Africa

  • Kisite-Mpunguti Marine National Park, Kenya

Americas

  • Bonaire National Marine Park, Bonaire
  • Half Moon Caye Natural Monument, Belize
  • Hol Chan Marine Reserve, Belize
  • Montego Bay Marine Park, Jamaica
  • Pedra da Risca do Meio Marine State Park, Brazil
  • Saba National Marine Park, Saba

Canada

  • Fathom Five National Marine Park
  • Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area Reserve
  • Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area
  • Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Mexico

  • Alto Golfo de California Biosphere Reserve
  • Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park
  • Cabo Pulmo National Park, Mexico [1]
  • San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park

United States

  • Allan H. Treman State Marine Park
  • Dry Tortugas National Park
  • John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
  • Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Asia

Hong Kong

  • Marine parks in Hong Kong:
  • Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve
  • Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park
  • Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park
  • Tung Ping Chau Marine Park
  • Yan Chau Tong Marine Park

India

  • Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Tamil Nadu
  • Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat

Indonesia

  • Karimunjawa National Park, Java
  • Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Java
  • Komodo National Park, Nusa Tenggara
  • Bunaken National Park, Sulawesi
  • Kepulauan Togean National Park, Sulawesi
  • Kepulauan Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi
  • Taka Bone Rate National Park, Sulawesi
  • Teluk Cenderawasih National Park, Papua

Japan

  • Inubōsaki Marine Park

Malaysia

  • Perhentian Islands
  • Redang Island
  • Pulau Tenggol
  • Tioman Island
  • Pulau Sibu
  • Pulau Pemanggil
  • Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
  • Tun Mustapha Marine Park
  • Tun Sakaran Marine Park
  • Turtle Islands National Park

Philippines

  • Apo Reef
  • Tubbataha Reef
  • Ocean Adventure

Singapore

  • Sisters' Island Marine Park

Taiwan

  • Dongsha Atoll National Park
  • South Penghu Marine National Park

Thailand

  • Tarutao National Marine Park

Europe

  • Karaburun-Sazan National Marine Park, Albania
  • Iroise Marine Park, Brittany, France
  • Zakynthos Marine Park, Greece
  • Alonnisos Marine Park, Greece
  • Kosterhavet National Park, Bohuslän, Sweden
  • Ytre Hvaler National Park, Norway
  • Færder National Park, Norway
  • Jomfruland National Park, Norway
  • Raet National Park, Norway
  • Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales

High seas

As of April 2008 there are no high seas marine reserves, but Greenpeace is campaigning for the "doughnut holes" of the western pacific to be declared as marine reserves.[2]

They are also campaigning for 40 percent of the world’s oceans to be protected as marine reserves.[3]

Oceania

Australia

Commonwealth of Australia

The Australian Government manages an estate of marine protected areas (MPA) that are Commonwealth reserves under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

  • Ashmore Reef Marine National Nature Reserve
  • Cartier Island Marine Reserve
  • Cod Grounds Commonwealth Marine Reserve
  • Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve
  • Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Nature Reserve
  • Great Australian Bight Commonwealth Marine Reserve
  • Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
  • Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve
  • Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve (Coral Sea Island Territory)
  • Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters)
  • Macquarie Island Marine Park
  • Mermaid Reef Marine National Nature Reserve
  • Ningaloo Marine Park (Commonwealth waters)
  • Solitary Islands Marine Reserve (Commonwealth Waters)
  • South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserve Network
New South Wales
  • Solitary Islands Marine Park
Queensland
  • Moreton Bay Marine Park
South Australia
{{further|Protected areas of South Australia}}

As of December 2013, the following marine parks have been declared under the Marine Parks Act 2007 (SA) :[4]

  • Eastern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
  • Encounter Marine Park
  • Far West Coast Marine Park
  • Franklin Harbor Marine Park
  • Gambier Islands Group Marine Park
  • Investigator Marine Park
  • Lower South East Marine Park
  • Lower Yorke Peninsula Marine Park
  • Neptune Islands Group Marine Park
  • Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park
  • Sir Joseph Banks Group Marine Park
  • Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park
  • Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
  • Thorny Passage Marine Park
  • Upper Gulf St Vincent Marine Park
  • Upper South East Marine Park
  • Upper Spencer Gulf Marine Park
  • West Coast Bays Marine Park
  • Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park
Victoria
{{further|Protected areas of Victoria|}}

The state of Victoria has protected approximately 5.3% of coastal waters. In June 2002, legislation was passed to establish 13 Marine National Parks and 11 Marine Sanctuaries. Victoria is

the first jurisdiction in the world to create an entire system of highly protected Marine National Parks at the same time.[5] Additional areas are listed as Marine Parks or Marine Reserves, which provides a lower level of protection and allows activities such as commercial and recreational fishing.

The marine national parks are:

  • Bunurong Marine National Park
  • Cape Howe Marine National Park
  • Churchill Island Marine National Park
  • Corner Inlet Marine National Park
  • Discovery Bay Marine National Park
  • French Island Marine National Park
  • Ninety Mile Beach Marine National Park
  • Point Addis Marine National Park
  • Point Hicks Marine National Park
  • Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park
  • Twelve Apostles Marine National Park
  • Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park
  • Yaringa Marine National Park
Western Australia
  • Shark Bay Marine Park

Micronesia

  • Enipein Pah, near Pohnpei

New Zealand

  • Hauraki Gulf Marine Park
  • Mimiwhangata Marine Park
  • Tawharanui Marine Park

Papua New Guinea

  • Papua Barrier Reef

Samoa

  • American Samoa National Park

See also

  • Marine protected area

References

1. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110812/full/news.2011.479.html | title= Little Mexican reserve boasts big recovery | work= | accessdate=2011-08-23 | year=2011 |journal=Nature | last= Jones| first= Nicola| coauthors= | pages= | quote=}}
2. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/oceans/marine-reserves/pacific-tuna-need-marine-reserves | title= The Pacific Commons -- first high seas marine reserve? | work= | accessdate=2008-04-27 | year=2007 | publisher=Greenpeace Australia Pacific | last= | first= | coauthors= | pages= | quote=The Western and Central Pacific Ocean is the world's largest tuna fishery. Over half of the tuna consumed worldwide is taken from this area. Rampant overfishing is destroying this fishery; relatively healthy just a few years ago. Today, two key Pacific species, Bigeye and Yellowfin could face collapse unless urgent action is taken.}}
3. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/oceans/marine-reserves | title= Marine reserves | work= | accessdate=2008-04-27 | year=2007 | publisher=Greenpeace Australia Pacific | last= | first= | coauthors= | pages= | quote=A growing body of scientific evidence that demonstrates what we at Greenpeace have been saying for a long time: that the establishment of large-scale networks of marine reserves, urgently needed to protect marine species and their habitats, could be key to reversing global fisheries decline.}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=MARINE PARKS ACT 2007: SECTION 14|url=http://www.governmentgazette.sa.gov.au/2010/november/2010_077.pdf|publisher=The South Australian Government Gazette|accessdate=8 December 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023335/http://www.governmentgazette.sa.gov.au/2010/november/2010_077.pdf|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=}}
5. ^{{Citation | title = Victoria’s System of Marine National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries. Management Strategy 2003–2010 | url = http://parkweb.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/313348/Marine-National-Parks-and-Marine-Sanctuaries-Strategy-2003-2010.pdf | publisher = Parks Victoria | year= 2003 | accessdate = 2012-02-04 }}
{{Commons category|Marine parks}}

2 : Marine parks|Protected areas
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/22 10:41:15