| 词条 | Mario Bunge |
| 释义 |
|region = Western philosophy |era = Contemporary philosophy |image = MarioBungesmall.jpg |name = Mario Augusto Bunge |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1919|09|21}} |birth_place = Buenos Aires, Argentina |education = National University of La Plata (Ph.D., 1952) |school_tradition = Analytic philosophy Scientific realism Emergentism Critical rationalism[1] |main_interests = Philosophy of science Philosophy of physics Pseudoscience |influences = Guido Beck, Friedrich Engels, David Hilbert, Gino Germani, Alberto González-Domíngez, Enrique Mathov, Robert K. Merton, Emile Meyerson, Bertrand Russell, Manuel Sadosky[2] Ludwig von Bertalanffy[3] |influenced = |notable_ideas = Systemics, sociotechnology }} Mario Augusto Bunge ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ʌ|ŋ|ɡ|i}}; {{IPA-es|ˈbuŋxe|lang}}; born September 21, 1919) is an Argentine philosopher, philosopher of science and physicist who is mainly active in Canada. BiographyEarly yearsBunge was born on September 21, 1919 in Buenos Aires (Argentina). His mother, Marie Herminie Müser, was a German nurse who left Germany just before the beginning of World War I. His father, Augusto Bunge, also of some German descent, was an Argentinian physician and socialist legislator. Mario, who was the couple's only child, was raised without any religious education, and enjoyed a happy and stimulating childhood in the outskirts of Buenos Aires.[4] Wife and childrenBunge has four children: Carlos F. and Mario A. J. (with ex-wife Julia), and Eric R. and Silvia A., with his wife of over 60 years, the Argentinian mathematician Marta Cavallo. Mario and Marta live in Montreal. Studies and careerBunge began his studies at the National University of La Plata, graduating with a Ph.D. in physico-mathematical sciences in 1952. He was professor of theoretical physics and philosophy, 1956–1966, first at La Plata then at University of Buenos Aires. He was, until his recent retirement at age 90, the Frothingham Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at McGill University in Montreal, where he had been since 1966.[5] Bunge's students include Roger Angel, David Blitz, Mike Dillinger, Andrés Kálnay, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Dan A. Seni, Héctor Vucetich, and Miguel A. Quintanilla. WorkBunge is a prolific intellectual, having written more than 400 papers and 80 books, notably his monumental Treatise on Basic Philosophy in 8 volumes (1974–1989), a comprehensive and rigorous study of those philosophical aspects Bunge takes to be the core of modern philosophy: semantics, ontology, epistemology, philosophy of science and ethics. Here, Bunge develops a comprehensive scientific outlook which he then applies to the various natural and social sciences. His thinking embodies global systemism, emergentism, rationalism, scientific realism, materialism and consequentialism. Bunge has repeatedly and explicitly denied being a logical positivist, and has written on metaphysics. In the political arena, Bunge has defined himself as a "left-wing liberal" and democratic socialist, in the tradition of John Stuart Mill and José Ingenieros. He is also a supporter of the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation which advocates for democratic reform in the United Nations, and the creation of a more accountable international political system.[5] Popularly, he is known for his remarks considering psychoanalysis as an example of pseudoscience.[6] He has also freely criticized the ideas of well known scientists and philosophers such as Karl Popper, Richard Dawkins, Stephen Jay Gould, and Daniel Dennett.{{R|"Alcock"}} In his review of Between Two Worlds: Memoirs of a Philosopher-Scientist, James Alcock sees in Bunge "a man of exceedingly high confidence who has lived his life guided by strong principles about truth, science, and justice" and one who is "[impatient] with muddy thinking".{{R|"Alcock"}} AwardsMario Bunge has been distinguished with twenty one honorary doctorates and four honorary professorships by universities from both the Americas and Europe. Bunge is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1984–) and of the Royal Society of Canada (1992–). In 1982 he was awarded the Premio Príncipe de Asturias (Prince of Asturias Award), in 2009 the Guggenheim Fellowship,[11] and in 2014 the Ludwig von Bertalanffy Award in Complexity Thinking.[7] Publications (selection)
See also
References1. ^{{cite IEP |url-id=cr-ratio |title=Karl Popper and Critical Rationalism}} [9][10][11]2. ^Mario Bunge, Between Two Worlds: Memoirs of a Philosopher-Scientist, Springer, 2016, p. 113. 3. ^Bunge relates that he "taught [himself] philosophy between 1936 and 1956" while he was a regular physics student (between 1938 and 1944), studying nuclear physics under Guido Beck (see: Mario Bunge, "Philosophy of Science and Technology: A Personal Report", Contemporary Philosophy, Volume 8: Philosophy of Latin America, pp. 245-272, edited by Guttorm Fløistad Kluwer). 4. ^Memorias. Entre dos mundos. Barcelona: Gedisa 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=allpro&mapgroup=pro|title=Overview: Professors|website=Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly|date=|access-date=2018-04-19|language=en-US}} 6. ^RealClearScience - "Is Psychoanalysis Science or Pseudoscience?" Retrieved 16 November 2012. 7. ^http://www.bcsss.org/research/grants-and-prizes/ludwig-von-bertalanffy-award-in-complexity-thinking/ 8. ^Bunge's Treatise on Basic Philosophy stands as his major achievement. It encompasses a quadrivium which he considers "the nucleus of contemporary philosophy", namely, semantics (theories of meaning and truth), ontology (general theories of the world), epistemology (theories of knowledge), and ethics (theories of value and right action). For approximately two decades, Bunge engaged in writing his magnum opus in order to investigate and synthesize contemporary philosophy in a single grand system that is compatible with the advancement of modern human knowledge both scientifically and philosophically. A - Treatise on Basic Philosophy: Semantics (I & II), Ontology (III-IV), Epistemology and Methodology (V-VII) Axiology and Ethics (VIII). All of these 8 volumes in 9 parts are currently in print, available under the Springer-Verlag imprint. 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/reporter/40/06/bunge/|title=Mario Bunge: Philosophy in flux |last=Spitzberg|first=Daniel|publisher=McGill Reporter|accessdate=29 January 2010}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/publications/interscientia/biographies/bunge.html|title=- BIOGRAPHY - Mario Bunge, PhD, FRSC|publisher=University of Ottawa|accessdate=29 January 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215023240/http://www.uottawa.ca/publications/interscientia/biographies/bunge.html|archivedate=15 February 2009|df=}} 11. ^{{cite journal |last1=Alcock |first1=James |authorlink1=James Alcock |title=The Scientist and the Philosopher |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |date=2017 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=58–61}} }} Further reading
External links{{wikiquotes}}
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