“Maritime museum”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Maritime museum

释义

Preservation of ships
Notable maritime museums
Asia and Oceania Europe North America Central America South America Middle East Africa
See also
References
External links

A maritime museum (sometimes nautical museum) is a museum specializing in the display of objects relating to ships and travel on large bodies of water. A subcategory of maritime museums are naval museums, which focus on navies and the military use of the sea.

The great prize of a maritime museum is a historic ship (or a replica) made accessible as a museum ship, but as these are large and require a considerable budget to maintain, many museums preserve smaller or more fragile ships or partial ships within the museum buildings. Most museums exhibit interesting pieces of ships (such as a figurehead or cannon), ship models, and miscellaneous small items associated with ships and shipping, like cutlery, uniforms, and so forth.

Ship modellers often have a close association with maritime museums; not only does the museum have items that help the modeller achieve better accuracy, but the museum provides a display space for models larger than will comfortably fit in a modeller's home, and of the museum is happy to take a ship model as a donation. Museums will also commission models.

There are thousands of maritime museums in the world. Many belong to the International Congress of Maritime Museums, which coordinates members' efforts to acquire, preserve, and display their material. There is a risk that too many maritime museums might dilute the experience for the public, while a poorly managed museum might put other municipalities off from the idea of hosting such a museum.^[1]

At {{convert|19|acre|m2}}, Mystic Seaport in Mystic, Connecticut, US, can lay claim to the title of largest museum; it preserves not only a number of sailing ships, but also a large number of original seaport buildings, including a ship chandlery, sail loft, ropewalk, and so forth. However, the UK's National Maritime Museum in Greenwich is also a contender, with many items of great historical significance, such as the actual uniform worn by Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar.

A recent activity of maritime museums is to build replicas of ships, since there are few survivors that have not already been restored and put on display. Another is operating a museum harbour, most notably in Germany and the Netherlands but elsewhere too, that offers mooring to privately owned historical vessels, which can be watched but not boarded.

Preservation of ships

The preservation of ships in museums ensures that ancient and historic vessels are preserved for posterity in optimum conditions and are available for academic study and for public education and interest.

Remains of ancient and historic ships and boats can be seen in museums around the world. Where a ship is in a good state of preservation it can sometimes act as a museum in its own right. Many museum ships, such as HMS Victory are popular tourist attractions. Some ships are too fragile to be exposed outdoors or are incomplete and must be preserved indoors. The remains of the Mary Rose for example are kept in a purpose designed building so that conservation treatment can be applied.

In some cases, archaeologists have discovered traces of ships and boats where there are no extant physical remains to be preserved, such as Sutton Hoo, where museum displays can show what the vessel would have looked like, although the vessel itself no longer exists.

Notable maritime museums

{{See also|List of transport museums|l1=List of Transport Museums}}

Asia and Oceania

Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Brunei Darussalam Maritime Museum, Kota Batu, Brunei
Kursura Submarine Museum, Visakhapatnam, India
Visakha Naval Maritime Museum, Visakhapatnam, India
Evergreen Maritime Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
Hong Kong Maritime Museum, Central, Hong Kong
Singapore Maritime Gallery, Singapore
Hoods Tower Naval Museum, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
[https://web.archive.org/web/20150621060555/http://www.museumaritimo.gov.mo/index_e.html Museu Marítimo], Macau
Maritime Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Naval Aviation Museum, Vasco Da Gama, India
Maritime Museum, Malacca, Malaysia
Museum of Maritime Science, Tokyo, Japan
Kobe Maritime Museum, Kobe, Japan
Kure maritime Museum, Kure, Japan
National Maritime Museum, Auckland, New Zealand
National Maritime Museum, Galle, Sri Lanka
Torpedo Bay Navy Museum, Auckland, New Zealand
Sydney Heritage Fleet, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Western Australian Maritime Museum, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
Pakistan Maritime Museum, Karachi, Pakistan
Quanzhou Maritime Museum, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage, Mokpo, South Korea
National Maritime Museum, Busan, South Korea
YM Museum of Marine Exploration Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Europe

Aalborg Søfarts- og Marinemuseum, Aalborg,[Denmark
Aberdeen Maritime Museum, Aberdeen, Scotland
Cité de la Mer, Cherbourg-Octeville, France
Danish Maritime Museum, Kronborg Castle, Helsingør, Denmark
Dutch Navy Museum, Den Helder, Netherlands
Fries Scheepvaart Museum, Sneek, Netherlands
Estonian Maritime Museum, Tallinn, Estonia
Fisheries and Maritime Museum, Esbjerg, Denmark
Forum Marinum, Finland
[https://web.archive.org/web/20121228022435/http://www.galatamuseodelmare.it/jsp/index.jsp Galata Museo del Mare] in Genoa, Italy
German Maritime Museum, Bremerhaven, Germany
Hull Maritime Museum, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
Internationales Maritimes Museum in Hamburg, Germany
The Frigate Jylland, Ebeltoft, Denmark
Lancaster Maritime Museum, Lancaster, England
Lowestoft Maritime Museum, Suffolk, England
Malta Maritime Museum, Birgu, Malta
Marinmuseum, Karlskrona, Sweden
Marinemuseet, Karljohansvern, Horten, Norway
Maritime Center Vellamo, Kotka, Finland
Maritime Museum of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Maritime Museum Ria de Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
Maritime Museum Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Maritime Museum, Stockholm, Sweden
Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Musée national de la Marine, Paris, France
Musée National de la Marine in Brest, Brest, France
Musée National de la Marine in Port-Louis, Port-Louis, France
Musée National de la Marine in Rochefort, Rochefort, France
Musée National de la Marine in Toulon, Toulon, France
Naval Museum of Madrid
Museo Storico Navale, Venice, Italy
Museo Tecnico Navale in La Spezia, Italy
Museu de Marinha, Lisbon, Portugal
Museum of the World Ocean, Kaliningrad, Russia
Museum of the Sea, Cascais
National Maritime Museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England, United Kingdom
National Maritime Museum of Ireland, Dún Laoghaire, Ireland
National Maritime Museum, Gdańsk, Poland
National Maritime Museum in Szczecin, Poland
Scottish Maritime Museum, Irvine, Scotland, United Kingdom
Southampton Maritime Museum, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
[https://web.archive.org/web/20090401162230/http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/ Turkish Naval Museum], Istanbul, Turkey
Rauma Maritime Museum, Rauma, Finland
Royal Danish Naval Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
Russian Navy Museum, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Vasa Museum, Stockholm, Sweden
Vikin Maritime Museum in Reykjavík, [celand
Westfjords Heritage Museum, Iceland

North America

The Council of American Maritime Museums serves as network for museum professionals in North America.

Historic Ships in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, US
Bermuda Maritime Museum, Sandys Parish, Bermuda
Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park, Buffalo, New York
Columbia River Maritime Museum, Astoria, Oregon, US
Coral World Ocean Park, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Dossin Great Lakes Museum, Detroit, Michigan, US
Florida Maritime Museum, Cortez, Florida, US
Great Lakes Floating Maritime Museum, Duluth, Minnesota, US
H. Lee White Marine Museum, Oswego, New York, US
Hampton Roads Naval Museum, Norfolk, Virginia, US
Herreshoff Marine Museum, Bristol, Rhode Island, US
Independence Seaport Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
Lake Champlain Maritime Museum, Basin Harbor, Vermont, US
Long Island Maritime Museum, Long Island, New York, US
Los Angeles Maritime Museum, Los Angeles, California, US
Maine Maritime Museum, Bath, Maine, US
Mariners' Museum, Newport News, Virginia, US – National Maritime Museum

Maritime & Seafood Industry Museum, Biloxi, MS, US
Maritime Museum of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Maritime Museum of San Diego, San Diego, California, US
Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Maritime Museum, San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, California, US
Mystic Seaport, Mystic, Connecticut, US
National Museum of Naval Aviation, Pensacola, Florida, US
National Museum of the United States Navy, Washington, D.C., US
Nauticus, Norfolk, Virginia, US
Naval Undersea Museum, Keyport, Washington, US
Naval War College Museum, Newport, Rhode Island, US
New Bedford Whaling Museum, New Bedford, Massachusetts, US
PT Boat Museum, Fall River, Massachusetts, US
Salem Maritime National Historic Site in Salem, Massachusetts.
Santa Barbara Maritime Museum, Santa Barbara, California US
Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
South Street Seaport, New York, New York, US
Tahoe Maritime Museum, Homewood, California, US
Tuckerton Seaport, Tuckerton, New Jersey, US
United States Naval Academy Museum, Annapolis, Maryland, US
U.S. Navy Submarine Force Library and Museum, Groton, Connecticut, US
USS Constitution Museum, Boston, Massachusetts, US
Vancouver Maritime Museum, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
Wisconsin Maritime Museum, Manitowoc, Wisconsin, US
Camden Shipyard & Maritime Museum

Central America

Maritime Museum (Belize)

South America

National Maritime Museum (Chile)
Museo Nao Victoria (Chile)
Peruvian Naval Museum
Naval Museum of Montevideo^[3]

Middle East

Maritime Museum of Kuwait

Africa

South African Naval Museum
Admiral Nevelskoi Maritime Museum, Admiral Nevelskoi Yacht Mauritius founder Honorable Bernard Eric Typhis Degtyarenko. A unique museum on a sailing yacht which is also the masterpiece of the maritime museum

References

1. ^{{cite web| last =St. Jacques| first =Robert| title =Naval Warship Museums Problems And Potentials| publisher =Naval Weapons of the World| date =1 October 2000| url =http://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/museum1.htm| accessdate = 23 December 2012}}
2. ^http://www.museidigenova.it/spip.php?rubrique251{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Museos/MuseoNavalMontevideo.htm|title=MUSEO NAVAL DE MONTEVIDEO . R.O. DEL URUGUAY|author=|date=|website=histarmar.com.ar}}

Aymar, B. (1967). A pictorial treasury of the marine museums of the world; A guide to the maritime collections, restorations, replicas, and marine museums in twenty-three countries. New York: Crown.
Burton, A. (2003). The Daily Telegraph Guide to Britain's Maritime Past. London: Aurum Press.
Evans, M. H., & West, J. (1998). Maritime museums: A guide to the collections and museum ships in Britain and Ireland. London: Chatham Pub.
Heiney, P. (2005). Maritime Britain. London: Adlard Coles Nautical.
Neill, P., & Krohn, B. E. (1991). Great maritime museums of the world. New York: Balsam Press in association with H.N. Abrams.
Smith, R. H. (2006). Smith's guide to maritime museums of North America. Del Mar, CA: C Books.
Stammers, M. (1978). Discovering maritime museums and historic ships. Discovering series, no. 228. Aylesbury [England]: Shire Publications
Stanford, J. M. (1990). Sea history's guide to American and Canadian maritime museums. Croton-on-Hudson: Sea History Press.
Sullivan, D. (1978). Old ships, boats & maritime museums. London: Coracle Books.

External links

International Congress of Maritime Museums website
Nauticus Norfolk, VA
Maritime and Naval Museums in Britain and Ireland
[https://web.archive.org/web/20041204085124/http://www.bb62museum.org/usnavmus.html USA museum list]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20030801091230/http://www.bb62museum.org/wrldnmus.html Non-USA museum list]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204002413/http://www.boatingdir.com/Maritime_Museums/ Maritime Museums worldwide]
Maritime Museums in Europe

2 : Maritime museums|Types of museum

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