“Rotulus”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Rotulus

释义

References

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}}{{double image|right|Giovane con rotolo.JPG|150|MANNapoli 120620 a Fresco young man with rolls from Pompeii Italy.jpg|150|Roman portraiture frescos from Pompeii, 1st century AD, depicting two different men wearing laurel wreaths, one holding the rotulus, the other a volumen}}

A rotulus (plural: rotuli) is a kind of roll consisting of a long and narrow strip of writing material, historically papyrus or parchment, that is wound around a wooden axle or rod and is written on its interior face or side^[1] such that it is unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,^[2] unlike the other kind of roll, namely the "scroll", whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns.

Rotuli were historically used for:

Specific legal records in Europe, from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "Master of the Rolls", and the Byzantine Empire;^[3]
Liturgical manuscripts, e. g. those used for chanting the Exultet; and
Especially mortuary rolls, i. e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a monastery or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.^[3]

References

1. ^{{cite web |first=James |last=Grout |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/scroll/scrollcodex.html |title=Scroll and Codex |website=Encyclopaedia Romana}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/whats-on/online/crossing-borders/codex |title=What's On?: From Roll to Codex |website=Bodleian Libraries |publisher=University of Oxford}}
3. ^¹{{cite journal|last1=Daly|first1=Lloyd W.|title=Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents|journal=Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies|date=1973|volume=14|issue=3|publisher=Duke University|url=http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/viewFile/9191/4607}}

Attribution

{{Catholic|wstitle=Rotuli}} The entry cites:
- Léopold Victor Delisle, Rouleaux des morts du IX au XV siecle (Paris, 1866);
- ____, in Bibl. de l'ecole des Chartes, series II, vol. III; Sur l'usage de prier pour les morts;
- Thurston, A Mediaeval Mortuary-card in The Month (London, Dec., 1896);
- Nichols in Mem. Archaeolog. Institute (Norwich, 1847);
- Molinier, Obituaires français au moyen-âge (Paris, 1886);
- Ebner, Gebetsverbruderungen (Freiburg, 1891);
- Wattenbach, Schriftwesen im Mittelalter (3rd ed., Leipzig), 150-74.

1 : Documents

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