| 词条 | Mark 82 bomb |
| 释义 |
|name= Mark 82 General Purpose (GP) Bomb | image= Mk-82 xxl.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption= Mk 82 bomb as displayed on U.S. Air Force website. |origin=United States |type=Low-drag general purpose bomb |is_explosive=yes |service= |used_by= |wars= |designer= General Dynamics |design_date= |manufacturer= General Dynamics |unit_cost= $2,082.50 (in 2001)[1] |production_date= |number= |variants=GBU-12 Paveway IIGBU-38 JDAM |spec_label= |weight= {{convert|500|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} |length= {{convert|87.4|in|m|sigfig=3}} |part_length= |width= |height= |diameter= {{convert|10.75|in|mm|sigfig=3}} |crew= |filling=Tritonal, Minol (explosive) or Composition H6 |filling_weight= {{convert|192|lb|kg|sigfig=2}} |detonation= |yield= }} The Mark 82 (Mk 82) is an unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used. Development and deploymentWith a nominal weight of 500 lb (227 kg), it is the one of the smallest in current service, and one of the most common air-dropped weapons in the world. Although the Mk 82's nominal weight is 500 lb (227 kg), its actual weight varies depending on its configuration, from 510 lb (232 kg) to 570 lb (259 kg). It is a streamlined steel casing containing 192 lb (89 kg) of Tritonal high explosive. The Mk 82 is offered with a variety of fin kits, fuzes, and retarders for different purposes. The Mk 82 is the warhead for the GBU-12 laser-guided bombs and for the GBU-38 JDAM. Currently only the General Dynamics plant in Garland, Texas is Department Of Defense-certified to manufacture bombs for the US Armed Forces. The Mk 82 is currently undergoing a minor redesign to allow it to meet the insensitive munitions requirements set by Congress. According to a test report conducted by the United States Navy's Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board (WSESRB) established in the wake of the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, the cooking off time for a Mk 82 is approximately 2 minutes 30 seconds. More than 4,500 GBU-12/Mk 82 laser-guided bombs were dropped on Iraq during the Persian Gulf War.[2] France requested 1,200 Mk 82s in 2010 to Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) which builds Mk 82s under licence.[3] Saudi Arabia requested 8,000 Mk 82s in 2015, along with guidance kits and other weapons.[4] In August, 2018, a Mark 82 bomb was used for the Dahyan air strike. Munitions experts confirmed that the numbers on it identified Lockheed Martin as its maker and that this particular Mk 82 was a Paveway, a laser-guided bomb. It killed at least 51 people, mostly children.[5] Low-level deliveryIn low-level bombing, it is possible for the delivering aircraft to sustain damage from the blast and fragmentation effects of its own munitions since the aircraft and ordnance arrive at the target very close to the same time. To address this issue, the standard Mk 82 General Purpose bomb can be fitted with a special high-drag tail fin unit. In this configuration, it is referred to as the Mk 82 Snake Eye.[6] The tail unit has four folded fins which spring open into a cruciform shape when the bomb is released. The fins increase the drag of the bomb, slowing its forward progress and allowing the delivery aircraft to safely pass over the target before the bomb explodes. Variants
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url= http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/blafmunicosts.htm|title= Air Force Munitions Acquisition Costs|publisher= About.comUS Military}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=Friedman, Norman|title=The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997–1998|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1997|isbn=978-1-55750-268-1|page=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-DzknmTgDUC&pg=PA249}} 3. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/actualite-dga/2009/la-dga-notifie-l-achat-de-1-200-corps-de-bombes-de-type-mk82 | title=La DGA notifie l'achat de 1 200 corps de bombes de type Mk82 | language=French | publisher=Government of France | date=28 June 2010 | accessdate=2016-08-10}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2015-11-20/saudis-request-huge-resupply-us-air-ground-weapons|title=Saudis Request Huge Resupply of U.S. Air-To-Ground Weapons|work=Aviation International News}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/17/middleeast/us-saudi-yemen-bus-strike-intl/index.html|title=Bomb that killed 40 children in Yemen was supplied by US|last=CNN|first=Nima Elbagir, Salma Abdelaziz, Ryan Browne, Barbara Arvanitidis and Laura Smith-Spark|work=CNN|access-date=2018-08-18}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ordnance.org/gpb.htm |title=Bombs and components |publisher=www.ordnance.org/gpb.htm}} 7. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.chinalakealumni.org/Glossary.htm|title= China Lake, Naval Warfare Center|publisher= www.chinalakealumni.org}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/dumb/blu-111.htm|title= BLU-111/B|publisher= Federation of American Scientists}} 9. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/asetds/u-b.html#_BLU|title= Equipment Listing|publisher= www.designation-systems.net}} 10. ^Little Bang – p.38, Aviation Week & Space Technology-January 29, 2007 11. ^Precision Lethality Responds to Urgent Operational Need {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418084139/http://www.wpafb.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123285609 |date=2015-04-18 }} – AF.mil, 9 January 2015 12. ^USAF’s ultra-lethal carbon fibre bomb approved for export – Flightglobal.com, 29 June 2015 13. ^USAF Has Carbon Fibre Bomb Export Hopes – Copybook.com/Military, 2 July 2015 14. ^Jenkins, Dennis R. B-1 Lancer, The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed, p. 159. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. {{ISBN|0-07-134694-5}}. 15. ^[https://medium.com/war-is-boring/air-force-replaces-cluster-bombs-with-something-slightly-less-likely-to-kill-civilians-be94942adb97 Air Force Replaces Cluster Bombs With Something Slightly Less Likely to Kill Civilians] – Medium.com/War-is-Boring, 12 October 2014 16. ^USAF moving past cluster munitions, CALCM cruise missile – Flightglobal.com, 4 June 2015 External links{{Commons category}}
2 : Cold War aerial bombs of the United States|Aerial bombs of the United States |
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