| 词条 | Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom) |
| 释义 |
Royal warrants of appointment have been issued since the 15th century to those who supply goods or services to a royal court or certain royal personages. The warrant enables the supplier to advertise the fact that they supply to the royal family, so lending prestige to the brand and/or supplier. In the United Kingdom, grants are currently made by the three most senior members of the British royal family to companies or tradesmen who supply goods and services to individuals in the family. Suppliers continue to charge for their goods and services – a warrant does not imply that they provide goods and services free of charge. The warrant is typically advertised on billboards (or company hoardings in British English {{citation needed|date=December 2018}}), letter-heads and products by displaying the coat of arms or the heraldic badge of the royal personage as appropriate. Underneath the coat of arms will usually appear the phrase "By Appointment to..." followed by the title and name of the royal customer, and then what goods are provided. No other details of what is supplied may be given. History{{See|Royal warrant of appointment}}The granting of royal patronage or royal charter was practised across Europe from the early Medieval period. Initially, however, royal patronage was mainly granted to those working in the arts. Royal charters began to replace royal patronage in around the 12th century. The earliest charters were granted to the trade guilds, with the first recorded British royal charter being granted to the Weavers’ Company in 1155 by Henry II of England. [1] By the 15th century, the Royal Warrant of Appointment replaced the Royal Charter in England, providing a more formalised system of recognition. Under a Royal Warrant, the Lord Chamberlain appointed tradespeople as suppliers to the Royal household. [2] The printer William Caxton was one of the first recipients of a Royal Warrant when he became the King's printer in 1476.[3] One of the early monarchs to grant a warrant was King Charles II of England. [4] A Royal warrant sent a strong public signal that the holder supplied goods of a quality acceptable for use in the Royal household, and by inference, inspired the confidence of the general public. At a time when product quality was a public issue, a royal warrant imbued suppliers with an independent sign of value. By the 18th century, mass market manufacturers such as Josiah Wedgwood and Matthew Boulton, recognised the value of supplying royalty, often at prices well below cost, for the sake of the publicity and kudos it generated.[5] Royal Warrants became keenly sought-after and manufacturers began actively displaying the royal arms on their premises, packaging and labelling. By 1840, the rules surrounding the display of royal arms were tightened to prevent fraudulent claims. By the early 19th century, during the reign of Queen Victoria, the number of Royal Warrants granted rose rapidly with the granting of 2,000 warrants. [6] Since 1885, an annual list of warrant holders has been published in the London Gazette. [7] Food and drink manufacturers have been some of the most important warrant holder suppliers to the palace. High profile food and beverage suppliers with a Royal Warrant include Cadbury; Twinings of London; Bollinger; Fortnum & Mason; Heinz; Tanqueray Gordon & Co and Schweppes. Non-food suppliers with Royal Warrants include: Aston Martin; Land Rover; Jaguar cars; Boots; Axminster Carpets; Paragon China; The Irish Linen Company and Yardley of London. [8] Organisation{{see also|List of Royal Warrant holders of the British Royal Family}}Warrants are currently granted for the Queen, the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales. Warrants issued by the Queen Mother automatically expired no later than 2007, five years after her death. Royal Warrants are only awarded to tradesmen, such as carpenters, engravers, cabinet makers, dry-cleaners, even chimney sweeps. Some are well-known companies; many are not. The professions, employment agencies, party planners, the media, government departments, and "places of refreshment or entertainment" (such as pubs and theatres) do not qualify. Today, some 850 individuals and companies,[9] including a few non-UK companies, hold more than 1,100 warrants to the British Royal Family. The Royal Warrant signifies there is a satisfactory trade relation in place between the grantor (The Queen, The Duke of Edinburgh or the Prince of Wales) and the company and that the goods nominated are suitable for supply to the Royal household. Within the company, there is a nominated person called the grantee. That person is in all respects responsible for all aspects of the Royal Warrant. It takes at least five years of supplying goods or services to the member of the Royal Family before a company is eligible to have its application considered for recommendation. That application is then presented to the Royal Household and goes to the buyer who makes its recommendation for inclusion. It then goes in front of the Royal Household Warrants Committee, which is chaired by the Lord Chamberlain, which decides whether to accept the recommendation. It then goes to the grantor, who personally signs it. The grantor is empowered to reverse the Committee's decision, and therefore the final decision to accept or withhold a grant is a very personal one. Some Royal Warrants have been held for more than a hundred years. Goods need not be for the use of the grantor. For example, cigarettes were only bought for the use of guests of the Royal Family, but these Warrants were cancelled in 1999 as a matter of public policy. [10] For business, the granting of a Royal Warrant is a huge boost, because royal approval may be displayed in public with the coat of royal arms of the grantor, indicating that their services or products are of high quality. [11] Most Warrant holders are members of the Royal Warrant Holders Association,[12] which liaises closely with the palace. Its secretary, Richard Peck, is a former submarine commander. See also
References1. ^Swengley, N., "By Appointment to the Queen," Financial Times, 14 October, 2006,Online: https://www.ft.com/content/bfc498ea-5a0c-11db-8f16-0000779e2340; Barford, V., "Royal Warrants: What they tell us about the Royal Family," BBC News Magazine, 12 July, 2013, Online: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23255710 2. ^Otnes,C.C., and Maclaran,Royal Fever: The British Monarchy in Consumer Culture,University of California Press, 2015, pp 167-69 3. ^Barford, V., "Royal Warrants: What they tell us about the Royal Family," BBC News Magazine, 12 July, 2013, Online: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23255710; Wakelin, D., "Caxton's Exemplar for The Chronicles of England?" Journal of the Early Book Society, No. 14, 2011, p. 75 4. ^Palliser, D., "The Trade Gilds of Tudor York,' in Crisis and Order in English Towns 1500-1700, Peter Clark and Paul Slack (eds), Oxford, Routledge, 2013, p. 92 5. ^Applbaum, K., The Marketing Era: From Professional Practice to Global Provisioning, Routledge, 2004, p. 126-127 6. ^Heald, T., A Peerage for Trade: A History of the Royal Warrant, Royal Warrant Holders Association, 2001 7. ^Tillett, E.D., The Royal House of Windsor: A Record of its Personages and their Standards, Coats -of -Arms, Emblems, etc., since the Accession of Queen Victoria, London, Royal Warrant Holders' Association, 1937 p. 65,Online: https://archive.org/stream/royalhouseofwind031195mbp/royalhouseofwind031195mbp_djvu.txt 8. ^{{Cite web| title = Search Royal Warrant Holders| author = | work = Royal Warrant Holders Association| accessdate = | url = http://www.royalwarrant.org/directory| quote = }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Official Website|url=http://www.royalwarrant.org|work=ROYAL WARRANT HOLDERS ASSOCIATION|accessdate=2 February 2012}} 10. ^BBC News, "Royal Warrant Stubbed Out," 7 February, 1999, Online: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/274100.stm 11. ^Applbaum, K., The Marketing Era: From Professional Practice to Global Provisioning, Routledge, 2004, pp 126-127 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalwarrant.org|title=Royal Warrant Holders Association|publisher=}} Bibliography
Further reading
External links
1 : British Royal Warrant holders |
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