| 词条 | Roy Lunn |
| 释义 |
|image = |name = Roy Lunn |nationality = United States |birth_date = {{birth date|1925|6|26}} |birth_place = Richmond, London |death_date = {{death date and age|2017|8|5|1925|6|26}} |death_place = Santa Barbara, California |occupation = Automotive engineer |years_active = 1946 – 1987 |employer = {{ubl | Ford Motor Company | American Motors Corporation }} |known_for = |notable_works= {{ubl | Ford Mustang I | AMC Eagle | Jeep Cherokee (XJ) | AMC Straight-4 engine }} |awards = {{ubl | Society of Automotive Engineers Fellow | Inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2016 }} |}}Royston Charles Lunn[1] (June 26, 1925 – August 5, 2017) was an engineer in the automotive industry. He had forty-one years in the design development and production of vehicles and most notably served as the head of engineering at American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1971 to 1987. Lunn is credited as being the "father of the modern SUV" and "the godfather of the Ford GT40."[2][3] Early lifeRoy Lunn was educated in England with degrees in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. Lunn was in the Royal Air Force for two years as a pilot. Trained as a jig and a toolmaker and designer, he entered the auto industry in 1946 when AC Cars hired Lunn as a designer. After one year, he moved to Aston Martin as the assistant chief designer and was responsible for the DB2 program. He joined Jowett in 1949 as chief designer and was involved in a variety of projects, including the first plastic-bodied car. Lunn also participated in automobile races. He was the co-driver with Marcel Becquart, winning the 1952 RAC International Rally. Ford Motor CompanyIn 1953, Lunn joined Ford Motor Company in England and was assigned the task of starting a new Research Center in Birmingham. This center made the first prototype of what became the 105-E Anglia. Lunn transferred to Ford plant in Dagenham as the car’s product planning manager to follow the 105-E into mass production. He emigrated to the United States in 1958 and became manager of the Ford Advanced Vehicle center. He participated in the development of a {{convert|170000|lb|kg|0|adj=on}} gross vehicle weight rating highway truck, as well as the Cardinal, Ford’s first front-wheel drive automobile that became the 15-M Taunus. In 1962, Lunn became a U.S. citizen. In 1962, Lunn and his team of engineers developed a two-seat Ford Mustang I prototype in just 100 days.[4] He was also put on a special assignment to design and develop a GT racing car along with Ray Geddes and Donald N. Frey.[5] Ford's CEO, Henry Ford II, conceived this racing program after his attempt to purchase Ferrari collapsed. In 1963, under the direction of Lunn, work began on an all-new racecar, loosely based on the Lola GT.[6] In April 1964, the Ford GT40 was presented to the press for the first time. As the pony car wars continued, "Bunkie" Knudsen ordered Ford's large {{convert|429|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} Cobra Jet V8 into the 1969 Ford Mustang's engine bay. Lunn was charged to build the "ultimate Mustang" and worked with Kar Kraft, the Brighton, Michigan, specialty shop that built many of Ford's racing cars at the time, to produce the Boss 429.[7] American MotorsLunn joined American Motors in 1971 as the director of engineering for Jeep, which had recently been purchased by AMC from Kaiser. Lunn quickly advanced at AMC to the position of Vice President of Engineering. His notable accomplishments include the AMC Eagle, the compact Jeep Cherokee (XJ), which was the first of the modern range of SUV vehicles, as well as the development of the AMC Straight-4 engine[8] and the Jeep 4.0 liter engine that were based on the "modern era" AMC Straight-6 engine. As Jeep's chief engineer, Lunn orchestrated 4WD's next leap ahead when he joined the AMC Concord body with a reconstituted Jeep driveline. According to former AMC chairman, Gerald C. Meyers, "our initial reaction to Lunn's concoction was, 'What the hell is it?' The body was raised an extra four inches for transfer-case clearance and the wheel wells were wide open."[9] This became the AMC Eagle, an integration and application of AMC and Jeep engineering technologies, which was America’s first four-wheel drive car.[10] Lunn was also active in the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) becoming their technical committee chairman in 1983. He was elected a Fellow of the Society in 1985. He completed his career at American Motors by forming and becoming President of Renault Jeep Sport to centralize all AMC and Renault racing activities in the U.S. Lunn also designed and put into production a low-cost racing car for the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA), of which more than 864 Sports Renault purpose-built race cars (later: Spec Racer Ford) have been built. Lunn developed a groundbreaking design for a compact-sized SUV. It featured a steel ladder frame welded to a unitized body and included a four-door version. Because AMC lacked the resources to conduct the lengthy durability tests before the late 1983 introduction of the Cherokee XJ, Lunn headed the first American entry to drive the Paris-Dakar rally.[2] The objective of his team was "not to compete but simply to run the brutal desert course" with two new Cherokees and monitor how they would survive the punishing {{convert|6200|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} 6,200-mile race course.[2] Lunn's design "became the template for the modern SUV and continues to be copied by virtually all major global automakers."[2] He retired in 1985 and was immediately called back to become vice president of engineering for the AM General division of AMC. The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle military Jeep (Hummer) was going into production and Lunn was charged with overseeing the corrective actions to achieve acceptance by the U.S. Army. RetirementLunn retired to his home in Florida in 1987 where he continued to work various projects. He relocated to Santa Barbara, California in 2015 and served as a mentor to students in the mechanical engineering program at the University of California, Santa Barbara.[11] Lunn suffered a stroke in late July and died of its complications on August 5, 2017.[2] Notes1. ^https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/automobiles/roy-lunn-innovative-engineer-of-celebrated-cars-dies-at-92.html 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url= http://www.autonews.com/article/20170816/OEM02/170819840/roy-lunn-father-of-the-modern-suv-dies-at-92 |title=Roy Lunn, father of the modern SUV, dies at 92 |date=16 August 2017 |first=Richard |last=Truett |work=Automotive News |accessdate=16 August 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/a12020967/you-have-no-idea-how-much-the-father-of-the-gt40-changed-the-auto-industry/ |title=You Have No Idea How Much the Father of the GT40 Changed the Auto Industry |first=Bob |last=Sorokanich |date=16 August 2017 |work=Road and Track |accessdate=16 August 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Leffinwell |first=Randy |year=2001 |title=American Muscle: Muscle Cars From the Otis Chandler Collection |publisher=Motorbooks|page=15 |isbn=9780879384654 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |editor-last=Bailey |editor-first=L. Scott |title=America Goes Grand Prix |journal=Automobile Quarterly |date=Spring 1964 |volume=3 |issue= 1}} 6. ^{{cite press release|url= http://www.classicdriver.de/uk/magazine/3500.asp?id=11342 |title=Ford GT40 2003 - sales structure and price guide announced |date=15 October 2002 |publisher=Ford Media at Classic Driver |accessdate=8 November 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|url= http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1969-1970-ford-mustang5.htm |title=1969 Ford Mustang Boss 429 |author=Auto Editors of Consumer Guide |publisher=howstuffworks.com |date=7 February 2007 |accessdate=8 November 2014}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Ackerson |first=Robert C. |title=The 50 year History of the Jeep |publisher=Motorbooks |year=1991 |isbn=9780854295333 }} 9. ^{{cite journal|url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-69103689.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130501140243/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-69103689.html |dead-url= yes |archive-date= 2013-05-01 |last=Sherman |first=Don |title=All-Wheel-Drive Revisited - AMC's 1980 Eagle pioneered the cross-over SUV |journal=Automotive Industries |date=February 2001 |accessdate=8 November 2014}} 10. ^{{cite book|url= http://papers.sae.org/800003/ |last=Lunn |first=Roy |title=AMC Four Wheel Drive Eagle A New Dimension In Transportation |publisher=SAE Technical Paper 800003 |year=1980 |doi=10.4271/800003 |accessdate=8 November 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.freep.com/story/money/cars/mark-phelan/2017/08/16/ford-gt-40-roy-lunn/573045001/ |title=Visionary engineer and Ford GT40 godfather Roy Lunn dies at 92 |first=Mark |last=Phelan |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |date=16 August 2017 |accessdate=16 August 2017}} References
5 : American automotive engineers|1925 births|2017 deaths|American Motors people|Ford people |
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