| 词条 | Russell Lande |
| 释义 |
| name = Russell Scott Lande | birth_name = Russell Scott Lande | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}} | birth_place = United States | residence = | citizenship = American (1951-) | nationality = American | fields = Biology, Genetics | workplaces = University of Chicago, University of Oregon, University of California, San Diego, Imperial College London, Norwegian University of Science and Technology | alma_mater = University of California, Irvine, University of Chicago, Harvard University | doctoral_advisor = Richard Lewontin | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = population biology, quantitative genetics, evolutionary biology, conservation biology | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = Sewall Wright Award, Guggenheim Fellowship, MacArthur Fellowship, Weldon Memorial Prize and Medal, Balzan Prize,Fellow of the Royal Society, United States National Academy of Sciences | signature = | signature_alt = | footnotes = | spouse = }}Russell Scott Lande {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (born 1951) is an American evolutionary biologist and ecologist, and an International Chair Professor at Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He is a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.[1] Education and careerHe received his Ph.D. in 1976 from Harvard University where he was a student of Richard Lewontin, and completed his Postdoctoral work at the University of Wisconsin under James F. Crow. He then held positions at the University of Chicago, University of Oregon, University of California, San Diego,[2] and Imperial College London.[3] In 2016 he was employed as an International Chair Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).[4] WorkLande is best known for his early work extending quantitative genetics theory to the context of evolutionary biology in natural populations. In particular, he developed a stochastic theory for the evolution of quantitative traits by genetic drift and natural selection.[2] He also proposed a multivariate framework to describe the effect of selection on multiple correlated characters, thus helping clarify the much-debated notion of genetic constraints in phenotypic evolution.[6] He later applied and extended these results to study a wide variety of topics in evolutionary biology, including: sexual selection, speciation, the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, of self-fertilization, of life history, of a species range in space and time.[5] Apart from his work in evolutionary genetics, Lande has substantially contributed to the fields of population dynamics and conservation biology.[6] In particular, his model on the effect of habitat fragmentation on the extinction threshold of territorial species was central to the debate about the conservation of the Northern spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest.[7] He and Georgina Mace contributed to clarify the categories for the IUCN red list, by proposing new criteria based on measurable quantities relating to times to extinction.[6] He is a specialist of stochastic population dynamics, on which he co-authored a book with Steinar Engen and Bernt-Erik Sæther, and of methods for estimating density dependence from time series of population density. Some of the concepts and tools he introduced, such as the selection gradient (univariate or multivariate, directional or quadratic) and the G matrix, have become standard in evolutionary biology.[6] Publications
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Representative articles
Honours and awards
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/april-28-2015-NAS-Election.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-05-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120211335/http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/april-28-2015-NAS-Election.html |archivedate=2015-11-20 |df= }} 2. ^1 https://biology.ucsd.edu/research/faculty/rlande 3. ^http://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/r.lande 4. ^employees at CBD, NTNU 5. ^Lande, Russel «Sexual Dimorphism, Sexual Selection, and Adaptation in Polygenic Characters». In: Evolution, vol. 34, no. 2 (Mar. 1980), pp. 292–305 6. ^1 2 3 4 http://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/russell-scott-lande 7. ^Fisch (2012) 8. ^American Society of Naturalists' list of winners 9. ^[https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/russell-lande/ The society on the award] 10. ^[https://www.macfound.org/fellows/557/ MacArthur on the Russel S. Lande] 11. ^[https://royalsociety.org/people/russell-lande-11786/ Royal Society on the election] 12. ^NAS on the election 13. ^TWS on the award Sources
External links
13 : 1951 births|Living people|Evolutionary biologists|American ecologists|Population geneticists|21st-century American biologists|Fellows of the Royal Society|Guggenheim Fellows|Harvard University alumni|Norwegian University of Science and Technology faculty|University of California, Irvine alumni|University of Chicago alumni|MacArthur Fellows |
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