| 词条 | Mars 7 |
| 释义 |
| name = Mars 7 | image = Mars6.gif | image_caption = | mission_type = Mars flyby/lander[1] | operator = Lavochkin | COSPAR_ID = Bus: 1973-053A Lander: 1973-053D[2] | SATCAT = Bus: 6776 Lander: 7224[2] | mission_duration = 7 months (launch to nearest approach) | spacecraft = 3MP No.51P | manufacturer = Lavochkin | dry_mass = | launch_mass = 3,260 kg (fueled lander and bus)[2] | landing_mass = | power = | launch_date = {{start-date|9 August 1973, 17:00:17|timezone=yes}} UTC[3] | launch_rocket = Proton-K/D | launch_site = Baikonur 81/24 | launch_contractor = | last_contact = | orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Heliocentric | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = | apsis = helion |interplanetary = |type = flyby |object = Mars |component = Bus |arrival_date = 9 March 1974 |distance = }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP|type = lander_flyby |object = Mars |component = Lander |arrival_date = 9 March 1974 |distance = {{convert|1300|km|mi|abbr=on}} }} Mars 7 ({{Lang-ru|Марс-7}}), also known as 3MP No.51P was a Soviet spacecraft launched to explore Mars. A 3MP bus spacecraft which comprised the final mission of the Mars programme, it consisted of a lander and a coast stage with instruments to study Mars as it flew past. Due to a malfunction, the lander failed to perform a maneuver necessary to enter the Martian atmosphere, missing the planet and remaining in heliocentric orbit along with the coast stage. SpacecraftMars 7 spacecraft carried an array of instruments to study Mars. The lander was equipped with a thermometer and barometer to determine the surface conditions, an accelerometer and radio altimeter for descent, and instruments to analyse the surface material including a mass spectrometer.[4] The coast stage, or bus, carried a magnetometer, plasma traps, cosmic ray and micrometeoroid detectors, stereo antennae, and an instrument to study proton and electron fluxes from the Sun.[4] Built by Lavochkin, Mars 7 was the second of two 3MP spacecraft launched to Mars in 1973, having been preceded by Mars 6. Two orbiters, Mars 4 and Mars 5, were launched earlier in the 1973 Mars launch window and were expected to relay data for the two landers. However, Mars 4 failed to enter orbit, and Mars 5 failed after a few days in orbit. LaunchMars 7 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24.[3] The launch occurred at 17:00:17 UTC on 9 August 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 7 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars. The spacecraft performed a course correction on 16 August 1973.[4] Mars 7's lander separated from the flyby bus on 9 March 1974. Initially, it failed to separate. However, it was eventually released to begin its descent. Due to a retrorocket failure, the probe missed the atmosphere of Mars, and, instead of landing, flew past along with the coast stage, with a closest approach of {{convert|1300|km|mi|abbr=on}}.[4] Known faults with the spacecraft's transistors were blamed for the failure, along with that of Mars 4.[4] {{Clear}}See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/ip_probe.htm|title=Interplanetary Probes|work=Gunter's Space Page|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|accessdate=13 April 2013}} {{Portalbar|Spaceflight|Mars}}{{Mars programme}}{{Orbital launches in 1973}}{{Mars spacecraft}}{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-053A|title=Mars 7|publisher=US National Space Science Data Centre|accessdate=12 April 2013}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=12 April 2013}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph24/1973.pdf|last=Siddiqi|first=Asif A.|title=Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000|series=Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24|year=2002|publisher=NASA History Office|chapter=1973|pages=101–106}} 6 : Spacecraft launched in 1973|1973 in spaceflight|1973 in the Soviet Union|Mars program|Derelict satellites in heliocentric orbit|4MV |
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