| 词条 | Sack Friary, Bristol |
| 释义 |
The mendicant religious order was known as the Friars of the Sack and the Brothers of Penitence.{{efn|The friars wore garments made of coarse cloth, similar to that of the Franciscans. They did not eat meat and only drank water.{{sfn|Gasquet|1905|pp=241-242}}}} The friars first appeared in England in 1257,{{sfn|Page|1909|pp=513-514}} with the order apparently originating in Italy, where they were known as "Fratres de Sacco".{{sfn|Gasquet|1905|pp=241-242}}{{efn|Others attribute their origin to France as many of their known homes were in France.[2]}} The order began in 1251 and expanded into Britain, France, Spain, Germany and Palestine.{{sfn|Gasquet|1905|pp=241-242}}[2] The Second Council of Lyon took up the question of limiting mendicant religious orders. In 1274, the four major orders-the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Carmelites and the Austin Friars were allowed to remain with the lesser orders instructed to disband.[3]{{efn|Mendicant orders founded after 1215 were subject to the disbanding order. They were not to accept any new members of their community, thus the orders would succumb to attrition.[4]}} The first mention of the order in Bristol was circa 1266 when Henry III of England granted the friars six oaks from Selwood Forest for building.{{sfn|Page|1907|p=111}} Records of the 1287 Pleas of the Crown establish that there was a house of Friars of the Sack before that time, but no one is certain where it was located.[5] The last mention of the order in Bristol is found on a document dated October 31, 1322. The document refers to a tenement outside Bristol Temple Gate located near the church of the "Friars di saccis" signed by Simon de Ely, burgess of Bristol to William de Cameleigh.[6] Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^Pastscape 2. ^1 {{cite journal|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2846556|title=A Note on the Friars of the Sack|last=Emery|first=Richard W. |work=Speculum|date=October 1960|pages=591–595|publisher=The Medieval Academy of America|accessdate=9 August 2016}} 3. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2853707|title=The Friars of the Sack|last=Emery|first=Richard W.|work=Speculum|date=July 1943|pages=323–334|publisher=The Medieval Academy of America|accessdate=9 August 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/12184659/Sackcloth-and-magpies-the-habits-of-the-extinct-friars.html|title=Sackcloth and magpies: the habits of the extinct friars|author=Howse, Christopher|date=5 March 2016|publisher=the Telegraph|accessdate=10 August 2016}} 5. ^{{cite journal|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b2993360|title=The Religious Houses of Bristol and Their Dissolution|page=90|author=Taylor, Rev. C. S|year=1906|work=Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society|publisher=Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society|accessdate=10 August 2016}} 6. ^{{cite journal|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090327446|title=Bristol Merchant Marks|author=Rudd, Alfred E.|page=115|date=1911–1912|work=Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club for 1911-1912|publisher=Clifton Antiquarian Club|accessdate=10 August 2016}} Sources
2 : Friaries in Bristol|1266 establishments in England |
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