1. Career

2. Final voyage

3. Wreck

4. See also

5. References

The SS Sagamore is reported to be the best example of a whaleback barge among Great Lakes shipwrecks. Only 48 whalebacks ever existed on the Great Lakes. She sank in 1901 in the shipping lane near the Soo Locks when she was rammed by the steel steamer Northern Queen in one of Whitefish Bay's notorious fogs. Her captain and two crewmembers went down with her. Artifacts from her wreck were illegally removed in the 1980s. Her artifacts are now the property of the State of Michigan and are on display as a loan to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum. The wreck of the Sagamore is protected as part of an underwater museum in the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve.

Career

The SS Sagamore's keel was laid 15 December 1891 by the American Steel Barge Company and she was launched 23 July 1892 in Superior, Wisconsin. She was built as 1,601 gross ton whaleback steamer barge, {{convert|308|ft|m}} in length, {{convert|38|ft|m}} in beam, and {{convert|24|ft|m}} in draft. She was enrolled in Marquette, Michigan. She was sold to the Huron Barge Company and managed by Pickands, Mather and Company of Ashtabula, Ohio.^[1][2] She was usually towed by her consort whaleback steamer, the Pathfinder.^[3] The Sagamore once unloaded a record 3,200 tons of iron ore in 8 hours at Ashtabula in 1893.^[2]

Final voyage

On 29 July 1901, the Sagamore was anchored just off Iroquois Point with her consort, the Pathfinder, waiting for one of Whitefish Bay's legendary, thick fogs to clear.^[2][3] Both vessels were loaded with iron downbound from Duluth, Minnesota for Lake Erie. The steel steamer Northern Queen came suddenly through the fog on a collision course for the Pathfinder. The helmsman of the Northern Queen changed course to avoid the Pathfinder and headed directly for the Sagamore. The helmsman did not see the Sagamore due to the heavy fog.^[2] When the Northern Queen hit the Sagamore on the starboard side near the after turret,^[4] the Sagamore filled with water rapidly and sank. Five of the Sagamore's crew jumped to safety onto the deck of the Northern Queen, but three were lost. The Sagamore's Captain E. Joiner, the cook, and a sailor died in the collision.^[2][3]

The loss of the Sagamore was valued at $90,000. Shipwreck historian Cris Kohl reported, "The Northern Queen returned to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan with the survivors and to make temporary repairs to her badly damaged hull. She eventually went into drydock for permanent repairs."^[2]

Wreck

The wreck of the Sagamore was discovered at {{coord|46|31.085|N|84|37.935|W}} in 1962 by Jack Brosco and Robert McCormick of Sault Ste. Marie in {{convert|45|to|65|ft|m}} of water, mostly intact and sitting upright on a gravel bottom.^[3][5][6]Scuba diver and shipwreck historian Cris Kohl reports that the Sagamore is "probably the best example of a whaleback steamer that can be found anywhere under the surface of the Great Lakes."^[2] Kohl describes the Sagamore as a long shipwreck with impressive triple tow rings mounted on her blunt-nosed bow, wide open hatches for easy access, and comfortable ambient lighting for swimming inside her hull. Kohl and other divers warn that the Sagamore is not usually buoyed as she lies in the middle of the busy freighter shipping lane near the Soo Locks.^[2][7]

The Sagamore's wreck was stripped of her artifacts over the years. Michigan’s Antiquities Act of 1980 prohibited the removal of artifacts from shipwrecks on the Great Lakes bottomlands. The Evening News reported a Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment 1992 raid on the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum and its offices that found evidence of 150 artifacts illegally removed from the state-claimed bottomlands, including artifacts from the Sagamore.^[8] Following a settlement agreement, a single sheave block, shaving mug, pocket watch, mallet, pickax, saucer, and pitcher from the Sagamore are now the property of the State of Michigan and are on loan for display in the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum.

The Sagamore's wreck is protected for future generations of scuba divers by the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve as part of an underwater museum. Divers who visit the wreck sites are expected to observe preservation laws and "take nothing but pictures and leave nothing but bubbles".^[9] Great Lakes diver Harrington cautions that "divers must be certain of their abilities and equipment" when diving the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve.^[10]

See also

• {{SS|Meteor|1896|6}}, an 1896 whaleback steamer converted into a museum ship in Superior, Wisconsin.

References

• Nuclear Localizer
• Nuclear magnetic dipole
• Nuclear magnetic moment
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• Nuclear Magneton
• Nuclear magneton
• Nuclear marine propulsion
• Nuclear mass defect
• Nuclear Mass Defect
• Nuclear material
• Nuclear matrix
• Nuclear Medicine
• Nuclear medicine
• Nuclear Medicine Tests
• Nuclear meltdown
• Nuclear microscopy
• Nuclear missile
• Nuclear missile defense
• Nuclear missiles
• Nuclear model
• Nuclear nations
• Nuclear Navy
• Nuclear navy
• Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
• Nuclear non-proliferation treaty