词条 | Martin Place | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = Martin Place | marker_image = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | alternate_name = | image = View of Martin Place from Castlereagh St, Sydney (NSW) (7417190710) (2).jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_map = | caption = View from Castlereagh Street in the 1950s | map_type = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | other_name = 'The heart of the City' 'The hub of the City' | former_names = Moore Street | part_of = Sydney central business district | namesake = Sir James Martin | type = Pedestrian zone | owner = City of Sydney | length_m = 473 | addresses = | location = Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | postal_code = 2000 | metro = Martin Place railway station Martin Place metro station (projected opening 2024) | coordinates = | terminus_a = Macquarie Street (east) | terminus_b = George Street (west) | junction = Phillip Street Elizabeth Street Castlereagh Street Pitt Street | construction_start_date = 1890 | completion_date = 1935 | inauguration_date = 1892 | known_for = Sydney Cenotaph Reserve Bank of Australia General Post Office 2014 Sydney hostage crisis }} Martin Place is a pedestrian mall in the central business district of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Martin Place has been described as the "civic heart" of Sydney.[1] As home to the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Macquarie Bank, Westpac and other corporations, it is also a centre of business and finance. The Sydney GPO and the Seven Network's Sydney news centre are also located on Martin Place. Martin Place has become a national Australian icon in popular culture for attracting high-end film and television productions and actors to the area. Martin Place runs between George Street and Macquarie Street, and provides entrances to the Martin Place railway station below street level. Other cross streets include Pitt Street, Castlereagh Street, Elizabeth Street and Phillip Street. The initial "Martin Place" was the section between George Street and Pitt Street, officially opened 1892, and was named in honour of Sir James Martin, the three time Premier of New South Wales and Chief Justice of Supreme Court of New South Wales. Closed to traffic in stages from 1971, Martin Place is surrounded by many heritage buildings and features the 1927 World War I ANZAC Cenotaph, water fountain, entertainment area, railway access and pedestrian seating. HistoryToday's Martin Place was built in several phases. Until the late 19th century, only the section between Pitt Street and Castlereagh Street existed in anything resembling the present form, as a short street named Moore Street.[2] Between Pitt Street and George Street there was only a small laneway (similar to nearby surviving laneways such as Angel Place or Hosking Place). In 1863, construction began on the present General Post Office Building on the south side of the laneway. The building was constructed in stages, and when the design changed to provide for a main façade on the longer north side (instead of facing George Street to the west), there were concomitant proposals to widen the existing laneway into a street connected to Moore Street. A fire which destroyed properties to the north of the laneway provided the impetus for the construction, and in 1892 (a year after the Venetian-Italianate-style General Post Office was completed) the widened street was officially opened and named "Martin Place", in honour of New South Wales premier and Chief Justice James Martin.[3] The General Post Office occupied the entire southern frontage of the street. Both Moore Street and Martin Place became prominent centres of business and finance in Sydney. In 1913, the headquarters of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia was constructed on the corner of Moore Street and Pitt Street.[4] In later years, other banks followed with a range of impressive buildings (see "Architecture" below). In 1921, Moore Street was renamed as part of Martin Place.[1] Conscription rallies for World War I took place here.[1] In 1927, a Cenotaph commemorating the WWI dead was erected.[1] Soon after, the Sydney Municipal Council proposed to extend the street further east towards Macquarie Street. However, the plan was delayed by concerted opposition from landowners of the buildings that would have to be demolished to make way for the extension. One of the buildings demolished to make way for the extended Martin Place was St Stephen's Presbyterian Church, on the east side of Phillip Street, which was replaced by the present church on Macquarie Street in 1935. The extension was finally completed in 1935, resulting in the Martin Place stretching from George Street to Macquarie Street seen today.[3] The increasingly important role of Martin Place as the "heart" or "town square" of Sydney (see "Events" below) led to calls for the street to be pedestrianised. This was done progressively from 1971 until 1979, when the whole street became a pedestrian mall. The closure of the street to traffic was partly timed to coincide with the construction of Martin Place railway station under the eastern section of the street. The station also opened in 1979.[3] Leo Port, the Lord Mayor of Sydney was an advocate of civic design, and was partly responsible for the pedestrianisation of Martin Place and Sydney Square. A number of the street's older buildings were demolished in this period to make way for modernist buildings. The most prominent of these is the MLC Centre, designed by Harry Seidler. Architecture{{See also|Architecture of Sydney}}Martin Place has a large collection of buildings of various styles, from neo-classical to contemporary. Notable buildings
Adjacent buildings
Other featuresOther features of Martin Place include:
Heritage listingsThere are a number of heritage-listed buildings in Martin Place, including:
TransportGeorge Street, Elizabeth Street, and Castlereagh Street, which cross Martin Place, are all major bus routes in Sydney's CBD. In addition, Martin Place railway station is located underground. Also nearby are St James railway station (near Macquarie Street end) and Wynyard railway station (near George Street end). The new Sydney Metro line will include a station located underneath the existing station and is due to open in 2024. EventsFrom its origins as a narrow laneway, Martin Place has over time become the "civic heart" of Sydney.[1] Apart from its central location, the presence of the General Post Office and its attached telegraph office meant that this was the location where important news first arrived in the city. As a result, in earlier decades this was a focal point for gatherings to await or celebrate significant events. The cenotaph was sited on Martin Place outside the General Post Office because this was where crowds gathered in the city at the end of World War I.[3] Martin Place is now the centre of the city's official war commemoration ceremonies. The extensions of the street gave it new significance in the civic scheme of the city, forming a broad and open connection between George Street, the original "High Street" and commercial axis, and Macquarie Street, the ceremonial avenue and governmental axis. People still gather on the plaza today to participate in significant events, for example to watch live broadcasts on a large television screen during the 2000 Summer Olympics, or the apology to the Stolen Generation in 2008. An amphitheatre built into the plaza near Pitt Street has hosted music and cultural events, as well as political protests. Some regular civic events now held on Martin Place include:
Some recent events which have occurred on the square include:
Appearances in popular cultureFilm
See also{{stack|{{portal|Australian Roads|Sydney}}}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 A city's heart builds on a sense of place {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112140500/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/a-citys-heart-builds-on-a-sense-of-place/2007/09/30/1191090943420.html# |date=12 January 2014 }}, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 October 2007 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2632243377/|title=Moore Street (now Martin Place)|publisher=Powerhouse Museum Collection Photostream|accessdate=4 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405101142/https://www.flickr.com/photos/powerhouse_museum/2632243377/#|archive-date=5 April 2015|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/martin_place# |title=Dictionary of Sydney: Martin Place |access-date=15 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213111443/http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/martin_place# |archive-date=13 December 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^{{cite AHD|1837|Commonwealth Trading Bank Building, 108-120 Pitt St, Sydney, NSW, Australia|accessdate = 2009-04-20}} 5. ^1 {{cite NSW SHR|5045424|General Post Office|hr=00763|fn=S90/03821|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 6. ^1 {{Cite AHD|105509|General Post Office, No. 1 Martin Place, Sydney, NSW|accessdate=13 October 2015 }} 7. ^{{cite web|title=No. 1 Martin Place|url=http://www.westin.com.au/s_fac.html|publisher=The Westin Sydney|accessdate=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706111334/http://www.westin.com.au/s_fac.html#|archive-date=6 July 2007|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5044987|ANZ Bank (former)|hr=00085|fn=10/04561|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 9. ^1 {{cite NSW SHR|5045403|Challis House|hr=00666|fn=S90/03174 & HC 89/0603|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|title= Auditor General's Report to Parliament 2002 Volume Three – University of Sydney|format=pdf|url=http://www.audit.nsw.gov.au/publications/reports/financial/2002/vol3/456_UniversitySydney.pdf|publisher=NSW Auditor General's Department|accessdate=15 July 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070830032411/http://audit.nsw.gov.au/publications/reports/financial/2002/vol3/456_UniversitySydney.pdf |archivedate = 30 August 2007}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Notes on Challis House|publisher=Reference File no. 214|location=Sydney University Archives}} 12. ^{{cite NSW HD|2423842|Former "Commonwealth Bank of Australia Building" including interiors|accessdate=21 May 2018}} 13. ^1 {{cite NSW SHR|5045268|MLC Building (Former)|hr=00597|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 14. ^1 {{cite NSW SHR|5045409|APA Building|hr=00682|fn=S90/03181, HC 33520, 10/20759|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Seven news bunkers down|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/08/30/1093717908508.html|date=30 August 2004|accessdate=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715172457/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/08/30/1093717908508.html#|archive-date=15 July 2007|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/sky-to-go-local-at-news-offices/story-e6frg996-1225782758803|title=Sky to go local at News offices|date=5 October 2009|publisher=The Australian|first=Lara|last=Sinclair|accessdate=7 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823082726/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/sky-to-go-local-at-news-offices/story-e6frg996-1225782758803#|archive-date=23 August 2016|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{cite AHD|105456|Reserve Bank|fn=1/12/036/0432|accessdate=23 September 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Location of the Reserve Bank of Australia|url=http://www.rba.gov.au/AboutTheRBA/rba_map.html|publisher=Reserve Bank of Australia|accessdate=22 March 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070209194736/http://www.rba.gov.au/AboutTheRBA/rba_map.html |archivedate = 9 February 2007}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Location of Sydney Hospital|url=http://www.sesahs.nsw.gov.au/sydhosp/HowToFindUS.asp|publisher=South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service|accessdate=22 March 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061231044150/http://www.sesahs.nsw.gov.au/sydhosp/HowToFindUS.asp |archivedate = 31 December 2006}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=Burberry Opens Sydney Flagship Store|publisher=Yahoo 7|url=http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/marie-claire/fashion/news/article/-/9151334/burberry-opens-sydney-flagship-store/|access-date=7 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318105429/http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/marie-claire/fashion/news/article/-/9151334/burberry-opens-sydney-flagship-store/#|archive-date=18 March 2012|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/ww2/display/23156-commando-memorial|title=Commando Memorial – Monument Australia|author=UBC Web Design|work=monumentaustralia.org.au|access-date=15 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218081729/http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/ww2/display/23156-commando-memorial#|archive-date=18 December 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 22. ^{{cite AHD|105456|Reserve Bank|fn=1/12/036/0432|accessdate=23 September 2018}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=ANZAC Day|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/WhatsOn/html/custom/2234-event-details.asp?EventID=12714|publisher=City of Sydney|accessdate=22 March 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070204133036/http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/WhatsOn/html/custom/2234-event-details.asp?EventID=12714 |archivedate = 4 February 2007}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Martin Place Christmas Concert and Tree Lighting|url=http://www.sydneychristmas.com.au/major-events/martin-place-concert/|publisher=City of Sydney|accessdate=24 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029150506/http://www.sydneychristmas.com.au/major-events/martin-place-concert/#|archive-date=29 October 2011|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=The Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad, Sydney 2000 Volume 1 – Preparing for the Games |publisher=Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games |year=2001 |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2000/2000v1.pdf |format=PDF |pages=p. 177 |accessdate=22 March 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001109071400/http://www.olympics.com/eng/ |archivedate=9 November 2000 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Occupy Sydney protesters vow to return|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-23/occupy-sydney-protesters-vow-to-return/3596192/?site=sydney|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|agency=AAP|date=23 October 2011|accessdate=25 October 2011|quote=Lord Mayor Clover Moore said she was "concerned" about reports of violence. "The city respects the right of people to protest," she said in a release on Sunday. "The city was not informed ... nor gave any direction to the police to act against the protesters early this morning."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213155252/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-23/occupy-sydney-protesters-vow-to-return/3596192/?site=sydney#|archive-date=13 December 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 27. ^{{cite news| title=Sydney Occupy Site Dismantled Again| url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/latest/a/-/newshome/17879013/sydney-occupy-site-dismantled-again/| accessdate=5 July 2013| newspaper=Yahoo!7 News| date=5 July 2013| archive-url=https://archive.is/20130705145304/http://au.news.yahoo.com/latest/a/-/newshome/17879013/sydney-occupy-site-dismantled-again/#| archive-date=5 July 2013| dead-url=no| df=dmy-all}} 28. ^Rebuilding following the Third July 2013 Eviction of Occupy Sydney {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920050820/http://www.occupy-sydney.org/2013/07/rebuilding-following-third-july-2013.html |date=20 September 2013 }}, Occupy Sydney, 9 July 2013 29. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-30473983|title=Sydney siege: Gunman takes hostages in Lindt café|publisher=BBC News Online|date=14 December 2014|accessdate=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215002007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-30473983#|archive-date=15 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Fake Buddhist monks target Martin Place mourners for donations|url=http://www.9news.com.au/national/2014/12/29/19/07/fake-buddhist-monks-targeted-martin-place-siege-crowds-to-ask-for-donations|accessdate=31 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231071608/http://www.9news.com.au/national/2014/12/29/19/07/fake-buddhist-monks-targeted-martin-place-siege-crowds-to-ask-for-donations#|archive-date=31 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^{{Cite web| last1 = Stuart| first1 = Riley| last2 = Malone| first2 = Ursula| title = Tent City stand-off over as homeless community packs up| work = ABC News (Australia)| format = Text| accessdate = 2017-08-27| date = 2017-08-11| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-11/tent-city-standoff-over-as-homeless-residents-pack-up/8796952| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825215924/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-11/tent-city-standoff-over-as-homeless-residents-pack-up/8796952#| archive-date = 25 August 2017| dead-url = no| df = dmy-all}} 32. ^{{cite news|title=Stunt chopper flies into real-life film set in Sydney CBD|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/07/07/1025667089319.html|publisher=APP|date=8 July 2002|accessdate=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117124344/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/07/07/1025667089319.html#|archive-date=17 November 2007|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 33. ^{{cite news|title=Sydney a star as Superman Returns|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=105964|publisher=APP|date=10 June 2006|accessdate=22 March 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605085644/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=105964|archivedate=5 June 2011|df=dmy-all}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=The New Mole|url=http://seven.com.au/sunrise/moreinfo_mole|publisher=Sunrise|accessdate=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905005048/http://seven.com.au/sunrise/moreinfo_mole#|archive-date=5 September 2007|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=This Week's Roadblock|url=http://www.cbs.com/primetime/amazing_race2/show/episode08/route_roadblock.shtml|publisher=The Amazing Race 2|accessdate=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230336/http://www.cbs.com/primetime/amazing_race2/show/episode08/route_roadblock.shtml#|archive-date=30 September 2007|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 36. ^{{cite web|title=Still shot of Dave Lepeska walking through Martin Place|url=http://www.cbs.com/primetime/amazing_race2/show/episode08/gallery/gallery_11.shtml|publisher=The Amazing Race 2|accessdate=22 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235913/http://www.cbs.com/primetime/amazing_race2/show/episode08/gallery/gallery_11.shtml#|archive-date=30 September 2007|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} External links{{Attached KML|display=title, inline}}{{commons category|Martin Place, Sydney}}
4 : Streets in Sydney|Pedestrian malls in Sydney|Martin Place|Squares in Sydney |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。