| 词条 | Martinus J. G. Veltman |
| 释义 |
|name = Martinus Veltman |image = Martinus Veltman.jpg |caption = Martinus Veltman in 2005 |birth_name = Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|6|27|df=yes}} |birth_place = Waalwijk, Netherlands |nationality = Netherlands |fields = Physics |workplaces = {{ubl|University of Michigan-Ann Arbor|Utrecht University}} |alma_mater = Utrecht University |doctoral_students = {{ubl|Gerardus 't Hooft|Peter van Nieuwenhuizen|Bernard de Wit}} |awards = Nobel Prize in physics (1999) }} Martinus Justinus Godefriedus "Tini" Veltman ({{IPA-nl|mɑrˈtinʏʃʏsˈtinʏs xoːdəˈfridʏs ˈtini ˈvɛltmɑn}};[1] born 27 June 1931) is a Dutch theoretical physicist. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in physics with his former student Gerardus 't Hooft for their work on particle theory. BiographyMartinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman was born in Waalwijk, Netherlands on 27 June 1931. His father was the head of the local primary school. Three of his father's siblings were primary school teachers. His mother's father was a contractor and also ran a café. He was the fourth child in a family with six children. He started studying mathematics and physics at Utrecht University in 1948.[2] As a youth he had a great interest in radio electronics, which was a difficult hobby to work on because the occupying German army had confiscated most of the available radio equipment.[2] In 1955, he became an assistant to Prof. Michels of the Van Der Waals laboratory in Amsterdam. Michels was an experimental physicist, working in high pressure physics. His primary task was the upkeep of a large library collection and occasional lecture preparations for Michels. His research career advanced when he moved to Utrecht to work under Leon Van Hove in 1955. He received his MSc degree in 1956, after which he was drafted into military service for two years, returning in February 1959. Van Hove then hired him as a doctoral researcher, even though he was now 27 years old. He obtained his PhD degree in theoretical physics in 1963 and became professor at Utrecht University in 1966.[2] In 1960, Van Hove became director of the theory division at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, the European High Energy laboratory. Veltman followed him there in 1961. Meanwhile, in 1960, he married his wife Anneke, who gave birth to their daughter Hélène in the Netherlands, before moving to Geneva to live with Martinus. Hélène followed in her father's footsteps and in due time completed her particle physics thesis with Mary Gaillard at Berkeley, though she now works in the financial industry in London.[2] In 1963/64, during an extended stay at SLAC he designed the computer program Schoonschip for symbolic manipulation of mathematical equations, which is now considered the very first computer algebra system. Veltman was closely involved in the 1963 CERN neutrino experiment, analyzing images as they were generated by the detectors. When no spectacular events came out, enthusiasm waned, and after a while Veltman and Bernardini were the only ones analyzing the images. As a result, Veltman became the spokesman for the group at the Brookhaven Conference in 1963.[2] In 1971, Gerardus 't Hooft, who was completing his PhD under the supervision of Veltman, renormalized Yang–Mills theory. They showed that if the symmetries of Yang–Mills theory were to be realized in the spontaneously broken mode, referred to as the Higgs mechanism, then Yang–Mills theory can be renormalized.[3][4] Renormalization of Yang–Mills theory is a major achievement of twentieth century physics. In 1980, Veltman became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[5] In 1981, Veltman left Utrecht University for the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor,[6] from where he retired in 1996. [7]Eventually, he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1999 with 't Hooft, "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics".[2] Veltman and 't Hooft joined in the celebrations at Utrecht University when the prize was awarded. Veltman holds a position of Emeritus Professor at the University of Michigan. Asteroid 9492 Veltman is named in his honor. In 2003, Veltman published a book about particle physics for a broad audience, entitled Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics. Bibliography
References1. ^In isolation, Martinus, Justinus and Godefriedus are pronounced {{IPA-nl|mɑrˈtinʏs|}}, {{IPA-nl|jʏsˈtinʏs|}} and {{IPA-nl|ɣoːdəˈfridʏs|}}. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last1=Veltman|first1=Martinus|title=Autobiography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1999/veltman.html|website=Nobel Prizes and Laureates}} 3. ^{{cite journal | author=G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman | title=Regularization and Renormalization of Gauge Fields | journal=Nuclear Physics B | volume=44 | issue=1 | year=1972 | pages=189–219 |bibcode = 1972NuPhB..44..189T |doi = 10.1016/0550-3213(72)90279-9 }} 4. ^Regularization and Renormalization of Gauge Fields by 't Hooft and Veltman (PDF) 5. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/members/8030 |title=Martinus Veltman |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |accessdate=30 July 2015}} 6. ^Martinus J. G. Veltman 7. ^[https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/martinus-justinus-godefriedus-veltman/ Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman] External links{{commonscat|Martinus Veltman}}{{wikiquote}}
20 : Dutch physicists|Particle physicists|Theoretical physicists|1931 births|Living people|Dutch Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates in Physics|People associated with CERN|Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion|Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences|University of Michigan faculty|Utrecht University alumni|Utrecht University faculty|People from Waalwijk|Scientists from Michigan|20th-century American scientists|20th-century physicists|21st-century physicists |
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