| 词条 | Mary Haas |
| 释义 |
| name = Mary R. Haas | image = Mary Rosamund Haas.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|1|23}} | birth_place = Richmond, Indiana | death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|5|17|1910|1|12}} | death_place = Alameda County, California | occupation = Linguist | known_for = Training linguists; work in North American Indian languages; work in Thai, and historical linguistics. | spouse = {{Plainlist|
}} | awards = Honorary doctorates from:{{Plainlist|
}} | education = Ph.D. in linguistics, Yale University, 1935 |alma_mater={{Plainlist|
}}|thesis_title=A Grammar of the Tunica Language|thesis_year=1935|doctoral_advisor=Edward Sapir|discipline=Linguist|sub_discipline=Historical linguistics, Language documentation|workplaces=University of California, Berkeley|main_interests=Native American languages, Thai}} Mary Rosamond Haas[1] (January 23, 1910 – May 17, 1996) was an American linguist who specialized in North American Indian languages, Thai, and historical linguistics. Early lifeHaas was born in Richmond, Indiana.[2] She attended high school and Earlham College in Richmond.[3] Early work in linguisticsHaas undertook graduate work on comparative philology at the University of Chicago. She studied under Edward Sapir, whom she would follow to Yale. She began a long career in linguistic fieldwork, studying various languages during the summer months.[3] Over the ten-year period from 1931 to 1941, Haas studied the Wakashan language, Nitinat (Ditidaht), as well as a number of languages which were mainly originally spoken in the American southeast: Tunica, Natchez, Creek, Koasati, Choctaw, Alabama, and Hichiti. Her first published paper, A Visit to the Other World, a Nitinat Text, written in collaboration with Morris Swadesh, was published in 1933.[4][5] She completed her PhD in linguistics at Yale University in 1935 at age 25, with a dissertation titled A Grammar of the Tunica Language.[6] In the 1930s, Haas worked with the last native speaker of Tunica, Sesostrie Youchigant, producing extensive texts and vocabularies.[7] Shortly after, Haas conducted fieldwork with Watt Sam and Nancy Raven, the last two native speakers of the Natchez language in Oklahoma.[8] Her extensive unpublished field notes have constituted the most reliable source of information on the now dead language. She conducted extensive fieldwork on the Creek language, and was the first modern linguist to collect extensive texts in the language.[9] Her Creek texts were published after her death in a volumed edited and translated by Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin, and Juanita McGirt.[10][11] Marriage and familyShe married Morris Swadesh, a fellow linguist, in 1931. They divorced in 1937.[3] Career at the University of California-BerkeleyDuring World War II, the United States government viewed the study and teaching of Southeast Asian languages as important to the war effort,[12] and under the auspices of the Army Specialized Training Program at the University of California at Berkeley, Haas developed a program to teach the Thai language.[13] Her authoritative Thai-English Students' Dictionary, published in 1964, is still in use.[14] In 1948, she was appointed assistant professor of Thai and Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley Department of Oriental Languages, an appointment she attributed to Peter A. Boodberg, whom she described as "ahead of his time in the way he treated women scholars—a scholar was a scholar in his book"[7]). She became one of the founding members of the UC-Berkeley Department of Linguistics when it was established in 1953. She was a long-term chair of the department, and she was Director of the Survey of California Indian Languages at Berkeley from 1953-1977.[15] She retired from Berkeley in 1977, and in 1984 she was elected a Berkeley Fellow.[16] Mary Haas died at her home in Berkeley, California, on May 17, 1996, age 86.[3] Role in teachingHaas was noted for her dedication to teaching linguistics, and to the role of the linguist in language instruction. Her student Karl V. Teeter pointed out in his obituary of Haas[17] that she trained more Americanist linguists than her former instructors Edward Sapir and Franz Boas combined: she supervised fieldwork in Americanist linguistics by more than 100 doctoral students. As a founder and director of the Survey of California Indian Languages,[18] she advised nearly fifty dissertations, including those of many linguists who would go on to be influential in the field, including William Bright (Karok), William Shipley (Maidu), Robert Oswalt (Kashaya), Karl Teeter (Wiyot), Catherine Callahan (Penutian), Margaret Langdon (Diegueño), Sally McLendon (Eastern Pomo), Victor Golla (Hupa), Marc Okrand (Mutsun), Kenneth Whistler (Proto-Wintun), Douglas Parks (Pawnee and Arikara), William Jacobsen (Washo), and others. HonorsIn 1963 Haas served as president of the Linguistic Society of America.[19] She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1964.[20] She was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974,[21] and she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1978.[22] She received honorary doctorates from Northwestern University in 1975, the University of Chicago in 1976, Earlham College, 1980, and the Ohio State University in 1980.[2][15] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.Ms.Coll.94-ead.xml|title=Mary Rosamond Haas papers|last=|first=|date=|website=American Philosophical Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-05-09}} 2. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/haas-mary.pdf|title=Mary R. Haas: 1910–1996|last=Pike|first=Kenneth L.|publisher=National Academies Press|year=1999|isbn=|location=Washington, DC|pages=4}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Golla|first=Victor|last2=Matisoff|first2=James A.|last3=Munro|first3=Pamela|date=1997|title=Mary R. Haas|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/452986/summary|journal=Language|volume=73|issue=4|pages=826–837|doi=10.1353/lan.1997.0056|issn=1535-0665}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Turner|first=Katherine|date=Winter 1997|title=Mary R. Haas: Teacher|journal=Anthropological Linguistics|volume=39|issue=4|pages=544–549|jstor=30028485}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Swadesh|first=Mary Haas|last2=Swadesh|first2=Morris|date=1933|title=A Visit to the Other World, a Nitinat Text (With Translation and Grammatical Analysis)|jstor=1262949|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=7|issue=3/4|pages=195–208|doi=10.1086/463803}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|last=Falk|first=Julia S.|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|year=2005|isbn=9781579583910|location=|pages=429–431}} 7. ^1 {{Cite journal| volume = 39| issue = 4| pages = 522–543| last = McLendon| first = S.| title = Mary R. Haas: A Life in Linguistics| jstor=30028484|journal = Anthropological Linguistics| year = 1997}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Language|last=Kimball|first=Geoffrey|publisher=UNC Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8078-5806-6|location=|pages=98}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.Ms.Coll.94-ead.xml;query=Mary%20Haas;brand=default|title=Mary Rosamond Haas papers, ca. 1910-1996|last=Haas|first=Mary R.|access-date=2017-12-21}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://muskogee.blogs.wm.edu/haas-hill-texts/|title=Haas/Hill texts - Muskogee (Seminole/Creek) Documentation Project|work=Muskogee (Seminole/Creek) Documentation Project|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US}} 11. ^{{Cite book|title=Creek (Muskogee) Texts|last=Haas|first=Mary R.|publisher=University of California|year=2015|isbn=9780520286429|location=|pages=}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://sealang.net/thai/matisoff.htm |title=Remembering Mary Haas' s Work on Thai|author=James A. Matisoff |website= |accessdate=}} 13. ^{{Cite book | last=Shipley | first=William | authorlink= William Shipley (linguist) | title=In Honour of Mary Haas: From the Haas Festival Conference on Native American Linguistics | publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co | location= | isbn=978-3-11-011165-1 | pages=| year=1988 }} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Haas|first1=Mary R.|title=Thai-English Student's Dictionary|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Palo Alto|date=1964-06-01|isbn=978-0804705677}} 15. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|last=Falk|first=Julia S.|publisher=|year=2005|isbn=|location=|pages=430}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/survey-reports/survey-report-10.08-emeneau.pdf|title=Mary Haas and Berkeley Linguistics|last=Emeneau|first=M. B.|date=|website=|access-date=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ogmios.org/310.htm|title=Mary Haas Obituary|last=Teeter|first=Karl|authorlink=Karl V. Teeter|date=1996-08-31|work=Iatiku|publisher=Foundation for Endangered Languages|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824220100/http://www.ogmios.org/310.htm|archivedate=2007-08-24|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2008-04-26|df=}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=In Honour of Mary Haas|last=Shipley|first=William|publisher=Walter de Gruyter & Co|year=1988|isbn=978-3-11-011165-1|location=}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.linguisticsociety.org/about/who-we-are/presidents|title=Presidents {{!}} Linguistic Society of America|website=www.linguisticsociety.org|access-date=2017-12-21}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/mary-r-haas/|title=Mary Haas Guggenheim Fellow|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterH.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=July 25, 2014}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001385.html?referrer=https://www.google.se/|title=Mary Haas|last=http://www.nasonline.org|first=National Academy of Sciences -|website=www.nasonline.org|access-date=2017-12-21}} External links
27 : 1910 births|1996 deaths|People from Richmond, Indiana|Linguists from the United States|Women linguists|Historical linguists|Linguists of Southeast Asian languages|University of California, Berkeley faculty|Yale University alumni|University of Chicago alumni|Earlham College alumni|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Guggenheim Fellows|Women lexicographers|20th-century women scientists|20th-century American women writers|20th-century American non-fiction writers|20th-century American scientists|Linguists of Algic languages|Linguists of Siouan languages|Linguists of Muskogean languages|Paleolinguists|Linguists of Kra–Dai languages|Linguists of Wakashan languages|Linguistic Society of America presidents|American women non-fiction writers|20th-century linguists |
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