“Salient (geography)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Salient (geography)

释义

Origin
Country-level salients
Africa Americas Asia Europe
Subnational salients
Subnational salients in Africa Subnational salients in the Americas Panhandles in the United States Subnational salients in Asia Subnational salients in Europe Subnational salients in Oceania
See also
References

A salient is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state.

While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends out from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.

In American English the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extension of Oklahoma. Less common descriptors include chimney (if protruding northward, as a chimney does from a roof, as with the northernmost extremity of West Virginia) and bootheel (if protruding southward, as the heel underneath a boot, such as the Missouri Bootheel).

Origin

The term salient is derived from military salients. The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan, and its use is generally confined to the United States.

The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, though the location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties or topography.

Country-level salients

Africa

Cibitoke Province, Burundi
Far North Region, Cameroon
Congo Pedicle, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Southern Red Sea Region, Eritrea
Gambela Region, Ethiopia
Nimba County, Liberia
Nsanje District, Malawi
Kayes Region, Mali
Azawad, Mali
Tete Province, Mozambique
Caprivi Strip, Namibia
Casamance, Senegal
Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa
Blue Nile, Sudan
Wadi Halfa Salient, Sudan
Kagera Region, Tanzania

Americas

Misiones, Argentina
Roraima, Brazil
Southeast Ontario, Canada
Tatshenshini-Alsek Park{{Clarify|date=December 2009}}, British Columbia, Canada
Amazon Trapezium, Amazonas, Colombia
Southeast Guainía Department, Colombia
Yavarate, Vaupés Department, Colombia
Petén, Guatemala
Tumbes Region, Peru
Southeast Alaska, Alaska, United States (see also Panhandles in the United States)
Amazonas, Venezuela

Asia

Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan
Chittagong, Bangladesh
Rangpur, Bangladesh
Tanintharyi Region, Burma (Myanmar)
Parrot's Beak, Cambodia
Louroujina Salient, Cyprus
Seven Sister States, India (largest in the world)
Sikkim, India
Jerusalem corridor, Israel
Galilee Panhandle, Israel
Mafraq Governorate, Jordan
Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan
Batken, Kyrgyzstan
Phongsaly Province, Laos
North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng, and Ryanggang, together comprise the "panhandle" of North Korea{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}{{Who|date=September 2010}}
Primorsky Krai, Russia
Sughd, Tajikistan
Southern Thailand, Thailand
Hatay Province, Turkey
Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan
Tây Ninh Province, Vietnam

Europe

Syunik, Armenia
Tyrol and Vorarlberg together comprise the western "panhandle" of Austria
West-Flanders, Belgium
Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vidin Province, Bulgaria
Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia
Cheb District, Czech Republic
Šluknov Hook, Czech Republic
Laatre, Viljandi County, Estonia
Enontekiö, Finland
Charleville-Mézières, France
Kakheti, Georgia
Western Thrace, Greece
Donegal, Ireland
Monaghan, Ireland
Province of Trieste, Italy
Dieveniškės Appendix, Lithuania
Briceni District, Moldova
Castelré, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands
Limburg, the Netherlands
Bogatynia, Poland
Bryansk Oblast, Russia
Galicia, Spain
Canton of Geneva, Switzerland
Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland
Bernina, Inn, Lugano, Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts, Switzerland
Budjak, Ukraine
Wrexham County Borough, Wales (United Kingdom)

Subnational salients

The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.

Subnational salients in Africa

Tafraoui, Oran Province, Algeria
Southwestern Saïda Province, Algeria
Northeastern Bié Province, Angola
Eastern Kgalagadi District, Botswana
Balé Province, Boucle du Mouhoun Region, Burkina Faso
Kouritenga Province, Centre-Est Region, Burkina Faso
Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Northern Muyinga Province, Burundi
Okoyo District, Cuvette Department, Republic of the Congo
Kimongo District, Niari Department, Republic of the Congo
Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province, Equatorial Guinea
Sitti Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Haut-Komo Department, Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon
Upper Denkyira West District, Central Region, Ghana
Télimélé Prefecture, Kindia Region, Guinea
Northeast Mamou Prefecture, Mamou Region, Guinea
Western Isiolo County, Kenya
Eastern Al Wahat District, Libya
Southern Mzimba District, Northern Region, Malawi
Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region, Mauritania
Boumdeid Department, Assaba Region, Mauritania
Southeastern Tete Province, Mozambique
Gossas Department, Fatick Region, Senegal
Southern Uvinza District, Kigoma Region, Tanzania
Babati, Hanang, and Mbulu Districts, Manyara Region, Tanzania
Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe

Subnational salients in the Americas

Southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Luis Calvo, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia
Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia
Whale Coast, Bahia, Brazil
Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil
Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Northwestern British Columbia, Canada
Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region, Chile
San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region, Chile
Santander Department northern tip, Colombia
Southeastern Cauca Department, Colombia
Urabá region, Antioquia Department, Colombia
Western Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica
Guamá, Santiago de Cuba Province, Cuba
Southern Hato Mayor Province, Dominican Republic
Southern Samaná Province, Dominican Republic
Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province, Ecuador
Southeastern Napo Province, Ecuador
Balzar and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province, Ecuador
Southern San Miguel Department, El Salvador
Northern East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana
Norte, Jalisco, Mexico
Eastern Tabasco, Mexico
Southeastern Zacatecas, Mexico
Southern Zacatecas, Mexico
Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama
Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province, Panama
Mariato District, Veraguas Province, Panama
Northern Tapanahony, Sipaliwini District, Suriname
Páez, Apure, Venezuela
Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela
Arismendi Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela

Panhandles in the United States


State	Largest city	Population	Area (sq mi)	Area (km²)	Population density (per sq mi)	Population density (/km²)
Alaska	Juneau	71,616	35,138	35138\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	2	2\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Connecticut	Stamford	224,284	96	96\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	2,336	2,336\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Florida^*	Tallahassee	1,407,925	11,304	11,304\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	125	125\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Idaho	Coeur d'Alene	317,751	21,013	21,013\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	15	15\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Maryland^†	Frederick	492,950	2,194	2,194\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	225	225\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Nebraska	Scottsbluff	87,789	14,258	14,258\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	6	6\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Oklahoma	Guymon	28,751	5,687	5,687\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	5	5\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Texas	Amarillo	427,927	25,887	25,887\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	17	17\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Eastern West Virginia	Martinsburg	261,041	3,499	3,499 \|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	75	75\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}
Northern West Virginia	Wheeling	132,295	601	601\|sqmi\|km2\|disp=number}}	220	220\|PD/sqmi\|disp=number}}

^* This definition includes the following counties: Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.

^† This definition includes the following counties: Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington

Many people in the Pacific Northwest refer to the extreme northern section of Idaho's panhandle as "The Chimney", due to its resemblance to a chimney when viewed on maps.{{Citation needed|date=October 2013}}

Although Utah, like Nebraska, has a protrusion from its otherwise straight border, it is not usually considered a panhandle, as half of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, the most populous region in the state and the home of the state's capital, is located in the region. Likewise, though New York has a southern protrusion that is more conspicuous than e.g. the Connecticut, Texas and Nebraska Panhandles, this is never considered a panhandle since it accommodates the most densely populated parts of the state. (In New York's case, its irregular shape leaves certain regions up for debate. From a different perspective, that region is part of the New York mainland while a western salient juts out.) Thus, the concept of a panhandle may not be purely geographic but may also have a demographic component.

The six northwest Cook County, Illinois townships, outside of Chicago.^[1]
The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway was often called the Panhandle, as it crossed the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia.
The San Francisco Panhandle, California
Northern part of Lancaster County, South Carolina

Subnational salients in Asia

Wakhan District, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
Nawa District, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan
Chishti Sharif District, Herat Province, Afghanistan
Eastern Sarpang District, Bhutan
Northern Mandalay Division, Burma
Eastern Chuzhou, Anhui, China PR
Western Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, China PR
Jiuquan, Pingliang and Qingyang, Gansu, China PR
Daxing'anling Prefecture, Heilongjiang, China PR
Zhaotong, Yunnan, China PR
Koraput and Malkangiri districts, Odisha, India
Kota division, Rajasthan, India
Southern Jhansi division, Uttar Pradesh, India
Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran
Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
Southern Yazd Province, Iran
Wadi Araba Department, Aqaba Governorate, Jordan
Russeifa Department, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan
Southwest Panfilov District, Chuy Region, Kyrgyzstan
Chong-Alay District, Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan
Nabatieh District, Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon
Eastern Achham District, Far-Western Region, Nepal
Western Surkhet District, Mid-Western Region, Nepal
Bannu, Karak, and Kohat Divisions, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Eastern Maguindanao, Philippines
Makati City, Philippines
Trincomalee District, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama Governorate, Syria
Darvoz District, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan
Western Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
South Jakarta, Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok, West Java, Indonesia.

Subnational salients in Europe

Southern Gmunden, Upper Austria, Austria
Frederikshavn Municipality, North Denmark Region, Denmark
Parikkala, South Karelia, Finland
Ruokolahti, South Karelia, Finland
Varkaus, Pohjois-Savo, Finland
Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany
Osnabrück District and City, Lower Saxony, Germany
Altenburger Land, Thuringia, Germany
Northern Pest County, Hungary
Clonlisk, County Offaly, Leinster, Ireland
Province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy
Raseiniai District Municipality, Kaunas County, Lithuania
Rivierenland, Gelderland, the Netherlands
Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, the Netherlands
Mourão, Évora District, Portugal
Vorkuta District, Komi Republic, Russia
Diessenhofen, Schlatt bei Diessenhofen, and Basadingen-Schlattingen, Frauenfeld District, Thurgau, Switzerland
Monthey District, Valais, Switzerland
Buckfastleigh, Teignbridge, United Kingdom
Ceiriog Valley, Wrexham County Borough, Wales, United Kingdom
Western New Forest District, Hampshire, United Kingdom
Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
North Cornwall, Cornwall, United Kingdom
South Staffordshire, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
The area around Tring, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Subnational salients in Oceania

Northeastern Nadroga-Navosa Province, Western Division, Fiji
Southern Anetan District, Nauru
Rangitaiki River Valley, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand
Hunter River Valley, Otago region, New Zealand
Upper Rangitata Valley, Timaru District, New Zealand
Upper Waitaki Valley, Waitaki District, New Zealand
Northeastern West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://users.rcn.com/clonk/CCFPD/RecreationMap/facilities.html |title=Cook County Forest Preserve District Recreational Facilities |publisher=Users.rcn.com |date= |accessdate=2012-11-15}}

1 : Political geography

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