“Salivary gland tumour”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Salivary gland tumours usually present as a lump or swelling in the affected gland which may or may not have been present for a long time. The lump may be accompanied by symptoms of duct blockage (e.g. xerostomia). Usually, in their early stages it is not possible to distinguish a benign tumour from a malignant one. One of the key differentiating symptoms of a malignant growth is nerve involvement; for example, signs of facial nerve damage (e.g facial palsy) are associated with malignant parotid tumours. Facial pain and paraesthesia are also very often associated with malignant tumours.^[2] Other red flag symptoms which may suggest malignancy and warrant further investigation are fixation of the lump to the overlying skin, ulceration and induration of the mucosa.^[3]

Diagnosis

There are many diagnostic methods that can be used to determine the type of salivary gland tumour and if it is benign or malignant. Examples of diagnostic methods include:

Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health. The head, neck, mouth, and throat will be checked for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.

Endoscopy: A procedure to look at organs and tissues inside the body to check for abnormal areas. For salivary gland cancer, an endoscope is inserted into the mouth to look at the mouth, throat, and larynx. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing.

Classification

Due to the diverse nature of salivary gland tumours, many different terms and classification systems have been used. Perhaps the most widely used currently is that system proposed by the World Health Organization in 2004, which classifies salivary neoplasms as primary or secondary, benign or malignant, and also by tissue of origin. This system defines five broad categories of salivary gland neoplasms:^[7]^[8]

Treatment

Most patients with early-stage lesions that are resectable generally tend to undergo surgery as their initial therapeutic approach, whereas those with advanced or unresectable cancers tend to be treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which hampered the comparison of the efficacy of RT alone with that of surgery combined with adjuvant RT. But some effort had been made to reflect the role of surgery in salivary gland tumours.

Epidemiology

Little is known about the total incidence of salivary gland tumours as most benign tumours go unrecorded in national cancer registries.^[2] The majority of salivary tumours are benign (65-70%).^[3] Within the parotid gland 75 - 80% of tumours are benign. Around 50% of the tumours found in the submandibular glands are benign. Sublingual gland tumours are very rare but if present, they are most likely to be malignant.^[14]^[15]

In the United States, salivary gland cancers are uncommon with an incidence rate of 1.7 in 100000 between 2009 and 2013.^[16]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|author1=Shah JP|author2=Patel SG|title=Cancer of the Head and Neck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GLYBpuBQ7IC|year=2001|publisher=PMPH-USA|isbn=978-1-55009-084-0|page=240}}
2. ^¹{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/960030340|title=Cawson's essentials of oral pathology and oral medicine|last=Odell|first=Edward W.|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2017|isbn=0702049824|edition=Ninth|location=[Edinburgh]|pages=|oclc=960030340}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.medicinenet.com/salivary_gland_cancer/article.htm |title= Salivary Gland Cancer |author= |date= |website=MedicineNet |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}
4. ^Vaishali H Anand et al. FNAC and Histopathology of Salivary Gland Tumors. SEAJCRR. 2014 Feb 3(1):609-618
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.slideshare.net/mutneja1/salivary-gland-tumors-59199908 |title=Salivary Gland Tumors |last=Mounika |first=C|date= |website=SlideShare|publisher= |access-date= }}
6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee YY, Wong KT, King AD, Ahuja AT | title = Imaging of salivary gland tumours | journal = Eur J Radiol | volume = 66 | issue = 3 | pages = 419–36 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18337041 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.01.027 }}
7. ^¹{{cite book|author=Barnes L|title=Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrxTAAAACAAJ|edition=3rd|volume=1|date=23 December 2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8493-9023-4|page=511}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=Barnes L|title=Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours|url=http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb9/bb9-chap5.pdf|year=2005|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-2417-4|page=210|chapter=Chapter 5: Tumors of the salivary glands (chapter authors: Eveson JW, Auclair P, Gnepp DR, El-Naggar AK)}}
9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Douglas JG, Koh WJ, Austin-Seymour M, Laramore GE | title = Treatment of salivary gland neoplasms with fast neutron radiotherapy | journal = Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. | volume = 129 | issue = 9 | pages = 944–8 | date = September 2003 | pmid = 12975266 | doi = 10.1001/archotol.129.9.944 }}
10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Laramore GE, Krall JM, Griffin TW, Duncan W, Richter MP, Saroja KR, Maor MH, Davis LW | title = Neutron versus photon irradiation for unresectable salivary gland tumors: final report of an RTOG-MRC randomized clinical trial. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Medical Research Council | journal = Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 235–40 | date = September 1993 | pmid = 8407397 }}
11. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Krüll A, Schwarz R, Engenhart R, Huber P, Lessel A, Koppe H, Favre A, Breteau N, Auberger T | title = European results in neutron therapy of malignant salivary gland tumors | journal = Bull Cancer Radiother | volume = 83 Suppl | issue = | pages = 125–9s | date = 1996 | pmid = 8949764 }}
12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Creagan|first1=ET|last2=Woods|first2=JE|last3=Schutt|first3=AJ|last4=O'Fallon|first4=JR|title=Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in the treatment of advanced nonsquamous cell head and neck cancer.|journal=Cancer|date=1 December 1983|volume=52|issue=11|pages=2007–10|pmid=6684986}}
13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Mino M, Pilch BZ, Faquin WC | title = Expression of KIT (CD117) in neoplasms of the head and neck: an ancillary marker for adenoid cystic carcinoma | journal = Mod. Pathol. | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | pages = 1224–31 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14681323 | doi = 10.1097/01.MP.0000096046.42833.C7 }}
14. ^¹²{{Cite journal|last=Mehanna|first=Hisham|last2=McQueen|first2=Andrew|last3=Robinson|first3=Max|last4=Paleri|first4=Vinidh|date=2012-10-23|title=Salivary gland swellings|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6794|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=345|pages=e6794|doi=10.1136/bmj.e6794|issn=1756-1833|pmid=23092898}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/salivary-gland-cancer/about|title=About salivary gland cancer {{!}} Salivary gland cancer {{!}} Cancer Research UK|website=www.cancerresearchuk.org|language=en|access-date=2017-11-17}}
16. ^{{Cite book|title=Cancer Facts and Figures 2017, Special Section: Rare Cancer in Adults|last=American Cancer Society|first=|publisher=American Cancer Society|year=2017|isbn=|location=Atlanta|pages=}}