| 词条 | Salt Spring Island |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Salt Spring Island |native_name = |other_name = |settlement_type = Island |image_skyline = Saltspring Island1.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Ganges Harbour on Salt Spring island |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = Gulf Islands map.png |mapsize = |map_caption = The Southern Gulf Islands, including Salt Spring Island. |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW= |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Canada |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_type2 = Regional District |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name1 = British Columbia |subdivision_name2 = Capital |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = MP |leader_name = Elizabeth May (Green) |leader_title1 = MLA |leader_name1 = Adam Olsen (GRN) |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = 182.7 |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |population_total = 10,557 |population_as_of = 2016 Census |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = 57.78 |population_density_sq_mi = 149.74 |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_note = |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area |postal_code = V8K |area_code = |website = |footnotes = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |timezone = PST |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = }} Salt Spring Island (also known as Saltspring Island) is one of the Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia between mainland British Columbia, Canada and Vancouver Island.[2]The island was initially inhabited by various Salishan peoples before being settled by pioneers in 1859, at which time it was officially called Admiral Island. It was the first of the Gulf Islands to be settled and the first agricultural settlement on the islands in the Colony of Vancouver Island, as well as the first island in the region to permit settlers to acquire land through pre-emption. The island was retitled to its current name in 1910.[3] Salt Spring Island is the largest, most populous, and the most frequently visited of the Southern Gulf Islands. HistorySalt Spring Island, or xʷənen̕əč, was initially inhabited by Salishan peoples of various tribes.[4][4] Other Saanich placenames on the island include: t̕θəsnaʔəŋ̕ (Beaver Point), čəw̕een (Cape Keppel), xʷən̕en̕əč (Fulford Harbour), and syaxʷt (Ganges Harbour).[4] The island became a refuge from racism for African Americans who had resided in California.[5] They left California in 1858 after the state passed discriminatory legislation against blacks. Several of the families settled on this island; others on Vancouver Island. Before the emigration, Mifflin Wistar Gibbs traveled with two other men up to the colony to interview Governor James Douglas about what kind of treatment they could expect there. The Governor was a Guyanese man of multi-ethnic birth, and assured them that people of African descent in Canada would be fairly treated and that the colony had abolished slavery more than 20 years before. The island was the first of the Gulf Islands to be settled by non-First Nations people. According to 1988's A Victorian Missionary and Canadian Indian Policy, it was the first agricultural settlement established anywhere in the Colony of Vancouver Island that was not owned by the Hudson's Bay Company or its subsidiary the Pugets Sound Agricultural Company.[6][7] Salt Spring Island was the first in the Colony of Vancouver Island and British Columbia to allow settlers to acquire land through pre-emption: settlers could occupy and improve the land before purchase, being permitted to buy it at a cost per acre of one dollar after proving they had done so.[8] Before 1871 (when the merged Colony of British Columbia joined Canada), all property acquired on Salt Spring Island was purchased in this way; between 1871 and 1881, it was still by far the primary method of land acquisition, accounting for 96% of purchases.[8] As a result, the history of early settlers on Salt Spring Island is unusually detailed.[9] Demographically, early settlers of the island included not only African Americans, but also (largely) English and British Isles settlers, including Irish and Scottish, as well as aboriginal and Hawaiian.[10] The method of land purchase helped to ensure that the land was used for agricultural purposes and that the settlers were mostly families.[11] Ruth Wells Sandwell in Beyond the City Limit indicates that few of the island's early residents were commercial farmers, with most families maintaining subsistence plots and supplementing through other activities, including fishing, logging and working for the colony's government.[12] Some families later abandoned their land as a result of lack of civic services on the island or other factors, such as the livestock-killing cold of the winter of 1862.[13] During the 1960s, the island became a political refuge for United States citizens, this time for draft evaders during the Vietnam War.[17] The island's nameThe island was known as "Chuan" or "Chouan" Island in 1854, but it was also called "Salt Spring" as early as 1855, because of the island's salt springs.[14] In 1859, it was officially named "Admiralty Island" in honour of Rear-Admiral Robert Lambert Baynes by surveyor Captain Richards, who named various points of the island in honour of the Rear-Admiral and his flagship, HMS Ganges.[14] Even while named "Admiralty Island", it was referred to popularly as Salt Spring, as in James Richardson's report for the Geological Survey of Canada in 1872.[6][15] According to records of the Geographic Board of Canada, the island was officially retitled Saltspring on March 1, 1910,[14] though the year 1905 is given by unofficial sources.[6] According to the Integrated Land Management Bureau of British Columbia, locals incline equally to Salt Spring and Saltspring for current use.[14] The official chamber of commerce website for the island, which gives a date of 1906 for the renaming, adopts the two word title, stating that the Geographic Board of Canada, in choosing the one word name, "cared nothing for local opinion or Island tradition."[25] Geography and localeLocated between Mainland British Columbia and Vancouver Island, Salt Spring Island is the most frequently visited of the Gulf Islands as well as the most populous, with a 2016 census population of 10,557 inhabitants.[16] The largest village on the island is Ganges. The island is known for its artists.[17][18] In addition to Canadian dollars, island banks and most island businesses accept Salt Spring's own local currency, the Salt Spring dollar.[19][20] The island is part of the Southern Gulf Islands, (Salt Spring Island, Galiano Island, Pender Island, Saturna Island, Mayne Island), which are all part of the Capital Regional District, along with the municipalities of Greater Victoria. Salt Spring Island's highest point of elevation is Bruce Peak, which according to topographic data from Natural Resources Canada is just over {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} above sea level. {{wide image|Panoramic view of Fulford Harbour, Salt Spring Island..jpg|1000px|align-cap=center| Fulford Harbour, Saltspring Island, from Musgrave Road|alt=Panorama of Fulford Harbour, Salt Spring Island}}Climate{{Weather box |location = Saltspring Island (St. Mary's Lake) 1981–2010 normals |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 14.0 |Feb record high C = 15.0 |Mar record high C = 19.5 |Apr record high C = 25.5 |May record high C = 29.5 |Jun record high C = 31.5 |Jul record high C = 33.5 |Aug record high C = 32.0 |Sep record high C = 31.5 |Oct record high C = 25.5 |Nov record high C = 16.0 |Dec record high C = 17.0 |year record high C = 33.5 |Jan high C = 6.5 |Feb high C = 7.8 |Mar high C = 10.4 |Apr high C = 13.5 |May high C = 17.1 |Jun high C = 20.1 |Jul high C = 22.7 |Aug high C = 22.8 |Sep high C = 19.5 |Oct high C = 13.8 |Nov high C = 8.8 |Dec high C = 6.1 |year high C = 14.1 | Jan mean C =4.3 | Feb mean C =5.0 | Mar mean C =7.0 | Apr mean C =9.6 | May mean C =12.9 | Jun mean C =15.8 | Jul mean C =18.1 | Aug mean C =18.4 | Sep mean C =15.4 | Oct mean C =10.8 | Nov mean C =6.6 | Dec mean C =4.1 | year mean C =10.7 |Jan low C = 2.0 |Feb low C = 2.2 |Mar low C = 3.5 |Apr low C = 5.6 |May low C = 8.7 |Jun low C = 11.5 |Jul low C = 13.5 |Aug low C = 13.9 |Sep low C = 11.3 |Oct low C = 7.7 |Nov low C = 4.3 |Dec low C = 2.1 |year low C = 7.2 |Jan record low C = -10.0 |Feb record low C = -10.5 |Mar record low C = -6.0 |Apr record low C = -1.0 |May record low C = 2.0 |Jun record low C = 4.4 |Jul record low C = 5.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 5.0 |Oct record low C = -3.0 |Nov record low C = -10.0 |Dec record low C = -11.0 |year record low C = -11.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 162.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 98.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 88.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 56.8 |May precipitation mm = 43.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 37.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 23.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 28.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 33.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 94.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 167.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 154.3 |year precipitation mm = 987.0 |source 1 = Environment Canada[21] |date=August 2017 }} Hiking trailsSalt Spring Island has many hiking trails. Two of these trails are rough and windy trails that lead to the summit regions of both Bruce Peak {{convert|709|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level, and Mount Tuam 602 meters (1,975 feet) above sea level. These two mountain peaks are the tallest points of land on the Southern Gulf Islands. Many short hikes can also be found on the island. One of these is the {{convert|2.5|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long trek to the summit of Mount Erskine, which is {{convert|441|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}} Notable residents
Education
TransportationLocal bus transit on the island is provided by BC Transit. BC Ferries operates three routes to Salt Spring: between Tsawwassen (on the BC mainland) and Long Harbour (on the east side of Salt Spring), between Swartz Bay (at the north end of Vancouver Island's Saanich Penninsula) and Fulford Harbour (at the south end of Salt Spring), and between Crofton (on the east side of Vancouver Island) and Vesuvius (on the west side of Salt Spring). Salt Spring Air, Seair Seaplanes and Harbour Air Seaplanes operate floatplane services from Ganges Water Aerodrome to Vancouver Harbour Water Airport and Vancouver International Water Airport. Kenmore Air operates between Ganges and Lake Union, Seattle, United States. CommunicationsTelecommunications service providers include Telus and Shaw, with most wireless carriers providing coverage. The Island is served by the Ganges and Fulford Harbour exchanges. See also
References1. ^ 2. ^{{cite web| title = Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Geographical Names (Saltspring Island)| url = http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/JAYLV | accessdate =2014-09-07}} 3. ^{{cite web| title = The Province of British Columbia GeoBC (Saltspring Island)| url = http://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/13666.html| accessdate =2014-09-07}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Saanich Place Names| work = Saanich Classified Word List| accessdate = 2012-07-16| url = http://www.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/WordList/index.htm}} 5. ^1 {{cite book | last = Schulte-Peevers | first = Andrea | title = Canada | edition = 9 | publisher = Lonely Planet | year = 2005 | isbn = 1-74059-773-7 | page = 729 | quote = Originally settled by the Salish First Nation over a thousand years ago, it became a place where African Americans fled to escape racial tensions in the USA}} 6. ^1 2 Hill and Hill, 241. 7. ^{{cite book | last = Nock | first = David A. | author2 = Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion | title = A Victorian Missionary and Canadian Indian Policy: Cultural Synthesis vs. Cultural Replacement | publisher = Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-88920-153-6 |pages = 159–160}} 8. ^1 {{cite book | last = Sandwell | first = Ruth Wells | title = Beyond the City Limits: Rural History in British Columbia | publisher = UBC Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-7748-0694-X | page = 85}} 9. ^{{cite book | last = Sandwell | first = Ruth Wells | title = Contesting Rural Space: Land Policy and Practices of Resettlement on Salt Spring Island, 1859-1891 | publisher = McGill-Queen's Press -MQUP | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-7735-2859-8 | page = 3}} 10. ^Sandwell, Contesting, 4. 11. ^Sandwell, 89-90. 12. ^Sandwell, Beyond, 90-91. 13. ^Sandwell, Beyond, 93. 14. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/bcgn-bin/bcg10?name=13666 |title=Origin Notes and History |work=Integrated Land Management Bureau of British Columbia |accessdate=2009-03-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529011913/http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/bcgn-bin/bcg10?name=13666 |archivedate=May 29, 2008 }} 15. ^{{cite book | last = Richardson | first = James | chapter = Report on the coal fields of the East Coast of Vancouver Island | date = 1872-05-01 | title = Report of Progress - Geological Survey of Canada | publisher = Geological Survey of Canada | url = https://books.google.com/?id=PSJMAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA87&dq=%22Salt Spring+Island%22 | quote = Southward of Salt Spring Island, or, as it is named upon the chart, Admiralty Island, are situated}} 16. ^[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5917027&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Saltspring%20Island&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=5917027&TABID=1 Statcan: 2016 Census] 17. ^1 {{cite book | last = Hill | first =Kathleen Thompson |author2=Gerald N. Hill | title = Victoria and Vancouver Island: A Personal Tour of an Almost Perfect Eden | edition = 5 | publisher = Globe Pequot | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-7627-3875-8 | page = 242}} 18. ^{{cite book | last = Thompson | first = Wayne C. |author2=Jacqueline Grekin | edition = 5 | publisher = Hunter Publishing, Inc. | year = 2003 | isbn = 2-89464-476-0 | page = 633 | title = Canada.}} 19. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.saltspringtourism.com/visitors/about_saltspring_island.asp | title = Visitors: About Salt Spring Island | publisher = Salt Spring Island Chamber of Commerce | accessdate = 2009-03-09 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090216151226/http://saltspringtourism.com/visitors/about_saltspring_island.asp | archivedate = 2009-02-16 | df = }} 20. ^Official Salt Spring Currency Website 21. ^Environment Canada — Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010, accessed 11 September 2017 External links{{Commons category|Saltspring Island}}{{wikivoyage|Saltspring Island}}
5 : Saltspring Island|Islands of the Gulf Islands|Black Canadian settlements|Designated places in British Columbia|Populated places in the Capital Regional District |
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