请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Same-sex marriage in Indiana
释义

  1. Statute

  2. Lawsuits

     State lawsuits  Federal lawsuits  Baskin v. Bogan  Love v. Pence  Bowling v. Pence 

  3. Constitutional amendment proposals

  4. Marriage statistics

  5. Public opinion

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Same-sex unions}}Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in the U.S. state of Indiana since October 6, 2014. The state had previously restricted marriage to male-female couples by statute in 1986. By legislation passed in 1997, it denied recognition to same-sex relationships established in other jurisdictions. A lawsuit challenging the state's refusal to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples, Baskin v. Bogan, won a favorable ruling from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana on June 25, 2014. Until the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit granted an emergency stay of the district court's ruling on June 27, most Indiana counties issued marriage licenses to same-sex couples. The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's ruling in Baskin on September 4. A ruling in Bowling v. Pence stated that the state must recognize same-sex marriages performed out-of-state and the decision was stayed until the Circuit ruled on the merits in similar cases. It also stated that the ruling would remain stayed if the circuit court stayed its decision in the related cases.[1]

The U.S. Supreme Court declined to consider an appeal in Baskin v. Bogan on October 6, which allowed the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals to implement its decision requiring Indiana to license and recognize same-sex marriages.

Statute

A law enacted in 1997 forbids the recognition of same-sex marriages established in jurisdictions outside Indiana.[2] "IC 31-11-1-1 Same sex marriage prohibited, Sec. 1 (a) Only a female may marry a male. Only a male may marry a female. (b) A marriage between persons of the same gender is void in Indiana even if the marriage is lawful in the place where it is solemnized. As added by P.L. 1 1997, Sec. 3. Amended by P.L. 198-1997, Sec. 1." [3]

On November 26, 2012, Indiana Equality Action published a study researched by law students from the LGBT Project at the Indiana University Maurer School of Law titled "More Than Just a Couple: 614 Reasons Why Marriage Equality Matters in Indiana."[4] The study detailed the rights and responsibilities of civil marriage found in 614 laws in the Indiana Code. It said that these laws show that marriage discrimination in the state not only denies many legal rights to same-sex couples but also denies the public protection from conflicts of interest from activities that are prohibited for opposite-sex married couples but not for same-sex couples.[5]

In January 2017, a bill removing the state's same-sex marriage ban and replacing references to "husband and wife" with the gender-neutral term "spouses" amongst other amendments, was introduced by Representative Jim Lucas (R). The bill passed its first reading on January 9, 2017.[6]

Lawsuits

State lawsuits

Morrison v. Sadler

A lawsuit brought in 2002 by the ACLU on behalf of 3 same-sex couples seeking marriage rights and challenging a 1986 law that limited marriages to male-female couples failed in the Marion County Superior Court in May 2003. The judge ruled that restricting marriage to different-sex couples "promotes the state's interest in encouraging procreation to occur in a context where both biological parents are present to raise the child." Two of the couples had formed civil unions in Vermont in 2000.[2] The ruling was upheld by a state Court of Appeals on January 20, 2005.[7][8] After the ruling by the Court of Appeals in January 2005, when the third couple had formed a Vermont civil union and one couple had married in Canada as well, the plaintiffs decided not to appeal to the state Supreme Court to avoid a negative outcome there that might influence other state courts.[9]

On December 23, 2013, the state Court of Appeals ruled that Indiana's law banning same-sex marriage cannot be used to invalidate a marriage if one spouse later changes his or her gender identity.[10]

Federal lawsuits

Five same-sex marriage lawsuits were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana in March 2014:

Love v. Pence, Baskin v. Bogan, Fujii v. Pence, Bowling v. Pence, and Lee v. Pence.

Baskin v. Bogan

{{Main|Baskin v. Bogan}}Baskin v. Bogan was filed in the Southern District of Indiana on March 14, 2014,[11] by Lambda Legal on behalf of two same-sex couples, all women. The defendants were Indiana Attorney General Greg Zoeller and three county clerks, with one of the county clerks, Penny Bogan, in her official capacity, as the first-named defendant.[12] It took precedence over the other Indiana marriage cases, because one of the plaintiffs was terminally ill with ovarian cancer, though the case of her and her partner was soon separated from that of the other plaintiffs.[13]

On June 25, 2014, Judge Richard L. Young ruled with respect to the remaining plaintiffs in Baskin, as well as the cases of Fujii and Lee. He found in favor of the plaintiff couples, granted them summary judgment and striking down Indiana's ban on same-sex marriage. He also removed Indiana Governor Mike Pence from the lawsuit.[14] He issued no stay and Indiana clerks began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples the day of the ruling.[15] The Seventh Circuit brought license issuance to a halt on June 27.[16]

The Seventh Circuit consolidated Baskin and its companion cases with a similar case in Wisconsin, Wolf v. Walker. It heard oral arguments on August 26.[17] On September 4, the Seventh Circuit, in a unanimous opinion authored by Judge Richard Posner, upheld the district court's decision.[18] On September 9, 2014, Wisconsin (joint by Indiana) asked the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold their respective bans on same-sex marriage.[19] On September 15, the Seventh Circuit granted a motion for a stay of ruling, to be in effect until the case is resolved at the Supreme Court.[20]

The U.S. Supreme Court declined to consider an appeal in Baskin v. Bogan on October 6, which allowed the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals to implement its decision requiring Indiana to license and recognize same-sex marriages, effectively legalizing same-sex marriage in Indiana.[21]

Love v. Pence

Love v. Pence was filed on March 7, 2014.[22] Judge Young dismissed Love v. Pence for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction on June 25, 2014, because the only named defendant was Indiana Governor Mike Pence, who cannot, he wrote, "issue executive decrees telling other elected officials how to do their jobs when it comes to laws affecting marriage."[23] Judge Young reinstated that part of the suit concerned with the recognition of marriages from other jurisdictions on September 16, citing the Governor's memos directing state officials how to respond to other court decisions on the issue of same-sex marriage.[24]

Bowling v. Pence

The plaintiffs in Bowling v. Pence raised only the question of Indiana's recognition of same-sex marriages from other jurisdictions, not the state's refusal to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples. One plaintiff couple was married in Iowa in 2011. A third plaintiff sought to dissolve her marriage established elsewhere.[25] Judge Young issued his ruling in Bowling v. Pence on August 19, repeating the logic of his earlier decision in finding that the state's refusal to recognize same-sex marriages unconstitutional. Though he had previously dismissed Love v. Pence after accepting the arguments of Governor Pence that the Governor of Indiana lacks authority over the enforcement of the state's ban, Young reversed himself, citing actions Pence took following the decision to Baskin. Young noted that the Governor, contrary to his earlier claims, had issued memos to state agencies instructing them to disregard the July 25 decision in Baskin. Pence had written on July 7 that Indiana's ban "is in full force and effect and executive branch agencies are to execute their functions as though the U.S. District Court Order of June 25, 2014 had not been issued."[26] In his Bowling decision, Young wrote: "The memoranda issued by the Governor clearly contradict his prior representations to the court". He called the Governor's earlier statements a "bold misrepresentation". He wrote that his acceptance of Pence as defendant "is not based on the Governor's general duty to enforce the laws. It is based on his specific ability to command the executive branch regarding the law." He commented: "The court, after witnessing the Governor do what he claimed he could not do, reverses course and finds him to be a proper party to such lawsuits. The court wishes to reiterate that it finds the Governor's prior representations contradicting such authority to be, at a minimum, troubling." Young stayed enforcement of his decision and the state announced plans to appeal.[27]

The ruling was stayed until the Seventh Circuit ruled on the merits in similar cases. It also stated that the ruling would remain stayed if the Circuit Court stayed its decision in the related cases.[1]

Constitutional amendment proposals

Since 2004, there have been annual efforts on behalf of a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage in Indiana.[28] In 2010, such a proposal passed the Senate in a 38-10 vote,[29] but the House of Representatives, which had a Democratic majority, took no action, failing even to schedule a hearing on the legislation.[30]

In 2011, a similar proposal passed the House 70-26 and the Senate 40-10.[31][32] The text adopted was:[33]

{{quote|Only a marriage between one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in Indiana. A legal status identical or substantially similar to that of marriage for unmarried individuals shall not be valid or recognized.}}

The approval of an identical amendment by both chambers during the 2013-2014 legislative session was required to place the amendment on the state ballot in November 2014. In December 2012, Governor Mitch Daniels, without taking a position on the proposed amendment, said that business leaders had expressed concern that it would restrict their policies toward same-sex couples. He said: "They wouldn't want their ability to offer benefits and that sort of thing limited. They think it's fair. They think it's important at least in case of some of their employees."[34] On October 28, 2013, Indiana University announced its opposition to the proposed amendment.[35] In November 2013, legislative leaders announced that the Legislature would address the amendment in its next session. House Speaker Brian Bosma, a proponent of the measure, said that "This is not the most important issue facing us by far. We have to deal with the issue with dignity and respect... and bring this 12-year discussion to a conclusion."[36] On December 4, the six Catholic bishops of Indiana issued a statement that, without referencing the legislation, reiterated their position that marriage is "the intimate communion of life and love between one man and one woman."[37]

The language of the joint resolution was introduced in the 2014 legislature as HJR3 on January 9. A companion bill was also introduced that provided clarifying language directing that the proposed constitutional amendment would ban same-sex marriages and civil unions but not domestic partnerships. Bosma said it was aimed at reassuring universities and localities that the benefits they provide employees under the designation domestic partners would not be affected by the adoption of the constitutional amendment, though others in the Legislature disputed whether the language of the bill, if adopted, could control the interpretation of the constitutional amendment.[38] The House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the proposed amendment on January 13 but took no vote. On January 21, Bosma moved the proposed amendment to the Elections and Apportionment Committee.[39] On January 22, that committee approved the proposed amendment by a vote of 9 to 3 with one absence.[40] On January 27, the Indiana House voted 52-43, with 29 Democrats and 23 Republicans in favor, to remove the second sentence, which would have banned civil unions, from the amendment.[41] On January 28, the House approved the shortened version in a 57-40 vote.[42] On February 10, the Senate Rules Committee approved the identical one-sentence version in an 8-4 vote,[43] and the Senate approved that version in a 32-17 vote on February 17.[44] The text adopted was:

{{quote|Only a marriage between one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in Indiana.}}

The amendment had to be approved by both chambers of the Legislature in another session to be placed on the ballot.[45] However, the Legislature took no further action on the amendment and it was never placed on the ballot.

Marriage statistics

From October to December 2014, 1,430 same-sex couples wed in Indiana. Of these, 939 were female couples and 491 were male couples.[46]

Public opinion

{{Election box end}}

See also

  • LGBT rights in Indiana
  • Same-sex marriage in the United States

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 [https://www.scribd.com/doc/237252517/Bowling-v-Pence-District-Court-ruling Bowling v. Pence District Court ruling]
2. ^1 {{cite news|title=Indiana defends state's ban on gay marriage|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2003/10/04/indiana-defends-states-ban-gay-marriage-10070|accessdate=August 20, 2013|newspaper=The Advocate|date=October 4, 2003}}
3. ^[https://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/2014/ic/titles/031/ Indiana Code 2014] IC 31-11-1 Chapter 1. Who May Marry
4. ^{{cite news|last=Schneider|first=Mary Beth|title=Ban on same-sex marriage in Indiana could open Pandora's box of legal challenges|url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20121126/NEWS/121126030/Ban-same-sex-marriage-Indiana-could-open-Pandora-s-box-legal-challenges|accessdate=December 14, 2012|newspaper=Indiana Star|date=November 26, 2012}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Brandon|title=Report: Marriage Amendment Impacts 600 Legal Provisions |url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/news/report-600-laws-impacted-marriage-amendment-40733/ |accessdate=December 14, 2012 |newspaper=Indiana Public Media|date=November 26, 2012}}
6. ^[https://legiscan.com/IN/bill/HB1163/2017 IN HB1163 | 2017 | Regular Session]
7. ^{{cite web|title=Morrison v. Sadler|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/in-court-of-appeals/1300839.html|website=FindLaw|accessdate=12 August 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Court rejects challenge to Indiana's gay marriage ban|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2005/01/21/court-rejects-challenge-indianas-gay-marriage-ban-14866|accessdate=August 20, 2013|newspaper=The Advocate|date=January 21, 2005}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Couples won't seek appeal in Indiana gay marriage case|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2005/02/19/couples-wont-seek-appeal-indiana-gay-marriage-case-15199|accessdate=August 20, 2013|newspaper=The Advocate|date=February 19, 2005}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2013/12/court-ind-gay-marriage-ban-cannot-invalidate-marriages-of-transgender-spouses/|title=Court: Ind. gay marriage ban cannot invalidate marriages of transgender spouses|publisher=LGBTQ Nation|date=December 23, 2013}}
11. ^{{cite news|last1=Odendahl|first1=Marilyn|title=5 lawsuits keep marriage debate alive in Indiana|url=http://city-countyobserver.com/2014/04/05/5-lawsuits-keep-marriage-debate-alive-in-indiana/|accessdate=June 14, 2014|work=Evansville (Ind.) City-County Observer|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701232626/http://city-countyobserver.com/2014/04/05/5-lawsuits-keep-marriage-debate-alive-in-indiana/|archivedate=July 1, 2014|df=mdy-all}}
12. ^{{cite press release|title=Lambda Legal Files Federal Suit|url=http://www.lambdalegal.org/news/in_20140313_lambda-legal-files-federal-suit-seeking-marriage|accessdate=March 13, 2014|newspaper=Lambda Legal|date=March 12, 2014}}
13. ^{{cite news|last=Disis|first=Jill|title=Judge grants request to force Indiana to recognize same-sex marriage|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2014/04/10/judge-today-hear-immediate-challenge-indianas-sex-marriage-ban/7542635/|accessdate=April 10, 2014|newspaper=Indy Star|date=April 10, 2014}}
14. ^{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Richard L., U.S. District Judge|title=Entry on Cross-Motions for Summary Judgment, Baskin v. Bogan, No. 1:14-cv-00355-RLY|url=http://www.insd.uscourts.gov/sites/insd/files/Baskin%20vs.%20Bogan%2014-cv-355-RLY-TAB.pdf|work=U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana|date=June 25, 2014}}
15. ^{{cite news|last1=Healy|first1=Jack|title=Utah Gay Marriage Ban Struck Down by Federal Appeals Court|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/us/us-appeals-court-rejects-utahs-ban-on-gay-marriage.html|accessdate=June 25, 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=June 25, 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/federal-appeals-court-says-indiana-must-recognize-terminally |work=Buzzfeed|title=Federal Appeals Court Says Indiana Must Recognize Terminally Ill Woman's Same-Sex Marriage: An emergency order protecting Amy Sandler and Niki Quasney|authors=Geidner, Chris and Merevick, Tony|date=July 1, 2014|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}
17. ^{{cite news|last1=Marley |first1=Patrick|title=Appeals court to fast track state's gay marriage case with Indiana's |url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/judge-wont-lift-her-stay-on-same-sex-marriages-in-wisconsin-b99309278z1-266778601.html |accessdate=July 14, 2014|work=Milwaukee Wisconsin Journal-Sentinel|date=July 11, 2014}}
18. ^{{cite news|first=Chris |last=Johnson|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2014/09/04/7th-circuit-rules-marriage-bans-wisconsin-indiana/ |work=Washington Blade| date=September 4, 2014| accessdate=September 4, 2015|title=7th Circuit rules against marriage bans in Wisconsin, Indiana}}
19. ^{{cite web|last1=Lawrence|first1=Hurley|title=Wisconsin, Indiana ask U.S. justices to hear gay marriage cases|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/09/us-usa-court-gaymarriage-idUSKBN0H41V520140909|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=13 September 2014}}
20. ^{{cite news|last=Posner|first=Richard., U.S. Seventh Circuit Judge|title=Order (grant of stay), Baskin v. Bogan, No. 14-2526|url=https://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/239799373|work=U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals|date=September 15, 2014}}
21. ^{{cite news|last1=Liptak|first1=Adam|title=Supreme Court Hands Gay Marriage a Tacit Victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/us/denying-review-justices-clear-way-for-gay-marriage-in-5-states.html?_r=0|accessdate=October 6, 2014|work=New York Times|date=October 6, 2014}}
22. ^{{cite news|last=Gullo|first=Karen|title=Indiana Gay-Marriage Ban Challenged by Couples in Federal Court |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-03-07/indiana-gay-marriage-ban-challenged-by-couples-in-federal-court |accessdate=March 7, 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=March 7, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Richard, Chief U.S. District Judge|title=Entry on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, Love v. Pence, No. 4:14-cv-00015 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/231348540/4-14-cv-00015-32|work=U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana|publisher=Scribd.com|date=June 25, 2014}}
24. ^{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Richard, Chief U.S. District Judge|title=Entry on Plaintiffs' Motion to Reconsider, Love v. Pence, No. 4:14-cv-00015 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/231348540/4-14-cv-00015-38|work=U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana|publisher=Scribd.com|date=September 16, 2014}}
25. ^{{cite news|last1=Johnson |first1=Chris |title=Court: Indiana must recognize out-of-state same-sex marriages |url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2014/08/20/court-indiana-must-recognize-state-sex-marriages/|accessdate=August 20, 2014|work=Washington Blade|date=August 20, 2014}}
26. ^{{cite news|last1=Young|first1=Richard |title=Entry on Cross Motions for Summary Judgment |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/237330612/Indiana-Marriage-Recognition-Ruling |work=U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana |publisher=Scribd.com|date=August 20, 2014}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Disis|first1=Jill|title=Latest ruling overturning same-sex marriage ban makes Indiana governor a party to suit|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2014/08/19/latest-ruling-overturning-sex-marriage-ban-makes-indiana-governor-party-suit/14318877/|accessdate=August 20, 2014|work=Indianapolis Star|date=August 19, 2014}}
28. ^{{cite news|last=Browning|first=Bil|title=Indiana State Senate to take action on marriage amendment|url=http://www.bilerico.com/2010/01/in_state_senate_action_on_marriage_amendment.php|accessdate=December 14, 2012|newspaper=Bilerico Project|date=January 15, 2010}}
29. ^{{cite news|last=Shella|first=Jim|title=Gay marriage ban goes to Indiana House once again|url=http://www.wishtv.com/dpp/news/politics/Gay-marriage-ban-goes-to-Indiana-House-once-again|accessdate=December 14, 2012|newspaper=WISH TV|date=January 28, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806224959/http://www.wishtv.com/dpp/news/politics/Gay-marriage-ban-goes-to-Indiana-House-once-again|archivedate=August 6, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Marriage Discrimination Amendment Dies in State Legislature|url=http://indianaequality.typepad.com/indiana_equality_blog/2010/02/marriage-discrimination-amendment-dies-in-state-legislature.html|publisher=Indiana Equality|accessdate=December 14, 2012}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Indiana News Indiana House Endorses Gay Marriage Ban|url=http://www.wibc.com/news/Story.aspx?ID=1364865|accessdate=January 4, 2014|newspaper=WIBC|date=February 15, 2011}}
32. ^{{cite news|last=Carden|first=Dan|title=Senate OKs constitutional ban on gay marriage, civil unions |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/lake/east-chicago/article_1d92f30a-6b5b-50ad-9733-5f2ec038f80e.html |accessdate=January 4, 2014|newspaper=NWI Times|date=March 29, 2011}}
33. ^{{cite news |last=Bangert|first=Dave|title=Bracing for the flyover view of Indiana on marriage amendment|url=http://www.jconline.com/article/20131231/COLUMNISTS30/312310013/Indiana-braced-for-abuse-over-same-sex-marriage-amendment-HJR6-Dave-Bangert |accessdate=January 4, 2014|newspaper=Journal Courier (Lafayette)|date=December 31, 2013}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Daniels says businesses talking gay marriage |url=http://heraldbulletin.com/breakingnews/x1752052089/Daniels-says-businesses-talking-gay-marriage |accessdate=December 14, 2012|newspaper=Herald Bulletin|date=December 12, 2012}}
35. ^{{cite news|last=Stokes|first=Kyle|title=IU Opposes Amending Constitution To Ban Same-Sex Marriage|url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/news/iu-oposes-amending-constitution-ban-sex-marriage-57649/ |accessdate=December 5, 2013|newspaper=Indiana Public Media|date=October 28, 2013}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Indiana legislative leaders break silence on same-sex marriage ban|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20131118/NEWS02/311180076/Indiana-legislative-leaders-break-silence-same-sex-marriage-ban|accessdate=December 5, 2013|newspaper=Courier-Journal|date=November 18, 2013}}
37. ^{{cite news|last=Cook|first=Tony|title=Indiana Catholic bishops issue statement on gay marriage ban |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2013/12/12/indiana-catholic-bishops-issue-statement-on-gay-marriage-ban/4004259/ |accessdate=December 18, 2013|newspaper=Indy Star|date=December 12, 2013}}
38. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Brandon |title=Proposed Marriage Amendment Clarified, Renamed|url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/news/marriage-amendment-bill-renamed-redefined-61195/ |accessdate=January 9, 2014|newspaper=Indiana Public Media|date=January 9, 2014}}
39. ^{{cite news|last=Cook|first=Tony |title=Bosma moves gay marriage ban to new committee|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2014/01/21/bosma-moves-gay-marriage-ban-to-new-committee/4722137/|accessdate=January 21, 2014|newspaper=Indianapolis Star|date=January 21, 2014}}
40. ^{{cite news|last=Cook|first=Tony|title=Elections committee advances HJR-3 on to full House|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2014/01/22/round-2-for-same-sex-marriage-debate-/4772539/|accessdate=January 22, 2014|newspaper=Indianapolis Star|date=January 22, 2014}}
41. ^{{cite news|last=Rund|first=Jacob|title=Indiana House votes to amend gay-marriage amendment |url=http://www.ibj.com/indiana-house-votes-to-amend-gay-marriage-amendment/PARAMS/article/45805|accessdate=February 10, 2014|newspaper=Indianapolis Business Journal|date=January 27, 2014}}
42. ^{{cite news|last=Shabazz|first=Abdul-Hakim|title=Indiana vote on constitutional ban on gay marriage faces hurdle|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-01-28/news/sns-rt-us-usa-gaymarriage-indiana-20140122_1_gay-marriage-proposed-amendment-doma|accessdate=February 10, 2014|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=January 28, 2014}}
43. ^{{cite news|last1=Cook|first1=Tony|last2=Berggoetz|first2=Barb |title=Committee votes 8-4 to send HJR-3 to full Senate |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2014/02/10/committee-votes-8-4-to-send-hjr-3-to-full-senate/5375273/ |accessdate=February 10, 2014|newspaper=Indianapolis Star|date=February 10, 2014}}
44. ^{{cite news|last=Schneider|first=Chelsea|title=Indiana Senate approves marriage amendment|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2014/feb/17/state-senate-expected-take-vote-marriage-amendment/|accessdate=February 17, 2014|newspaper=Evansville Courier & Press|date=February 17, 2014}}
45. ^{{cite news|last1=Cook|first1=Tony|last2=Berggoetz|first2=Bard|title=Same-sex marriage ban won't be on November ballot|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2014/02/13/hjr-3-last-minute-maneuver-could-spare-2nd-sentence-/5455299/ |accessdate=February 17, 2014|newspaper=Indy Star|date=February 14, 2014}}
46. ^INDIANA MARRIAGE REPORT State and County Data 2014

External links

  • [https://archive.is/20130415012655/http://www.indianaequalityaction.org/2012/11/27/more-than-just-a-couple-ieaiu-maurer-school-of-law-report/ "More Than Just a Couple", IEA/IU Maurer School of Law Report]
{{Same-sex marriage in the United States}}

2 : LGBT rights in Indiana|Same-sex marriage in the United States by state

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in Indiana
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		 Margin of
error		% support% opposition% no opinion
Public Religion Research InstituteApril 5-December 23, 20171,531?58%34%8%
Public Religion Research InstituteMay 18, 2016-January 10, 20172,288?53%38%9%
Public Religion Research InstituteApril 29, 2015-January 7, 20161,938?52%38%10%
[https://today.yougov.com/news/2014/09/07/battleground-tracker-2014-national-attitudes/ New York Times/CBS News/YouGov]September 20-October 1, 20141,405 likely voters± 3.1%43%45%12%
Princeton Survey Research InternationalOctober 8–21, 2013600 interviews± 4.8%48%46%6%
? likely voters?44%48%8%
Bowen Center for Public AffairsNovember 12–24, 2012602 adults± 4.5%45%45%10%
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 14:39:07