| 词条 | Samuel Escue Tillman |
| 释义 |
|name=Samuel Escue Tillman |image=Samuel E Tillman.jpg |caption=Samuel E. Tillman, photographed after retirement by Harris & Ewing |birth_date= {{Birth date|1847|10|03}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|1942|06|24|1847|10|03}} |placeofburial_label= |placeofburial = West Point Cemetery |birth_place =near Shelbyville, Tennessee |death_place =Southampton, New York |placeofburial_coordinates = {{coord|41|23|55|N|73|58|3|W|}} |allegiance={{flag|United States of America}} |branch= United States Army |serviceyears=1869–1911, 1917–19 |rank= Brigadier General |unit= Corps of Engineers |commands=Superintendent of the United States Military Academy |battles= |awards=Distinguished Service Medal |relations= |laterwork= }} Samuel Escue Tillman (October 3, 1847 – June 24, 1942) was an astronomer, engineer, military educator, and career officer in the United States Army who spent 30 years teaching at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. In addition to writing for periodicals on a wide range of subjects and authoring several influential textbooks on chemistry and geology, in 1917 Tillman was recalled from previous mandatory retirement to serve as superintendent of the United States Military Academy for the duration of conflict which became known as World War I. Early lifeSamuel Tillman was born in Bedford County, Tennessee, near modern Shelbyville on October 3, 1847, one of several sons of Lewis Tillman and his wife Mary C. Davidson Tillman.[1] The younger Tillman and his brothers were raised on the family plantation in wartime Tennessee during much of the American Civil War. Tillman left the farm in 1864 to attend Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, but left after a year to accept an at-large appointment to the United States Military Academy in July, 1865, months after the end of the rebellion.[2] Military careerTillman proved an excellent cadet, graduating 3rd out of 39 in the USMA graduating class of 1869.[3] Tillman spent fifteen months on the frontier at Fort Riley, Kansas, then returned to the academy for a period as assistant professor of mathematics.[3] The following years would see Tillman alternating tours between teaching assignments at the academy and surveying the last unexplored portions of the American West. In addition to involvement in expeditions to explore and map parts of the western states of Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, Tillman was detailed for a year as assistant astronomer on the national expedition to Northern Tasmania observe the Transit of Venus.[3] In late 1878, Tillman became the sixtieth of the founding members of Washington, D.C.'s Cosmos Club,[4] but resigned in 1881, after he was given permanent assignment at West Point as professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology.[5] Lieutenant Tillman sat on the board of inquiry concerning the alleged assault by cadets on Johnson Chesnut Whittaker.[6] As full professor Tillman was given responsibility for redesigning the physical science curriculum at the academy; U.S. Army Adjutant General Richard C. Drum ordered Tillman and fellow academy instructor George L. Andrews to visit Harvard, Yale, and other American institutions of higher learning to investigate new educational technologies in order to incorporate them into the curriculum.[7] The next thirty years of Tillman's life were devoted to writing and teaching at the academy. He wrote for popular periodicals like Popular Science[8] and Cosmopolitan[9] and literary journals like American Monthly Review of Reviews.[10] Tillman authored several science textbooks for use by academy instructors, notably the physics work Elementary Lessons in Heat (1889),[11] Descriptive General Chemistry (1897),[12] and A text-book of Important Minerals and Rocks (1900).[13] He was responsible for the academy's mineralogical and geological cabinet.[14] Tillman also wrote a series of memoirs which have been featured in the works of Miami University historian Dwight L. Smith. [15][16][17][18][19][20]Toward the end of his career, Tillman was presented with an honorary degree from Yale University in 1906.[21] In 1911, after 44 years of active U.S. Army service in the classroom and field, Tillman was retired.[3] He spent some time in Italy, leaving at the outbreak of World War I;[3] Tillman settled in Princeton, New Jersey, continuing to write, presenting A Review of West Point's History before the New York Historical Society in October, 1915.[3] In early 1917, the United States Army was preparing for its involvement in the war raging in Europe, and all academy instructors who could be detailed were assigned to field commands. This left an understrength USMA teaching staff not only doing "double duty," but also teaching in officer training schools during the summer.[22] When Colonel Tillman was recalled from retirement to serve as USMA superintendent in June, 1917,[3] the cadet class of 1917 had already graduated two months early and been assigned to wartime posts. The USMA class of 1918 graduated in the Autumn of 1917, the classes of 1919 and 1920 graduated in June 1918, and the cadet class of 1921 were graduated before the Armistice was signed. "On November 2, 1918, the Corps of Cadets consisted of members of the Fourth Class only."[22] Tillman had seen the graduation of an entire corps of cadets before he was again retired, this time with promotion to Brigadier General and the Distinguished Service Medal for his wartime service.[3] While Superintendent of West Point, Tillman refused repeated requests to add military aviation to the curriculum.[23] LegacySamuel Escue Tillman died June 24, 1942 at the home of his daughter, Katherine Tillman Martin, in Southampton, New York and was buried at West Point Cemetery. According to his obituary, he was survived by one brother, A.H. Tillman, who served for a time as United States district attorney in Washington D.C.. Four brothers had preceded him in death.[1] {{Quote box|align=right |width=45% |quote= "The airship is very much as reported by The News ... It consists of a cigar-shaped body about 60 feet in length ... The motive power is an immense wheel at each end, in appearance much like a metallic windmill. It is driven by an immense electric engine, which derives its power from storage batteries." The crewmen – earthlings, as it sadly turned out – gave their names as S.E. Tilman and A.E. Dolbear. They explained that they were on a test cruise in compliance with a contract they held with certain New York capitalists. "They are confident that they have achieved a great success and that within a short time navigation of the air will be an assured fact," said the farmer." |source= C.L. McIlhany, quoted in Dallas Morning News, February 4, 2008[33] }} In 1885, when Henry Tureman Allen was exploring the Copper River in the new U.S. territory of Alaska, he named a discovered peak after Tillman, his academy professor, but the discovery proved to be one major error in the survey, Allen mistaking either Mount Wrangell[24] or Mount Sanford[25] for the non-existent Mount Tillman. In 2008, Kent Biffle of the Dallas Morning News reported receiving newspaper clippings from a local lawyer and historian on the subject of UFO sightings in Stephenville, Texas.[26] Apparently in 1897, widespread newspaper reports of a cigar-shaped flying object started to circulate in the Midwest and Southwest.[27][28] Responding to sightings previously reported in the Morning News, on April 17, 1897, one respected Erath County farmer, C.L. McIlhany discovered such a craft had landed on his property, and reported two human operators, a pilot and an engineer, who gave their names as "S.E. Tilman" and "A.E. Dolbear."[26] The two operators performed minor repairs on their electrically powered lighter-than-air craft, then again flew away.[29][30] Selected works by Tillman
References1. ^1 {{cite web |first=Martha |last=Mendez |author= |authorlink= |author2=Steve Carson |title=Index to obituaries from the Shelbyville Gazette in 1942 |url=http://www.tngenweb.org/bedford/Obituaries/Obituary_Index_1942.htm |work= |publisher=GSC Associates Historical Record Products |location=Denver and Keystone, Colorado |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |quote= }} {{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box | before = John Biddle | title = Superintendents of the United States Military Academy | years = 1917–1919 | after = Douglas MacArthur}}{{s-end}}{{United States Military Academy superintendents}}{{good article}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tillman, Samuel Escue}}2. ^{{cite book |last1=Students of Miami University |editor1-first=S.J. |editor1-last=Brandenburg |title=Miami Student |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jsiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA107&dq=%22Samuel+E.+Tillman%22&num=50&as_brr=1&client=firefox-a#PPA107,M1 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |volume=23 |year=1903 |publisher=Miami University |location=Oxford, Ohio |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=107}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |last1=Cullum |first1=George Washington |authorlink1=George Washington Cullum |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy |url=http://digital-library.usma.edu/libmedia/archives/cullum/VOL3_PART0001.PDF |format=pdf |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |edition=3rd |series=2275 |volume=3 |year=1891 |origyear= |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin |location=Boston and New York |isbn= |page=128 |ref= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110215829/http://digital-library.usma.edu/libmedia/archives/cullum/VOL3_PART0001.PDF |archivedate=January 10, 2009 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Cosmos Club |title=The twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Cosmos club of Washington, D.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdtJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA338&dq=%22Samuel+Escue+Tillman%22+-inauthor:%22Samuel+Escue+Tillman%22&num=50&client=firefox-a |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |year=1904 |publisher=The Cosmos Club |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=338}} 5. ^Cosmos Club, p. 337 6. ^{{cite book |last=Marszalek |first=John F. |authorlink1=John F. Marszalek |title=Assault at West Point |year=1994 |origyear=1972 |publisher=Collier Books |location=New York |isbn=0-02-034515-1 |page=60}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=State Association of Teachers |last2= |first2=Department of Public Instruction |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-last=Graham |editor2-first=W.H. |editor2-last=Chandler |title=Wisconsin Journal of Education |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vEBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA174&dq=%22Samuel+E.+Tillman%22&lr=&num=50&as_brr=1&client=firefox-a#PPA174,M1 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |volume=XIII |year=1882 |publisher=The Association |location=Madison, Wisconsin |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=174 }} 8. ^Tillman, Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone, p. 301 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Albert |last2=Stead |first2=William Thomas |title=The Review of reviews |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cECAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA733&dq=%22Samuel+E.+Tillman%22&num=50&as_brr=1&client=firefox-a |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |volume=14 |year=1896 |publisher=Review of Reviews |location=New York |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=733}} 10. ^Tillman, Review of Reviews, v. 26, p. 45 11. ^Tillman, Elementary Lessons in Heat 12. ^Tillman, Descriptive General Chemistry 13. ^Tillman, A text-book of Important Minerals and Rocks 14. ^{{cite book |last1=Merrill |first1=Frederick James Hamilton |title=Natural History Museums of the United States and Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMoaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA136&dq=%22Samuel+E.+Tillman%22&num=50&as_brr=0&client=firefox-a#PPA137,M1 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |year=1903 |publisher=University of the State of New York |location=Albany, New York |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=136 }} 15. ^{{cite news |title =An Antebellum Boyhood: Samuel Escue Tillman [1847-1942] on a Middle Tennessee Plantation. |first = Dwight L.|last = Smith|work = Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=47 |publisher = |location = |isbn = |issn = |oclc = |pmid = |pmd = |bibcode = |doi = |id = |year =1988 |pages =3–9 }} 16. ^{{cite news |title =An Antebellum Boyhood: Samuel Escue Tillman's Fascination with Corn, Bulls, and Deer. |first = Dwight L.|last = Smith|work = Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=47 |publisher = |location = |isbn = |issn = |oclc = |pmid = |pmd = |bibcode = |doi = |id = |date =Fall 1998 |pages =142–152 }} 17. ^{{cite news |title =An Antebellum Boyhood: The School Days of Samuel E. Tillman. |first = Dwight L.|last = Smith|work = Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=46 |publisher = |location = |isbn = |issn = |oclc = |pmid = |pmd = |bibcode = |doi = |id = |year =1987 |pages =148–156 }} 18. ^{{cite news |title =Impressment, Occupation, War's End, and Emancipation: Samuel E. Tillman's Account of Seesaw Tennessee |first = Dwight L.|last = Smith|work = Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=49 |publisher = |location = |isbn = |issn = |oclc = |pmid = |pmd = |bibcode = |doi = |id = |date =Fall 1990 |page = }} 19. ^{{cite news |title =Secession, Armies, and a Federal Spy: Samuel E. Tillman's Account of Seesaw Tennessee |first = Dwight L.|last = Smith|work = Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=49 |publisher = |location = |isbn = |issn = |oclc = |pmid = |pmd = |bibcode = |doi = |id = |date =Summer 1990 |page = }} 20. ^Smith, ed., The Kansas Frontier, 1869-1870: Lt. Samuel Tillman's First Tour of Duty 21. ^{{cite book |last1=Yale University |title=Catalogue of the officers and graduates of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, 1701-1910 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JTOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA414&lpg=PA414&dq=%22Samuel+Escue+Tillman%22&source=bl&ots=LEMmbgw3lz&sig=2rGgjAZYlhdLeGi7lGddUhVSr4A&hl=en&ei=qRLzSb3kOZfItgfyqby9Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=34 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |year=1910 |publisher=Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor |location=New Haven, Connecticut |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=414}} 22. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Forman |first1=Sidney |authorlink1= |title=West Point: A History of the United States Military Academy |year=1950 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages=255}} 23. ^{{cite book|title=Air Force Academy Heritage: The Early Years|publisher=Fulcrum Publishing|location=Golden, CO|year=2006|pages=8–9|isbn=1-55591-614-7|url=http://www.fulcrum-books.com/client/client_pages/lookinside/604-x.pdf}} 24. ^{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Marcus |editor1-first=James |editor1-last=McCormick |others=United States Geological Survey |title=Geographic Dictionary of Alaska |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dUQMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA627&lpg=PA627&dq=%22Samuel+Escue+Tillman%22&source=bl&ots=aEbsGPoTR2&sig=nev9izXgNnrobnIF060Jjgam2Hw&hl=en&ei=xQnzSauLMJGEtwfAl7zFDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10 |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |edition=2 |year=1906 |publisher=Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=627}} 25. ^{{cite book |last1=Borneman |first1=Walter R. |title=Alaska: Saga of a Bold Land |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATAS5eeN0fIC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=%22Samuel+Escue+Tillman%22&source=bl&ots=doTThpWnCF&sig=DItAOTKgQ_4AOcS4JSbi1A_z1DY&hl=en&ei=qRLzSb3kOZfItgfyqby9Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=28 |format= |accessdate=April 25, 2009 |edition=Reprint |year=2004 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=New York |isbn=0-06-050307-6 |page=141}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite web |first=Kent |last=Biffle |title=Stephenville area's had its share of UFO sightings |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/stories/DN-biffle_03tex.ART.State.Edition1.4501c2d.html |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081028162338/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/stories/DN-biffle_03tex.ART.State.Edition1.4501c2d.html |deadurl=yes |work= |publisher=Dallas Morning News |location= |page= |pages= |language= |doi= |date=February 4, 2008 |archivedate= October 28, 2008 |accessdate=April 26, 2009 |quote= }} 27. ^{{cite book |title=The great airship mystery: A UFO of the 1890s |last=Cohen |first=Daniel |year=1981 |publisher=Dodd, Mead |location= |isbn=0-396-07990-3 |page= |pages= |url= |accessdate= }} 28. ^{{cite book |title=Solving the 1897 Airship Mystery |last=Busby |first=Michael |authorlink= |date=January 2004 |publisher=Pelican Publishing Company |location= |isbn=1-58980-125-3}} 29. ^{{cite web |author=Cabinet of Wonders |authorlink= |title=The Stephenville phantom airship |url=http://www.wunderkabinett.co.uk/damndata/index.php?/archives/1262-The-Stephenville-phantom-airship.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303052548/http://www.wunderkabinett.co.uk/damndata/index.php?%2Farchives%2F1262-The-Stephenville-phantom-airship.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 3, 2008 |work=Cabinet of Wonders blog |publisher= |location= |page= |pages= |language= |doi= |date=February 3, 2008 |accessdate=April 26, 2009 |quote= |df= }} 30. ^{{cite web |author=Cabinet of Wonders |authorlink= |title=The faces of phantom airship pilots |url=http://www.wunderkabinett.co.uk/damndata/index.php?/archives/1275-The-faces-of-phantom-airship-pilots.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218175231/http://www.wunderkabinett.co.uk/damndata/index.php?%2Farchives%2F1275-The-faces-of-phantom-airship-pilots.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=February 18, 2008 |work=Cabinet of Wonders blog |publisher= |location= |page= |pages= |language= |doi= |date=February 13, 2008 |accessdate=April 26, 2009 |quote= |df= }} 7 : United States Military Academy alumni|Superintendents of the United States Military Academy|1847 births|1942 deaths|Burials at West Point Cemetery|People from West Point, New York|People from Bedford County, Tennessee |
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