| 词条 | Masha Bruskina |
| 释义 |
Maria "Masha" Bruskina ({{lang-be|Марыя Барысаўна Брускіна}} Marïya Barïsawna Bruskina; {{lang-ru|Мария Борисовна Брускина}} Mariya Borisovna Bruskina; 1924 – 26 October 1941 in Minsk[1]) was a Belarusian Jewish member of the Minsk Resistance during World War II.[2] She volunteered as a nurse at the hospital in the Minsk Polytechnic Institute, which had been set up to care for wounded members of the Red Army. In addition to caring for the soldiers, she helped them escape by smuggling civilian clothing and false identity papers into the hospital. A patient told the Germans what Bruskina was doing, and she was arrested on October 14, 1941, by members of the Wehrmacht's 707th Infantry Division and the 2nd Schutzmannschaft Battalion,[3] Lithuanian auxiliary troops under the command of Major Antanas Impulevičius. After being arrested, Bruskina wrote a letter to her mother on October 20, 1941: {{quotation|I am tormented by the thought that I have caused you great worry. Don't worry. Nothing bad has happened to me. I swear to you that you will have no further unpleasantness because of me. If you can, please send me my dress, my green blouse, and white socks. I want to be dressed decently when I leave here.}}BiographyMasha Bruskin lived in Minsk with her mother, senior goods manager of the Book Trade Office of the BSSR State Publishing House. She studied well and read a lot. She was also a pioneer leader and a member of the school committee of Komsomol. in December 1938, the newspaper Pioneer of Belarus published a photograph of Masha with the caption: "Masha Bruskina - the schoolgirl of 8th grade in school № 28, Minsk. She has only good and excellent marks in all subjects". In June 1941, Maria Bruskina graduated from Minsk secondary school № 28. The executionLocal German authorities decided on a public hanging to make an example of Bruskina, along with two other members of the resistance, 16-year-old Volodia Shcherbatsevich and World War I veteran Kiril Trus. Before being hanged, she was paraded through the streets with a placard around her neck which read, in both German and Russian: "We are partisans and have shot at German troops". Members of the resistance were made to wear similar signs whether or not they had actually shot at German troops. She and her two comrades were hanged in public on Sunday, October 26, 1941, in front of Minsk Kristall, a yeast brewery and distillery plant on Nizhne-Lyahovskaya Street (15 Oktyabrskaya Street today). The Germans let the bodies hang for three days before allowing them to be cut down and buried.[4] Pyotr Pavlovich Borisenko witnessed the execution: {{quotation|When they put her on the stool, the girl turned her face toward the fence. The executioners wanted her to stand with her face to the crowd, but she turned away and that was that. No matter how much they pushed her and tried to turn her, she remained standing with her back to the crowd. Only then did they kick away the stool from under her.}}Olga Shcherbatsevich, the mother of Volodia Shcherbatsevich, was hanged the same day as her son with two other members of the resistance in front of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.[5] Identification and remembranceFor decades after the war, Bruskina was officially referred to only as "the unknown girl", allegedly due to antisemitism from Soviet authorities.[6] Up to 2009, Bruskina's name was not acknowledged on the memorial plaque at the execution place. However, since 2009, a new memorial plaque at the execution place has been placed. The Russian inscription now reads "Here on October 26, 1941 the Fascists executed the Soviet patriots K. I. Truss, V. I. Sherbateyvich and M. B. Bruskina". Bruskina was first recognized in the 1960s, as most of her family and friends had been killed in the Minsk Ghetto.[7] A monument for Bruskina was erected in HaKfar HaYarok in Israel, and a street was named after her in Jerusalem. References1. ^http://spartacus-educational.com/2WWbruskina.htm * Cholawski, Shalom. "Minsk", in Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust vol. 3, p. 975. Captioned photograph of Masza Bruskina's hanging.2. ^http://www.auschwitz.dk/masha.htm 3. ^USA v KAZYS CIURINSKAS 4. ^http://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa12790 5. ^A Historical Injustice: the case of Masha Bruskina; by Nechama Tec and Daniel Weiss, University of Connecticut in Stamford, Johns Hopkins University Holocaust and Genocide Studies; 1997 11(3):366-377; {{doi|10.1093/hgs/11.3.366}} 6. ^{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D0ojAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zM4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1880%2C348797 | title=Did Soviets hide identity of executed teen in 1941? | work=The Palm Beach Post | date=Sep 16, 1987 | accessdate=30 May 2015 | author=Keller, Bill | pages=D1}} 7. ^http://spartacus-educational.com/2WWbruskina.htm External links
13 : 1924 births|1941 deaths|People from Minsk|Belarusian Jews|Soviet Jews|Children in war|Female resistance members of World War II|Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust|Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany|Belarusian people executed by Nazi Germany|Executed Belarusian people|People executed by Germany by hanging|Executed Soviet people from Belarus |
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