| 词条 | Mashramani | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The word "Mashramani" is derived from an Amerindian language and in Guyanese English means "celebration after cooperative work".[3] It is one of the most colourful of all the country's festivals, and one of the few that involves all Guyanese ethnic groups.[1] There are spectacular costume competitions, float parades, masquerade bands, and dancing in the streets to the accompaniment of steel band music and calypsos. Masquerades frequent the streets performing acrobatic dance routines, a vivid reminder of Guyana's African heritage. Calypso and chutney music competitions are another integral part of Mashramani, and this culminates in the coronation of a King or Queen for the particular year.[4] OriginThe Jaycees of Linden had, since Guyana became independent in 1966, been organizing an Independence Carnival in Mackenzie. When Guyana became a Republic in February 1970, they formed a Jaycees Republic Celebrations Committee. Basil Butcher was selected as Chairman but due to his being selected to tour Australia with the West Indies Cricket Team, Jim Blackman was appointed as the Deputy to carry on. A broad based committee including resource personnel such as Wordsworth McAndrew, Arthur Seymour, and Adrian Thompson, began the organization of the Carnival activities. The search for a name to replace Carnival began and it was suggested by Basil Butcher that an Amerindian name be chosen. This was agreed to and several individuals including Mr. Allan Fiedtkou, an Amerindian, were contacted. Mr. Fiedtkou held discussions with his grandfather who explained a type of Festival that was held by Amerindians whenever they gather to celebrate a special event. This event he said was like "Muster Many" (or Mashirimehi in Amerindian) and sounded in Arawak like Mashramani. Steps were taken to confirm this. Adrian Thomson concluded that since no one could have confirmed or denied that the Arawak word for Festival was Mashramani, then the Festival could be called Mashramani. On 23 February 1970 the Festival called "Mashramani" was a huge success with people drawn from all Regions of Guyana to Linden welcoming Guyana's status as a republic with over three days of frolic and fun. After witnessing the massive crowds, glitter and level of competition, Mr. David Singh, a Government Official, held discussion with the Jaycees Committee about bringing the event to Georgetown, the nation's capital. Approval was also given by the then President Forbes Burnham for Mash to be a National Event for the Republic celebration. Mash activities were rotated in Linden, Berbice and Georgetown but due to sponsorship, the Costume Bands contest remained in Georgetown. Celebration{{Expand section|date=February 2008}}With Guyana being as large as it is, people travel from miles out of town to be a part of the celebrations, with children, food and all, because they see this day as a day of celebration. The Mash Day depicts a hive of activity from Vlissingen and lrving streets all the way to the National Park, with an air of expectancy. Thousands of people summon to the streets to participate in the annual Mashramani celebrations, which has been a part of Guyanese culture for over 50 years. Mashramani also includes Jouvert,which is the night before Carnival.The celebration involves calypso/soca bands and their followers dancing through the streets. The festival starts well before dawn and peaks a few hours after sunrise. Jouvert was never a celebration in Guyana. This is the celebration before Carnival in Trinidad. Carnival (Mashramani) datesThe table shows a list of Guyana Carnival (Mash) dates, 2013 to 2019.
See also{{portal|Guyana}}
External links
References1. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Peoples of the Americas - Volume 6 |page= 321|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0761470565|isbn=0761470565|year=1999 }} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}{{Carnival around the world}}2. ^{{Cite news|title=Mtashramani 2016 launched |date=2015-11-21|url=http://guyanachronicle.com/2015/11/21/mashramani-2016-launched|newspaper=Guyana Chronicle}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language |page=267|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiQjAQAAIAAJ|author1=Tom McArthur|author2=Roshan McArthur |year=1998 }} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|title=The Origin And Celebration Of Mashramani|date=2017-02-22|url=http://www.guyanapremier.com/single-post/2017/02/22/The-Origin-And-Celebration-Of-Mashramani|newspaper= Guyana Premier}} 5 : Music festivals in Guyana|Festivals in Guyana|February observances|Folk festivals in Guyana|Carnivals in Guyana |
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