| 词条 | Sand Point Light |
| 释义 |
| image_name = Sand Point Lighthouse MI.jpg | caption = Sand Point Lighthouse | location = Escanaba, Delta County Michigan | coordinates = {{coord|45|45|N|87|02|W|region:US-MI_type:landmark|display=inline}}[1] | yearbuilt = 1867 | yearlit = 1868 | automated = | yeardeactivated = 1939 | foundation = natural/emplaced | construction = brick[2] | shape = square tower with octagonal lantern[3][4] | marking = white w black parapet & lantern, red roofs | height = {{convert|44|ft|m}}[5] | focalheight = {{convert|44|ft|m}}[3][6] | lens = Fourth order Fresnel Lens | currentlens = Fourth order Fresnel Lens (replica)[7] | intensity = | range = {{convert|13|mi|km}}[8] | characteristic = white light, 3 s on, 3 s off[8][9] | admiralty = | NGA = | ARLHS = USA-726[10][11] | USCG = | module = {{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name =Sand Lighthouse | nrhp_type = | image = | caption = | location= 12 Waterplant Rd., Escanaba, Michigan | coordinates = {{coord|45|44|40|N|87|2|40|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Michigan#USA | area = | built =1868 | architect= United States Lighthouse Service | architecture= Lighthouse | added = December 1, 1997 | governing_body = Delta County Historical Society[2] | refnum=97001474[12] | designated_other1 = Michigan State Historic Site | designated_other1_date = February 25, 1988 | designated_other1_number = | designated_other1_num_position = bottom }}}} The Sand Point Lighthouse is located in Escanaba, Michigan, United States, on Lake Michigan's northern shore. Since 1989, it has been an unofficial aid to navigation.[9] Though it is an operational aid to navigation.[7] The restored lighthouse is now open to the public during the summer months. It is also known as the Escanaba/Sand Point (Little Bay de Noc) Light[1] or the Escanaba Light.[13] This Sand Point Light is one of two bearing that name in Michigan. The other is in Baraga.[9] HistorySoon after it became a town in 1863, Escanaba was quickly growing as an important shipping port. The Peninsula Railroad was completed in 1864, which linked Escanaba to the iron mines of the Upper Peninsula to the north. Iron ore docks were built in the Escanaba harbor and the shipping of iron ore to steel mills along the Great Lakes became Escanaba's leading industry. As shipping traffic increased dramatically, so did the need for some sort of light structure to guide the ships in and out of the harbor and to warn them of the treacherous sand shoals that reached out into Little Bay de Noc from Sand Point,[14] a sandspit located just south of and adjacent to the harbor area. The United States Lighthouse Service approved construction of the Sand Point Lighthouse at a cost of $11,000. Construction began in the fall of 1867 and was completed in early spring 1868. The light first shone on the night of May 13, 1868. The Sand Point Lighthouse is a story-and-a-half rectangular building with an attached brick tower. The tower is topped with a cast iron lantern room which houses a fourth order Fresnel lens, emitting a fixed red light with a radiating power of {{convert|11.5|mi|km}}. A unique distinction concerning the Sand Point Lighthouse is that it was constructed with its tower facing the land instead of facing the water. Whether this orientation was intentional or an engineering blunder is unknown. John Terry was appointed the first lighthouse keeper of the new lighthouse in December 1867, but he became very ill and died in April 1868 a month before the lighthouse was ready to be manned. With the lighthouse nearly completed but with no lightkeeper ready to report to duty, John Terry's wife, Mary, was appointed lightkeeper and subsequently became one of the first female lightkeepers on the Great Lakes. Mary Terry was a well-respected citizen in the community and fulfilled her duties as lightkeeper with efficiency and dedication. She was lightkeeper from 1868 to 1886, when a mysterious fire severely damaged the lighthouse[15] and took her life. To date, no one knows exactly what happened or why it happened. Some speculate that it was an attempted burglary and that the suspect set the lighthouse afire to cover any evidence of wrongdoing. The south entrance door showed signs of forced entry, yet none of Mary Terry's valuables were taken. With the lighthouse badly damaged, restoration took nearly two full months and a new lightkeeper, Lewis Rose, was appointed to take over.[16] Over the years a number of changes took place at the Sand Point Lighthouse. Perhaps the most significant was when the lighthouse was hooked up to the city's electric supply in 1913. This meant that the kerosene lamp was removed from within the lens and replaced with an incandescent light bulb. The Coast Guard yearsA total of nine lightkeepers and their families lived in the Sand Point Lighthouse from its inception in 1868 to its deactivation in 1939. It was in this year that the United States Coast Guard took over all navigational lights in the country from the National Lighthouse Service. The Coast Guard constructed an automated crib light several hundred feet offshore, which replaced the function and duties of the Sand Point Lighthouse and its lightkeeper. The automated crib light is still in use today and can be seen from the tower of the Sand Point Lighthouse. The Sand Point Lighthouse was no longer operational, but it continued to serve as housing for Coast Guard seaman who were assigned to duty in Escanaba. Upon using the lighthouse as their residence, the Coast Guard made many changes to the structure. The lantern room was removed and the tower was lowered by ten feet. In addition, the roof was raised to create a full second floor, several windows were added and the entire building was covered in aluminum siding. With these changes, the Sand Point Lighthouse was barely recognizable. RestorationAfter a dedication ceremony in July 1990, the newly restored Sand Point lighthouse was opened to the public. Each year the lighthouse is open from Memorial Day to October 1, giving visitors a chance to climb the tower and witness what it would have been like to be a lightkeeper around the turn of the 20th century.[19] An admission fee is charged. The light is listed on the National Register of Historical Places, Reference #97001474. Name of Listing: Sand Point Lighthouse. It is also on the state inventory list, beginning in 1989.[2] GallerySee also
References1. ^1 Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society. 2. ^1 2 National Park Service, Maritime Heritage Project, Inventory of Historic Lights, Sand Point Light. 3. ^1 2 Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Sand Point (Escanaba) Light. 4. ^{{cite uscghist|MI}} Sand Point (Escanaba) Light 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/lists/towers.htm |author=Pepper, Terry |work=Seeing the Light |title=Database of Tower Heights |publisher=terrypepper.com}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/lists/focalheight.htm |author=Pepper, Terry |work=Seeing the Light |title=Database of Focal Heights |publisher=terrypepper.com}} 7. ^1 Lighthouse depot, Sand Point (Escanaba) Light. 8. ^1 {{cite uscgll|7||}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite rowlett|miup}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://wlol.arlhs.com/lighthouse/USA726.html|title=Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, Sand Point (Escanaba) (Lake Michigan) Light ARLHS USA-726}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://arlhs.com/awards/U_list.html |title=Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, World List of Lights. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421203756/http://arlhs.com/awards/U_list.html |archivedate=2009-04-21 |df= }} 12. ^{{NRISref|2009a}} 13. ^{{cite book | year = 2002 | title = Michigan Atlas and Gazetteer (10th ed.) | publisher = DeLorme | location = Yarmouth, Maine | id = }} 14. ^Lighthouse Central, Sand Point Light (Escanaba), The Ultimate Guide to Upper Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach. (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - 2007). {{ISBN|978-0-9747977-2-4}}. 15. ^Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses. Detroit News 16. ^Mason, Kathy S. Mystery at Sand Point Lighthouse, Michigan History Magazine, September/October 2003. 17. ^Wobser, David, Sand Point Light (Escanaba), boatnerd.com. 18. ^A photo of the installed Fourth Order Fresnel lens at Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Terry pepper.ocm 19. ^1 Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Sand Point Lighthouse, Escanaba, Michigan.
|first = Terry |last = Pepper |title = Seeing The Light:Tower Heights |url = http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/lists/towers.htm |accessdate = 2008-11-01}} Specialized further reading
External links
5 : Lighthouses completed in 1868|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan|Michigan State Historic Sites|National Register of Historic Places in Delta County, Michigan|1868 establishments in Michigan |
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