“Masovian Voivodeship”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mazovian Voivodeship or Mazovia Province^[4] ({{lang-pl|województwo mazowieckie}} {{IPAc-pl|w|o|j|e|'|w|u|c|t|f|o|-|m|a|z|o|'|w|J|e|t|s|k|J|e}}) is the largest and most populous of the 16 Polish provinces, or voivodeships, created in 1999. It occupies {{convert|35579|km2|sqmi|0}} of east-central Poland, and has 5,324,500 inhabitants.^[1] Its principal cities are Warsaw (1.749 million) in the centre of the Warsaw metropolitan area, Radom (226,000) in the south, Płock (127,000) in the west, Siedlce (77,000) in the east, and Ostrołęka (55,000) in the north. The capital of the voivodeship is the national capital, Warsaw.

The province was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Warsaw, Płock, Ciechanów, Ostrołęka, Siedlce and Radom Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The province's name recalls the traditional name of the region, Mazowsze (sometimes rendered in English as "Mazovia"), with which it is roughly coterminous. However, southern part of the voivodeship, with Radom, historically belongs to Lesser Poland, while Łomża and its surroundings, even though historically part of Mazovia, now is part of Podlaskie Voivodeship.

It is bordered by six other voivodeships: Warmian-Masurian to the north, Podlaskie to the north-east, Lublin to the south-east, Świętokrzyskie to the south, Łódź to the south-west, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian to the north-west.

Mazovia is the centre of science, research, education, industry and infrastructure in the country.^[5] It currently has the lowest unemployment rate in Poland and is classified as a very high income province.^[5] Moreover, it is popular among holidaymakers due to the number of historical monuments and greenery; forests cover over 20% of the voivodeship's area, where pines and oaks predominate in the regional landscape.^[6] Additionally, the Kampinos National Park located within Masovia is a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve.

Administrative division

Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties (powiats): 5 city counties (miasto na prawach powiatu) and 37 "land counties" (powiat ziemski). These are subdivided into 314 gminas, which include 85 "urban gminas".

Cities and towns

The voivodeship contains 85 cities and towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2006):^[7]

Protected areas

Protected areas in Masovian Voivodeship include one National Park and nine Landscape Parks. These are listed below.

Most popular surnames in the region

Historical

Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)

Masovia Voivodeship, 1526–1795 ({{lang-pl|Województwo Mazowieckie}}) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century until the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province (prowincja) of Masovia.

Masovian Voivodeship (1816–1837)

Masovian Voivodeship was one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland. It was formed from Warsaw Department, and transformed into Masovia Governorate.

Transport

There are three main road routes that pass through the voivodship: Cork–Berlin–Poznań–Warszawa–Minsk–Moscow–Omsk, Prague–Wrocław–Warsaw–Białystok–Helsinki and Pskov–Gdańsk–Warsaw–Kraków–Budapest.

Currently, there are various stretches of autostrada in the area, with the A2 autostrada connecting the region, and therefore the capital city, with the rest of Europe. The autostrada passes directly through the voivodship from west to east, connecting it with Belarus and Germany. However, the A2 is yet to be built east of Warsaw to connect Poland with Belarus. Also, expressways are being built to connect Warsaw with Lublin and Białystok in the neighbouring eastern voivodeships-with the expressway to Bialystok being almost finished.

Economy

Mazovian Voivodeship is the wealthiest province in Poland. It produces 22% of Polish GDP, and GDP per capita is 160% of country average.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate stood at 4.8% in 2017 and was higher than the national and the european average.^[8]

Gallery

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://warszawa.stat.gov.pl|title=Urząd Statystyczny w Warszawie|first=ideo -|last=www.ideo.pl|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}
2. ^http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8700651/1-28022018-BP-EN/15f5fd90-ce8b-4927-9a3b-07dc255dc42a
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}
4. ^Arkadiusz Belczyk, Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski [Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English], 2002-2006.
5. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.aquatherm-warsaw.com/why-warsaw/|title=WHY WARSAW? - Aquatherm Warsaw|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mazowieckie.pl/en|title=Mazowieckie Province|first=JSK|last=Internet|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/45_655_PLK_HTML.htm |title=GUS - Główny Urząd Statystyczny - Błąd 404. Strona o podanym adresie nie istnieje |language=pl |publisher=Stat.gov.pl |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505094648/http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/45_655_PLK_HTML.htm |archivedate=2008-05-05 |df= }}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=de&pcode=tgs00010&plugin=1|title=Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region|last=|first=|date=|website=Eurostat|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}