| 词条 | Sangyō Gisho |
| 释义 |
The {{nihongo|Sangyōsho|三経義疏|"Annotated Commentaries on the Three Sutras"}} is the title of three annotated commentaries on important Buddhist sutras: {{nihongo|Hokke Gisho|法華義疏|}}, {{nihongo|Shōmangyō Gisho|勝鬘経義疏|}}, and {{nihongo|Yuimagyō Gisho|維摩経義疏|}}. Hokke GishoAn annotated commentary on the Lotus Sutra; four volumes in length. It is based on the annotated text Fahuayiji (法華義記) by Liang dynasty monk Fayun (法雲, 467-529). Approximately 70% of the contents are identical. According to tradition{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}, the Hokke Gisho was composed in 615 and is the oldest Japanese text. Records indicate that the manuscript was discovered by Gyōshin (行信), the monk who erected the Hōryū-ji Tō-in, and the manuscript was kept at this temple for centuries until 1878, when it was presented to Emperor Meiji as a gift. Shōmangyō GishoAn annotated commentary on the Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra; one volume in length. It is based on annotated texts of the Liang dynasty monk Min (旻, 467-527). Traditionally said to have been completed in 611. Yuimagyō GishoAn annotated commentary on the Vimalakirti Sutra; three volumes in length.[1] It is based on annotated texts of the Liang dynasty priest Zhizang (458-522). Traditionally said to have been completed in 613. AuthorshipAlthough traditionally attributed to the semi-mythological Prince Shōtoku, current scholarly consensus disputes this and the actual authorship of the texts are unknown. The Hokke Gisho contains a note stating, "This book belongs to the private collection of King Jōgū [Prince Shōtoku] and is not from overseas." However, the brush style is different from the main text and is believed to have been later added by the priest Gyōshin.[2] The Nihon Shoki records that in 606, Prince Shōtoku taught the Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra and the Lotus Sutra, hence the belief that he authored all three.{{quote|On the seventh month of autumn, the empress summoned Hitsugi no Miko and commanded him to teach the Srimala Sutra. He finished in three days. This year, Hitsugi no Miko next taught the Lotus Sutra at Okamoto Palace. The empress was most pleased and presented Hitsugi no Miko with Tamomo Tokoro in Harima Province.[3]}} Only the Hokke Gisho remains in original manuscript form, while the Shōmangyō Gisho and Yuimagyō Gisho exist only from later copies. The oldest text to attribute the Sangyōsho to Shōtoku Taishi is the 747 {{nihongo|Hōryūji Garan Engi Narabini Ruki Shizaichō|法隆寺伽藍縁起并流記資財帳|}}. In addition, sutra records found in the Shōsōin documents credit King Kamitsumiya, one of Shōtoku Taishi's titles, for the annotated Lotus and Srimala sutras. While historical records attribute these works to Shōtoku Taishi, a number of issues and problems have been pointed out.[4]
The precise development of these texts is strongly argued in modern scholarship with many alternative hypotheses. These include:
There is no academic consensus on the true authorship. If authorship is assigned to Prince Shōtoku, then the works would need to have been completed before 622 when he died. Notes1. ^Hubbard (2012) 2. ^Nakamura (2007: 5) 3. ^Sakamoto, page 188 4. ^Nakamura (2007: 6–7) References
| last = Ienaga | first = Saburō |author2=Fujieda, Akira |author3=Hayashima, Kyōshō |author4=Tsukishima, Hiroshi | title = Nihon Shisō Taikei 2: Shōtoku Taishi Shū | publisher = Iwanami Shoten | year = 1975 | language = Japanese | id =
| last = Nakamura | first = Hajime |author2=Hayashima, Kyōshō | title = Shōmankyō Gisho, Yuimakyō Gisho (shō) | publisher = Chūōron Shinsha | year = 2007 | language = Japanese | isbn = 978-4-12-160095-0
| last = Sakamoto | first = Tarō | authorlink = |author2=Ienaga, Saburō |author3=Inoue, Mitsusada |author4=Ōno, Susumu | title = Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Nihon Shoki (vol. 2) | publisher = Iwanami Shoten | year = 1965 | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | isbn = 4-00-060068-0
| last = Takitō | first = Sonkyō |author2=Tamura, Kōyū |author3=Hayashima, Kyōshō | title = Hokke Gisho (shō), Jūshichijō Kenpō | publisher = Chūōron Shinsha | year = 2007 | language = Japanese | isbn = 978-4-12-160096-7{{DEFAULTSORT:Sangyo Gisho}} 4 : Asuka period|Old Japanese texts|Mahayana sutras|Mahayana texts |
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