1. History
    From Bishnupur kingdom to the British Raj  Red corridor 

2. Geography
    Gram panchayats 

3. Demographics
    Population  Literacy  Languages and religion 

4. BPL families

5. Economy
    Infrastructure  Agriculture  Handloom and pottery industries  Banking 

6. Transport

7. Education

8. Healthcare

9. References

Sarenga is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Khatra subdivision of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History

From Bishnupur kingdom to the British Raj

From around the 7th century AD till around the advent of British rule, for around a millennium, history of Bankura district is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of Bishnupur. The Bishnupur Rajas, who were at the summit of their fortunes towards the end of the 17th century, started declining in the first half of the 18th century. First, the Maharaja of Burdwan seized the Fatehpur Mahal, and then the Maratha invasions laid waste their country.^[1]

Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760. In 1787, Bishnupur was united with Birbhum to form a separate administrative unit. In 1793 it was transferred to the Burdwan collectorate. In 1879, the district acquired its present shape with the thanas of Khatra and Raipur and the outpost of Simplapal being transferred from Manbhum, and the thanas of Sonamukhi, Kotulpur and Indas being retransferred from Burdwan. However, it was known for sometime as West Burdwan and in 1881 came to be known as Bankura district.^[1]

Red corridor

106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being part of the Left Wing Extremism activities, constitutes the Red corridor. In West Bengal the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there had been no reported incidents of Maoist related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years.^[2]

The CPI (Maoist) extremism which started in the district in the mid-nineties was mainly concentrated in five police station areas of Khatra subdivision – Sarenga, Barikul, Ranibandh, Raipur and Simlapal. They also functioned across the adjoining areas of Paschim Medinipur and Purulia districts.^[3]

The Lalgarh movement, which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt on Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas.^[4] The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement was Lalgarh, it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of CRPF and other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the 2011 state assembly elections and change of government in West Bengal. The death of Kishenji, the Maoist commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.^[4][5]

Geography

Sarenga is located at {{coord|22.7667|N|87.0333|E|format=dms|}}.

Sarenga CD Block is located in the south-eastern part of the district and belongs to the hard rock area.^[6]

Sarenga CD Block is bounded by Simlapal CD Block on the north, Garhbeta II CD Block, in Paschim Medinipur district, on the east, Binpur I and Binpur II CD Blocks, in Paschim Medinipur, on the south and Raipur CD Block on the west.

It is located 60 km from Bankura, the district headquarters.

Sarenga CD Block has an area of 223.78 km². It has 1 panchayat samity, 6 gram panchayats, 80 gram sansads (village councils), 166 mouzas and 153 inhabited villages. Sarenga police station serves this block.^[7] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Sarenga.

Gram panchayats

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Sarenga CD Block had a total population of 106,808, all of which were rural. There were 54,168 (51%) males and 52,640 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 12,408. Scheduled Castes numbered 31,194 (29.21%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 20,407 (19.11%).

As per 2001 census, Sarenga block had a total population of 95,095, out of which 48,752 were males and 46,343 were females. Sarenga block registered a negative population growth of -11.88 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 13.79 per cent.^[10] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.^[11]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Sarenga CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Sarenga (5,888).^[9]

Other villages in Sarenga CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Goalbari (1,752), Neturpur (1,151), Chiltor (1,011), Bikrampur (1,688) and Garagrya (1,922).^[9]

Literacy

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Sarenga CD Block was 70,096 (74.25% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 40,427 (84.63% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,669 (63.62%) of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 21.01%.^[9]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Languages and religion

Bengali is the local language in these areas.

There is a tribal presence in many of the CD Blocks of the district. Santali is spoken by around 10% of the population in the district. Some people also speak Mundari.^[12]

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 83,534 and formed 78.21% of the population in Sarenga CD Block. Christians numbered 1,382 and formed 1.29% of the population. Muslims numbered 489 and formed 0.46% of the population. Others numbered 21,403 and formed 20.04% of the population.^[13] Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,^[14] and other religious communities.^[13]

BPL families

In Sarenga CD Block 41.57% families were living below poverty line in 2007.^[15]

Migration has been observed in the following CD Blocks of Bankura district: Bankura I, Chhatna, Saltora, Indpur, Ranibandh, Hirbandh, Khatra, Raipur and Sarenga. Although authentic figures are not available, a sample survey has been done. According to the sample survey, around 54.5% to 85.4% of the families on an average migrate from these blocks. Another study shows that around 23% of the people from the under-privileged blocks in the western and southern Bankura migrate. Those migrating belong mostly to the SC or ST population. They migrate for periods varying from 15 days to 6/8 months. Most people migrate to meet their food deficit and go to Bardhaman and Hooghly districts but some go to Gujarat and Maharashtra as construction labour.^[15]

Economy

Infrastructure

151 or 91% of mouzas in Sarenga CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.^[16]

153 mouzas in Sarenga CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 51 fertiliser depots, 8 seed stores and 39 fair price shops in the CD Block.^[16]

Agriculture

In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Sarenga CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 2.91%, patta (document) holders 9.07%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 9.31%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 27.36% and agricultural labourers 51.35%.^[16]

In 2003-04 net area sown Sarenga CD Block was 12,947 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 10,601 hectares.^[17]

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Sarenga CD Block was 15,370 hectares, out of which 9,723 hectares was by canal water, 950 hectares by tank water, 700 hectares by river lift irrigation, 2,905 hectares by shallow tubewell, 17 hectares by open dug wells and 1,075 hectares by other methods.^[16]

In 2013-14, Sarenga CD Block produced 102,823 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 36,541 hectares, 308 tonnes of wheat from 142 hectares and 22,557,000 tonnes of potatoes from 1,310 hectares. It also produced pulses and mustard.^[16]

Handloom and pottery industries

The handloom industry engages the largest number of persons in the non farm sector and hence is important in Bankura district. The handloom industry is well established in all the CD Blocks of the district and includes the famous Baluchari saris. In 2004-05 Sarenga CD Block had 305 looms in operation.^[18]

Bankura district is famous for the artistic excellence of its pottery products that include the famous Bankura horse. The range of pottery products is categorised as follows: domestic utilities, terracota and other decorative items and roofing tiles and other heavy pottery items. The terracotta and decorative items include horse, elephant, tiger, ox, flower vase, Mansa Saj, ash-tray and other items of religious use. These are produced in the following CD Blocks: Taldangra, Sonamukhi, Sarenga, Bankura I and Bankura II. Around 3,200 families were involved in pottery making in the district in 2002. 107 families were involved in Sarenga CD Block.^[19]

Banking

In 2013-14, Sarenga CD Block had offices of 3 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.^[16]

Transport

In 2013-14, Sarenga CD Block had 6 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 38 km from the CD Block headquarters.^[16]

Education

In 2013-14, Sarenga CD Block had 115 primary schools with 9,179 students, 7 middle schools with 1,219 students, 3 high schools with 1,434 students and 13 higher secondary schools with 10,469 students. Sarenga CD Block had 1 general college with 3,410 students, 2 professional/ technical institutions with 116 students and 111 institutions for special and non-formal education with 4,418 students.^[21]

Healthcare

In 2014, Sarenga CD Block had 1 rural hospital and 1 primary health centres with total 202 beds and 6 doctors. It had 17 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 6,011 patients were treated indoor and 114,455 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.^[22]

References

• Manuk River
• Manukwari blind snake
• Manulea
• Manulea cereola
• Manulea complana
• Manulea lutarella
• Manulea palliatella
• Manulea pseudocomplana
• Manulea pygmaeola
• Manu learning centre
• Manu Learning Centre
• Manu Leguineche
• (Manulife)
• Manulife Bank of Canada (Manulife Bank)
• Manulife China Bank Life Assurance Corporation
• Manulife China Bank Life Assurance Corporation (MCBLife)
• Manulife Financial Centre
• Manulife Financial Corporation
• Manulife Philippines
• Manulis
• Manuloc
• Manu Malik
• Manumation
• Manumea
• Manumission Intelligencier