| 词条 | Matilda of Savoy, Queen of Portugal |
| 释义 |
| image =D. Mafalda de Saboia - The Portuguese Genealogy (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal).png | caption = | succession =Queen Consort of Portugal | reign =1146–1157/1158 | birth_date ={{circa| 1125}} | birth_place =County of Savoy | death_date =4 November {{Death year and age|1157|1125}} | death_place =Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal | spouse =Afonso I, King of Portugal | issue =Infanta Mafalda Urraca, Queen of León Sancho I, King of Portugal Theresa, Countess of Flanders | house =House of Savoy | father =Amadeus III, Count of Savoy | mother =Mahaut of Albon | religion =Roman Catholicism |majesty|consort | place of burial =Santa Cruz Monastery, Coimbra, District of Coimbra, Portugal }} Matilda of Savoy ({{lang-fr|Mathilde}}, {{lang-pt|Mafalda}}; {{circa| 1125}}{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=67}}– 3 December 1157/58{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=227}}) was Queen of Portugal. after her marriage to King Afonso Henriques, the first sovereign of Portugal, whom she married in 1146. OriginsShe was the second or third daughter of Amadeus III, Count of Savoy, Piedmont and Maurienne,{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=67}} and Mahaut of Albon{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=67}} (the sister of Guigues IV of Albon, "le Dauphin"). One of her aunts, Adelaide of Maurienne,was queen consort as the wife of King Louis VI of France, and one of her great-granduncles was Pope Callixtus II whose papacy lasted from 1119 until 1124, the year of his death.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=69}} Possible reasons for her marriageHer father had participated in the Second Crusade and this could have been one of the reasons why she was chosen as the consort of Portugal's first monarch. Such an alliance would contribute to expelling the Moors from Portuguese territory and would also show the new King's independence by selecting a wife outside the sphere of influence of the Kingdom of León.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=67–68}} It is also possible that he was not able to select one of the infantas from the neighboring Iberian kingdoms due to reasons of consanguinity.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=80}} The wedding could have also been suggested by Guido de Vico, the papal representative in the Iberian Peninsula who had been one of the witnesses of the Treaty of Zamora in 1143.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=67–68}} Life as queen consortMatilda first appears with her husband on 23 May 1146 confirming a donation that had been made previously by her mother-in-law, Teresa of León, to the Order of Cluny.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=75}} She was very devoted to the Cistercian Order and founded the Monasterio of Costa in Guimarães and a hospital/hostel for pilgrims, the poor and the sick in Canaveses.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=75}} She stipulated in her will that this hospital was to be kept always clean, that it should be furnished with good and clean beds and that, if any of those lodged at the institution should die there, three masses were to be celebrated for the salvation of their souls.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=75}} Walter Map, in his work, De nugis curialium, tells a story that "the King of Portugal now living", almost certainly Afonso, had been convinced by evil counselors to murder his pregnant wife out of misplaced jealousy. However, there is no other authority for this account, and it is not generally accepted.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|pp=224–225}} Death and burialQueen Mafalda died in Coimbra on 3 December 1157 or 1158{{efn|Mattoso refers to 1157 as the year of her death.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=223}} Portuguese historian La Figanière mentions the same day but a year later based on a document which proves that the queen was still alive in 1158.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=612, n. 33}} The document, dated 1158 and kept at the Torre do Tombo, mentioned by La Figanière refers to the donation of Atouguia by King Afonso and his wife to Guilherme de cornibus where Afonso confirms cum uxore mea Regina domna Mahalda filia comitis Amadei (sic) et de Moriana ("with my wife Queen Mafalda, daughter the Count of Savoy and Maurienne") .{{Sfn|La Figanière|1859|p=231}}}} and was buried at the Monastery of Santa Cruz where her husband, who survived her by more than twenty-seven years, was later interred. She was survived by six of her seven children, only three of whom, infantes Sancho, Urraca and Theresa, would reach adulthood.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=77}} Marriage and issueAlthough the Annales D. Alfonsi Portugallensium Regis, record that the wedding of Alfonso and Mafalda was celebrated in 1145, it was not until a year later, in May 1146, when they both appear in royal charters. Historian José Mattoso refers to another source, Noticia sobre a Conquista de Santarém (News on the Conquest of Santarém), which states that the city was taken on 15 May 1147, less than a year after their marriage. Since at that time no wedding ceremony could be performed during Lent, Mattoso suggests that the marriage could have taken place in March or April of 1146, possibly on Easter Sunday which fell on 31 March of that year.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=220}} The groom was almost thirty-eight years old and the bride was about twenty-one years old. The children of this marriage were:
Notes{{notelist}}ReferencesBibliography{{refbegin}}
8 : 1125 births|1158 deaths|12th-century Italian people|12th-century Portuguese people|12th-century Portuguese women|House of Savoy|Portuguese queens consort|12th-century Italian women |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。