| 词条 | SAS Umkhonto | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SAS Umkhonto (S98), formerly SAS Emily Hobhouse, was the second of three French-built {{sclass-|Daphné|submarine}}s ordered by the South African Navy in 1968. Laid down in December 1968 and launched on 24 October 1969 and commissioned into the South African Navy under the command of Lt Cdr Lambert Jackson "Woody" Woodburne on 26 February 1971.[1] The submarine was decommissioned in 2003 and scrapped in 2008. Ship nameThe first ships of the class in the French Navy were named after women, and the South African Navy followed this tradition. The submarine was christened SAS Emily Hobhouse after Emily Hobhouse, the British humanitarian and philanthropist who exposed the atrocious conditions into which some British concentration camps imprisoning the Afrikaner population had deteriorated into during the Boer War in South Africa. Beginning in 1994, with the end of apartheid in South Africa, ships bearing names of noted European South African figures were renamed, and the vessel became SAS Umkhonto. Umkhonto is the Zulu word for spear.[2] Operational historyIn 1972, SAS Emily Hobhouse, under the command of Lt Cdr Lambert Jackson Woodburne, landed Special Forces troops, led by Commandant Jan Breytenbach near Dar es Salaam.[3] The Special Forces team placed explosives on a bridge, power lines and targets around town. While making the pickup rendezvous, the submarine snagged a fishing net and sunk the fishing vessel dragging the net.[3] On 17 February 1982, SAS Emily Hobhouse was part of a submarine officer commanding course exercise the took place {{convert|80|nmi|km}} off Cape Point. Her mission was to pass through the security screen provided by the frigates {{SAS|President Kruger|F150|6}}, and SAS President Pretorius and simulate an attack on the replenishment ship, {{SAS|Tafelberg}}, which the frigates were protecting. The heavy seas were causing clutter on the radar screens and the execution of a World War II-era convoy maneuver in the rough seas ended in a collision at 4:23am between Tafelberg and President Kruger which resulted in minor damage to Tafelberg and the sinking of President Kruger on the morning of 18 February with a loss of 16 lives.[4] SAS Umkhonto was paid off in 2003 and scrapped in 2008.[5] References1. ^{{cite book|last=Couhat|first=Jean|title=Combat Fleets of the World 77|publisher=Ignatius Press|location=San Francisco|isbn=0-87021-183-8}} {{commonscat|S98 Emily Hobhouse (ship, 1971)}}{{Daphné class submarines}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Umkhonto, SAS}}2. ^http://isizulu.net/ 3. ^1 {{cite book|last=Stiff|first=Peter|title=The Silent War|year=1999|publisher=Galago Publishing|isbn=0620243007|pages=50, 51}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=SA Frigate Goes Down |website=saspresidentkruger.com |date=4 June 2010 |url=http://saspresidentkruger.com/pageID_8128624.html |accessdate=4 June 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5qEDl4xh3 |archivedate=4 June 2010}} 5. ^SAS Assegaai to be preserved as museum, Defenceweb.co.za; accessed 4 December 2013. 4 : Submarines of the South African Navy|Ships built in France|1962 ships|Daphné-class submarines of the South African Navy |
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