| 词条 | Sataf |
| 释义 |
| name = Sataf | native_name = صطاف | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = Sataf15.jpg | imagesize = 200 | image_caption = Remains of Sataf village | etymology = from a personal name[1] | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|31|46|9|N|35|7|38|E|type:city_region:IL|display=inline,title}} | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 162/130 | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Jerusalem | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = July 13–14, 1948[2] | established_title2 = Repopulated dates | area_footnotes = [3] | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 3,775 | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 540[4][3] | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by Yishuv forces }} Sataf (Arabic: صطاف, Hebrew: סטף) was a Palestinian village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was located 10 km west of Jerusalem, with Sorek Valley (Arabic: Wadi as-Sarar) bordering to the east. Two springs, Ein Sataf and Ein Bikura flow from the site into the riverbed below. A monastery located across the valley from Sataf, i.e. south of Wadi as-Sarar, known by local Arabs as Ein el-Habis (the "Spring of the Hermitage"), is officially called Monastery of Saint John in the Wilderness. Today it is a tourist site showcasing ancient agricultural techniques used in the Jerusalem Mountains. HistoryChalcolithic periodRemains of a 4,000 BCE Chalcolithic village were discovered at the site. The related traces of agricultural activities number among the oldest in the region.[6] Byzantine periodMost ancient remains date to the Byzantine period.[6] Mamluk periodThe first written mention of the site is from the Mamluk era.[3] Ottoman periodSataf was noted in the Ottoman tax records of 1525-1526 and 1538-1539, as being located in the Sanjak of Al-Quds.[4] According to archaeological work, the village originated in the late 16th century, with the use of several cave−dwellings. Later, houses were erected in front of the caves.[5] In 1838 it was described as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Hasan district, west of Jerusalem.[6] In 1863, Victor Guérin found a village of one hundred and eighty people. He further noted that their houses were standing on the slopes of a mountain, and that the mountainside was covered by successive terraces.[7] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 counted 38 houses and a population of 115, whereby only men were counted.[8][9] In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Setaf as "a village of moderate size, of stone houses, perched on the steep side of a valley. It has a spring lower down, on the north."[10] In 1896 the population of Sataf was estimated to be about 180 persons.[11] British Mandate periodBy the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Sataf had a population of 329; 321 Muslims and 8 Christians.[12] All the Christians were Roman Catholic.[13] The 1931 census lists 381 inhabitants; 379 Muslim and 2 Christian, in a total of 101 houses.[14] In the 1945 statistics the population of Sataf was 540, all Muslims,[15] and the total land area was 3,775 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[16] Of this, 928 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 465 for cereals,[17] while 22 dunams were built-up land.[18] 1948, aftermathOn July 13–14, 1948 the Arab village was depopulated by the Har'el Brigade, during Operation Danny.[24] Sataf and the surrounding area became part of the newly created State of Israel. A short time after the 1948 War, a small group of Jewish immigrants from North Africa settled for a few months in the village area. Subsequently the IDF's Unit 101 and paratroopers used it for training purposes.[3] In the 1980s the Jewish National Fund began the restoration of ancient agricultural terraces, and the area around the springs has been turned into a tourist site. A forest around the site was also planted by the Jewish National Fund.[19] In 1992, Sataf was described as follows: "Many half-destroyed walls still stand, and some still have arched doorways. The walls of a few houses with collapsed roofs are almost intact....The area around the village spring, which is located to the east next to the ruins of a rectangular stone house, has been turned into an Israeli tourist site. A Jewish family has settled on the west side of the village, and have fenced in some of the village area."[20] Shrine of 'UbaydThe shrine (maqam) of 'Ubayd, southwest of the village site, contains a courtyard and three rooms.[5] According to Tawfiq Canaan, Sheikh 'Ubayd "is said to kill any goat or sheep who enters his cave."[21] References1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/326/mode/1up 326] 2. ^Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR20 xx], village #354. Also gives cause of depopulation 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.gemsinisrael.com/the-gems/the-judean-hills/ancient-agriculture-the-sataf/|title=Ancient Agriculture: Sataf - A Reconstruction|first=Yael|last=Adar|publisher=Gems in Israel|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 4. ^Toledano, 1984, pp. 280, 298. Toledano gives its location as 31°46′20″N 35°07′25″E 5. ^1 Petersen, 2001, pp. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 274]−275 6. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/123/mode/1up 123] 7. ^Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog02gu#page/3/mode/1up 3]-4 8. ^Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/160/mode/1up 160] also noted it was located in the Beni Hasan District 9. ^Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n930/mode/1up 122], noted 40 houses 10. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/22/mode/1up 22] 11. ^Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n232/mode/1up 125] 12. ^Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n16/mode/1up 14] 13. ^Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n47/mode/1up 45] 14. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 43] 15. ^1 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25 16. ^1 2 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58 17. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 104 18. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 154 19. ^Sataf from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center 20. ^1 Khalidi, 1992, p. 317 21. ^Canaan, 1927, p. 96 Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
4 : Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War|District of Jerusalem|Archaeological sites in Israel|Springs of Israel |
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