| 词条 | Saunders Valkyrie | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Saunders A.3 Valkyrie was a large three-engined biplane flying boat with a wooden hull built to an Air Ministry specification. It was not found suitable for production and helped to confirm a preference for metal-hulled flying boats. DevelopmentThe Saunders A.3 Valkyrie was built in response to Air Ministry specification 22/24 for a large general duty and patrol flying boat, Saunders receiving an order for a single prototype for trials in February 1925. It was a three-engined biplane with a two step monocoque hull, circular apart from the shallow, curved planing bottom. The fuselage had no internal bulkheads and was deliberately designed to be flexible so as to absorb the shocks of landing, though there was a rigid section under the wings. As with Saunders' other wooden aircraft, Valkyrie's hull was covered with Consuta sewn stress-bearing plywood. It accommodated a crew of five. There was a pair of open tandem cockpits with dual flying controls well forward of the wing leading edge. Below this, aft and in the hull were the navigation and radio operator's position, and further aft, behind the trailing edge there were two gunners' positions, roughly in tandem but offset port and starboard, each fitted with machine guns on Scarff rings. The gunner's cockpit in the nose was similarly equipped. There were bunks and living space for all five crew in the rigid part of the hull. The fin was large and angular, carrying the braced rectangular tailplane with unbalanced elevators above the top of the hull. The fin also carried a large and prominently balanced rudder with a rudder servo surface on outriggers.[1][2] The wings were of equal span and almost no stagger, with slight sweep on the section outboard of the engines. These outboard sections each had two sets of simple vertical interplane struts, carried balanced ailerons on upper and lower planes and a V-bottomed stabilising float mounted clear of the lower wing. The wings were wooden structures with canvas covering, as was the upper centre section. The lower wing centre section was Consuta covered, mounted on a low pylon on the hull and braced to it with large N shaped struts.[1] The centre sections were joined by three sets of steel V-form struts,[3] from which the Valkyrie's three 680 hp (505 kW) Rolls-Royce Condor water-cooled engines were mounted midway between the wings.[1] Operational historyThe Valkyrie flew for the first time around June 1926 in the hands of Frank Courtney and went to Air Ministry trials in the late spring of 1927 where the overall assessment was unenthusiastic.[1] Nonetheless, in August the Valkyrie joined a Scandinavian tour,[4][5] organised by the Flying Boat Development Flight, together with Blackburn Iris, Short Singapore and Supermarine Southampton flying boats. This tour helped the Air Ministry to decide that the future of flying boats was with metal, rather than wooden hulls with their water absorbing properties. The sole Valkyrie was broken up in 1929.[1] Specifications{{aerospecs|ref={{Harvnb|London|1988|p=70}} |met or eng?=eng |crew=5 |capacity= |length m=19.96 |length ft=65 |length in=6 |span m=29.57 |span ft=97 |span in=0 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m=5.63 |height ft=18 |height in=5.5 |wing area sqm=182.8 |wing area sqft=1,967.5 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |wing profile= |empty weight kg=8,097 |empty weight lb=17,851 |gross weight kg=12,066 |gross weight lb=26,600 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=3 |eng1 type=Rolls-Royce Condor IIIA V-12 water-cooled |eng1 kw=505 |eng1 hp=680 |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=192 |max speed mph=119 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh=153 |cruise speed mph=95 |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |range km= |range miles= |endurance h=9.33 |endurance min= |ceiling m=2,926 |ceiling ft=9,600 |g limits= |roll rate= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms=2.97 |climb rate ftmin=initial 585 |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1=3×0.303 in (7.7 mm) Scarff ring mounted Lewis guns in 2×dorsal and 1× nose positions |armament2=2×520 lb (234 kg) or 550 lb (250 kg) bombs |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related= |similar aircraft=
|lists= }} References{{commons category|Saunders-Roe}}Notes 1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Harvnb|London|1988|pp=64–70}} 2. ^Flight, 5 July 1928 3. ^Flight, 21 July 1927 4. ^{{Harvnb|London|1988|p=69}} 5. ^Flight, 18 August 1927, p.579-81 Bibliography
6 : British military aircraft 1920–1929|Flying boats|Saro aircraft|Trimotors|Biplanes|Aircraft first flown in 1926 |
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