| 词条 | Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix= General | name = Lord Aylmer | honorific_suffix= {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|GCB}} | image = GG-Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer.jpg | alt = | order = | office = Governor General of British North America | term_start = 1830 | term_end = 1835 | predecessor = Sir James Kempt | successor = The Earl of Gosford | birth_date = {{Birth date|1775|05|24|df=yes}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1850|02|23|1775|05|24|df=yes}} | death_place = Eaton Square, London | resting_place = West Norwood Cemetery | spouse = | relations = | occupation = | nickname = | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = British Army | serviceyears = | rank = General | unit = | commands = | battles = French Revolutionary Wars Napoleonic Wars
| mawards = Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath }} General Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|GCB}} (24 May 1775 – 23 February 1850) was a British military officer and colonial administrator. Napoleonic WarsAylmer was gazetted ensign in 1787, lieutenant in 1791 and major in 1800, after being held in a French prison for six months in 1798. His career continued as colonel in 1810, being aide-de-camp to King George III between 1810 and 1812 and then major general in 1813. He was present at most of the battles in the Peninsular War. In 1814, following service in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, he was appointed adjutant general of British forces in Ireland, where he remained until 1823. North American administrationAfter reaching the position of lieutenant-general in 1825, Aylmer was, in 1830, appointed commander of British military forces in North America as well as Governor General of British North America and Lieutenant Governor of Lower Canada. Lord Aylmer had no previous experience as a civil administrator and no political experience. He was unable to pacify the growing demands in Lower Canada for responsible government and, in 1834, the radical Assembly of Lower Canada passed 92 resolutions of grievance including a demand that Aylmer be recalled. Lord Aylmer exacerbated ethnic tensions in Lower Canada by favouring the English over the French. The deterioration of the situation led to his recall in 1835.[1] His administration may have been a contributing factor to the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837. Return to EnglandReturning to England, Aylmer was promoted to the rank of general in 1845 but he never obtained a British peerage (his dignity was in the Irish peerage), nor another administrative post. He died at 15 Eaton Square, Belgravia on 23 February 1850, and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. Aylmer's sister Rose Aylmer was the inspiration behind the poem of that name by Walter Savage Landor. FamilyGeneral the Right Honourable Matthew Whitworth, 5th Lord Aylmer, G.C.B., married Louisa Anne Call, daughter of Sir John Call, Bart. on 4 August 1801. When her husband was appointed in 1830 to administer the government of Canada, as Governor-General, from February 1831 to August 1835, the couple entertained at the Castle of St. Louis, Quebec. During the cholera epidemic of 1831–32, she was interested in the relief of the sufferers. Since she was interested in education, she regularly visited and bestowed prizes in the schools. She served as the patroness of the Societe d'Education sous la direction des dames lie Quebec. She died on 13 August 1862.[2] References1. ^{{cite book|first1=Carman|last1=Miller|title=A Knight in Politics: A Biography of Sir Frederick Borden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSpZWPymsdsC|year=2010|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-3730-9|page=166}} 2. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Henry James |editor-link=Henry James Morgan |title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada |location=Toronto |publisher=Williams Briggs |date=1903 |url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/17 |page=17}}
|title=Colonel of the 56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot |years=1827–1832 |before=Sir John Murray |after=Sir Hudson Lowe }}{{Succession box |title=Colonel of the 18th (The Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot |years=1832–1850 |before=The Earl of Donoughmore |after=Sir John Forster FitzGerald }}{{S-gov}}{{Succession box| title=Governor General of British North America | before=Sir James Kempt | after=The Earl of Gosford | years=1830–1835}}{{S-reg|ie}}{{Succession box| title=Baron Aylmer | before=Henry Aylmer | after=Frederick Aylmer | years=1785–1850}}{{S-end}}{{QCLG}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Aylmer, Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron}} 14 : 1775 births|1850 deaths|18th-century English people|19th-century English people|British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars|British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars|Governors of British North America|Barons in the Peerage of Ireland|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|British Army generals|Coldstream Guards officers|Burials at West Norwood Cemetery|English people of Irish descent|56th Regiment of Foot officers |
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