“School for Creative and Performing Arts”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The School for Creative and Performing Arts (SCPA) is a magnet arts school in Cincinnati in the US state of Ohio, and part of the Cincinnati Public Schools (CPS). SCPA was founded in 1973 as one of the first magnet schools in Cincinnati and became the first school in the country to combine a full range of arts studies with a complete college-preparatory academic program for elementary through high school students. Of the approximately 350 arts schools in the United States, SCPA is one of the oldest and has been cited as a model for both racial integration and for arts programs in over 100 cities.{{sfn|Vaccariello|Pyle|1993|p=103|loc="... in the surprisingly well-populated world of art schools (there are over 350 of them) SCPA is one of the oldest and most prestigious"}}^[4]

SCPA had three different homes in its first four years, including a makeshift campus in the Mount Adams neighborhood and another in Roselawn. In 1976, it occupied the Old Woodward High School building, on the site of one of the oldest public schools in the country. The school rose to national prominence in the 1980s, but was nearly closed in the 1990s following a series of scandals, leadership struggles, and an arson fire which destroyed the auditorium. Its reputation recovered in the years that followed and in 2009–10, the school was featured in the MTV reality series Taking the Stage, filmed at the school and featuring SCPA students. In 2010 SCPA combined with the Schiel Primary School for Arts Enrichment to create the first kindergarten through twelfth grade (about ages five to seventeen) arts school and first private sector/public arts school in the US. A new facility in Over-the-Rhine was championed by the late Cincinnati Pops Maestro Erich Kunzel and funded through a unique public-private partnership that raised over $31 million in private contributions to match public funding. The building features specialized facilities for the arts and three separate theaters and is the key to redevelopment plans for the area.

Students must audition for admission; fewer than 20 percent of those who apply each year are accepted. SCPA is free to CPS students but also attracts tuition-paying students from outside the district and the state. The newly combined school will serve approximately 1,300 students in 2010, offering a curriculum designed to prepare students for professional careers in creative writing, dance, drama, music, technical theater, and visual art. The emphasis is on performance, and students in every field are required to perform or present their work in public regularly. Students compete successfully in arts competitions locally and internationally. On standardized tests, SCPA ranks second among Cincinnati public schools. Ninety percent of graduating seniors continue on to college, and those students receive one of the highest levels of scholarship funding in the city. A limited number of extracurricular activities are offered, as students are expected to commit significant after-school time to training and performance. SCPA has produced notable graduates in a wide range of artistic fields, including award-winning actors, singers, directors and technicians.

History

Background

The School for Creative and Performing Arts arose, in part, as a response to the recurring desegregation battles in the Cincinnati Public Schools (CPS) in the late 1960s and early 1970s.{{sfn|Waldrip|1976|p=41}} In a 1965 civil rights suit, the city prevailed when a federal judge found that the schools were not intentionally segregated, but that "the racial composition of each school is simply a result of the racial composition of the neighborhoods which they serve".^[4] By 1971, Cincinnati's neighborhoods and schools had grown more segregated and the Supreme Court of the United States upheld forced busing as a remedy for school segregation in other cities.^[5]

Desiring to avoid such drastic remedies for Cincinnati, newly appointed Superintendent Dr. Donald Waldrip pushed forward a program of alternative schools (later called magnet schools), designed "to calm the desires of parents for academic choice and to stem the demands of federal judges for court-ordered desegregation."{{sfn|Waldrip|1976|p=41}} The theory behind alternative schools was open enrollment: students could attend any alternative school they chose at no cost, so long as an even racial balance at the new school was maintained.{{sfn|Griffin|1977|p=87}} So far as possible, students were admitted to these programs on a one white for one black basis.{{sfn|Jacobs & Felix|1977|p=110}} The School for Creative and Performing Arts was the first alternative school in what would become one of the largest and most robust magnet programs in the country.{{sfn|Griffin|1977|p=85}}{{cref |a}}

In 1965, Robert McSpadden and Bill Dickinson, both music teachers in the Cincinnati Public Schools, founded the Cincinnati All-City Boy Choir, where they were struck by how the discipline they established for the boys in the choir carried over into their academic studies.^[6] They conceived the idea of a school where basic education was combined with intensive attention to children with artistic talents.^[8] With the support of Waldrip and Tom Murray, director for the west-central division of Cincinnati elementary schools, they pushed for $119,000 as part of a tax levy referendum in May 1973; the measure was defeated. The school was approved with a drastically reduced budget of $27,000 plus $9,850 from the Board of Education's general fund. They turned to private funding and won a $292,000 grant from J. Ralph Corbett, one of the city's foremost philanthropists for the arts, and $24,500 for a piano lab from the Baldwin Piano Company, which had manufactured pianos in Cincinnati since 1891.^[7]^[8]

The School for Creative and Performing Arts opened in August 1973, as the only grade four through six school for the performing arts in the country and the first public school that combined all of the arts in a single program.^[7]{{cref |b}} The curriculum included art, instrumental music, choral music, dance and drama, and was not organized strictly by grade, but permitted students to advance as soon as their abilities allowed.^[9] Murray explained:

Founding in Mount Adams (1973–1975)

Dickinson was named coordinator and six weeks later he, McSpadden, Murray and others had selected a staff, developed a program, recruited students, and moved into the Mount Adams Public School building at 1125 St. Gregory Street.{{sfn|Waldrip|1979|p=132}} Described by Cincinnati Magazine as "a quaint village of imaginative, arty residents, unusual shops and restaurants, and historic buildings"^[12] and overlooking downtown Cincinnati and the Ohio River, Mount Adams had been home to the Art Academy of Cincinnati (the museum school of the Cincinnati Art Museum) since 1887, and was a "mecca for students and teachers of art".^[12] The Mount Adams School was nearly defunct, with fewer than 80 students remaining. Fifty of those children, ranging from kindergarten (around age five) to third grade (around age eight) remained alongside the new SCPA. A dozen of the Mount Adams middle school students were accepted into the new program, along with the 140 other fourth through sixth grade pupils selected from schools around the city by audition.

By 1974, SCPA had 332 students, with 500 on the waiting list, and had overflowed into rented space in the surrounding neighborhood, including three rooms at the nearby Holy Cross School, two rooms at the community center two blocks away, and large room for drama above Mike's Meat Market across the street. Students practiced instruments in hallways and restrooms, and the library was in the middle of the second floor hall. Student productions were held in other schools around the city, and the first major musical, Babes in Toyland, was performed at Education Center downtown.{{sfn|Waldrip|1979|p=132}} With plans to expand to ninth grade (around age 14) and 540 students in 1975, and to twelfth grade (around age 17) and 1,400 students in 1977, a new facility had to be found.^[17] Waldrip proposed the school move to the Old Woodward school building, then home of Abigail Cutter Junior High School, in Over-the-Rhine, a predominantly African-American area near downtown. Neighborhood resistance was strong and opponents, arguing that "the school administration was trying to avoid problems of integration by moving an alternative school to Cutter and transferring Cutter students elsewhere",^[13] blocked the plan.^[14]

Councilwoman Bobbie Stern proposed the school move to Cincinnati Union Terminal, a National Historic Landmark which the Historic American Buildings Survey called "a unique and monumental manifestation of Art Deco architecture and interior decoration",^[15] noted for its mosaic murals depicting the history of Cincinnati and its rotunda, {{convert|106|ft|m}} high and {{convert|110|ft|m}} long, the largest semi-dome in the western hemisphere.^[16]^[17] The facility, vacant since it was abandoned by Amtrak in 1972, was to house the school, a maintenance facility for the Queen City Metro transit service, and a new rail terminal for Amtrak. The plan was approved in April 1975 and was due for completion for the 1976 school year.^[18]

Transition in Roselawn (1975–1976)

Temporary space was needed in the interim, and the school relocated its 550 fourth through ninth grade students to rented space in Roselawn, the epicenter of Cincinnati's Jewish Community.{{sfn|Fine|Krome|2007|p=8}}^[19] The school was divided between two buildings, the Yavneh Day School building at 1636 Summit Road and the nearby Jewish Community Center.^[20] The Yavneh Day school, founded in 1952 by parents who wanted to combine secular and Jewish education for their children, moved to Roselawn in 1958 but had outgrown that facility.{{sfn|Fine|Krome|2007|p=115}} The school had no lockers; students carried their belongings between buildings.{{cref|c}} Lunches were delivered from another school and served at a nearby church.^[19]

Dickinson became principal in 1975, and worked to fully integrate the arts into the academic program. "Academics don't end when art, drama or music classes begin," he said, "but blend, in an interdisciplinary approach to education."^[19] Music study included acoustics and the history and architecture of important musical periods; art history was part of the art curriculum and anatomy and physiology were studied in the dance program.^[19] The school was recognized with The Cincinnati Post's Corbett Award in 1976 as "the arts organization making an outstanding contribution to the community".^[6]

The Union Terminal project was derailed when the three prospective tenants failed to agree on how to share the space. Having outgrown its temporary facilities, SCPA was again forced to find a new home for the following year. After examining options including the historic Rockdale Temple and two schools slated to be closed in the city's West End, the school board once again settled on the Old Woodward building, over the objections of the community.^[20]^[21]

Old Woodward and national attention (1976–1990)

SCPA's new home was in the heart of Pendleton district in Over-the-Rhine. One of the largest German-American neighborhoods in the United States in the 19th century and a famed entertainment district at that time, Over-the-Rhine had declined into an impoverished and crime-ridden enclave for migrant Appalachians in the 20th century.{{sfn|Miller|Tucker|1998|pp=1–3, 75, 78}} By 1970, a combination of white flight and the destruction of surrounding slums had transformed the area into Cincinnati's most infamous ghetto.^[22]^[23] It is one of the largest, most intact urban historic districts in the United States and the most dangerous neighborhood in Cincinnati.^[24]{{sfn|Miller|Tucker|1998|p=xix}} The school, with its 650 students, moved into this historic but blighted neighborhood, and its Old Woodward School building at 1310 Sycamore Street.^[6]

Woodward was one of the oldest public schools in the country, founded as the Woodward Free Grammar School in 1831; it was named for William Woodward, a local tanner who donated the land to provide, in his words, "facilities to educate the children of persons who could not afford the expense of private schooling".^[25] The building was replaced once in 1855, and again in 1907 when President William Howard Taft, who graduated from Woodward in 1874, laid the cornerstone of the current building; it opened in 1910.^[26] The site is linked to the Underground Railroad, an informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century black slaves in the United States; Levi Coffin (known as "The President of the Underground Railroad"^[38]) had a home there from 1856 to 1863.^[27] The five-story brick, stone, and terra cotta building is approximately {{convert|225000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}. Designed by Gustav Brach, it was considered "an architectural gem"^[28] in its time, with some of the most modern facilities of its day, including flush toilets, central heating, and two swimming pools.^[29] It is graced with 12 rare Rookwood Pottery drinking fountains from the early 1900s, gifts of the Art League, founded in 1895, which raised dues from students who would then vote on works of art to buy for the school.^[30] The building is part of the Over-the-Rhine National Register Historic District, which encompasses {{convert | 362.5| acre}} of the original German community and adjoins the Sycamore – 13th Street Historic District, which reflects the significant architecture associated with middle and late 19th century Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Italianate styles.^[31]^[32]

Woodward High School moved to a new facility in Bond Hill in 1953, and the building became Abigail Cutter Junior High School (also known as Cutter), named for William Woodward's wife.^[33] SCPA occupied the fourth floor in 1976, and the entire building in 1977, displacing the Cutter students to other public schools.^[29] It graduated its first class in 1979, becoming the first elementary through grade twelve arts program in the country.{{sfn|Waldrip|1979|p=133}} The first so-called "survivors", who began in fourth grade, graduated in 1982.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2007|p=2}}

SCPA continued to attract national attention, and as a local TV special reported, "educators from all over the country flock[ed] to Cincinnati to see how, and why, it works."{{sfn|Cromwell & North|1982|loc=1:15}} In 1981, SCPA was invited to perform The Wiz at the National Theatre in Washington, DC, the "Theatre of the Presidents"^[47] and oldest major touring house in the country, becoming the first non-professional group to perform there since it opened in 1835.^[34]^[35] SCPA student Roscoe (Rocky) Carroll won the 1981 National Endowment for the Arts Talent Search in drama and became a Presidential Scholar in the Arts. The school received the Blue Ribbon School of the United States Department of Education in 1984 and the National Secondary School Merit Award in 1985.^[36]^[37] By 1985, it had been credited as the model for arts schools in 100 cities in the US, Europe, and Asia, and had been cited in textbooks as a model of excellence in school integration.^[38]^[39]

The school relied heavily on donations, which made up over ten percent of the total budget. The Friends of SCPA (commonly known as The Friends), a nonprofit organization led by parents and members of the business and arts communities, had been a vital source of funding since the school's inception.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=130}} In 1984, The Friends raised over $400,000 to pay the salaries of the artistic director, technical director, costume designer, and dance, strings, and production teachers.^[40] In later years, The Friends raised up to $1 million each year through special events, corporate gifts and sponsorships, advertising sales, and other programs to support the artistic needs of the school including staff salaries, production expenses, scholarships for private lessons, and artists in residence.{{sfn|Vaccariello|Pyle|1993|p=101}}

Controversy and comeback (1991–2009)

Scandal erupted when principal Dickinson resigned in 1991, citing health reasons, while under investigation for alleged improper contact with students off school grounds;{{sfn|Vaccariello|Pyle|1993|p=101}} no charges were ever filed. He was succeeded by Dr. Rosalyn England, former principal of Central VPA High School in St. Louis. Controversy continued and between 1992 and 1995, two teachers confessed to having or attempting to have sex with students and two more were investigated for allegations of sexual misconduct.^[41]^[42]^[43] In 1992, open conflict with England led to the departure of original Artistic Director Jack Louiso, whom Dickinson had called "the 'life-blood' of the school's artistic endeavors".{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=130}}{{sfn|Vaccariello|Pyle|1993|p=100}} The artistic program would remain in upheaval; four more artistic directors would come and go under England.^[43] The controversies took a toll; applications suffered, teachers departed, financial support dwindled and the quality of the productions declined.^[43] By 1996, enrollment had fallen from nearly 1,200 to 956.^[44]

In April 1996, an arson fire destroyed the school's auditorium, causing over $1 million of damage;^[43] it was a turning point for a school then dangerously close to closure.^[42] The culprit was never identified. Erich Kunzel, long time Maestro of the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra and nationally renowned as "the Prince of Pops",^[45] announced his vision for a new SCPA campus near Cincinnati Music Hall, which would be part of an arts and education complex that would help revitalize Over-the-Rhine. A campaign was launched that, over the following 13 years, raised funds and made plans for the new facility.^[46]

England abruptly retired in 1997 and was replaced by Jeff Brokamp, who had been principal of the Crest Hills Year-Round School, which had won awards for its all-year curriculum.^[47]{{sfn|Vaccariello|1997|p = 79}} Brokamp, with no previous arts experience, began to turn the school around.^[66] A new emphasis on academics, more Advanced Placement courses and more stringent audition standards that admitted only the most dedicated students led to better test scores and a higher level of artistic talent;^[42] Brokamp pushed to expand the school's vocational training programs in photography, stage management, and costume design by 50 percent.^[48] Applications to audition more than tripled by 2001 and fund-raising rebounded.^[42]

Brokamp resigned and was replaced by Clarence Crum in 2004, who was followed by John Carlisle in 2006. Carlisle went on extended leave in October 2007, pending an investigation into the alleged rape of a former student off school grounds.^[49]^[50]^[51] Carlisle denied the accusation and no criminal charges were filed.^[52] He resigned in March 2008.^[53] According to Cincinnati Magazine, the "scandal launched rumors and confusion"^[54] and "the revolving door of school administrators"^[76] took a toll on faculty and student morale.^[76] Carlisle was replaced by Dr. Jonathan Futch, formerly Assistant Principal at Withrow High School.

Taking the Stage (2009–2010)

The first season, which premiered on March 19, 2009, was the number one primetime cable telecast among females 12–24 years old and one of the top four among all viewers 12–34 years old.^[55] The second season began filming at the school in 2009, and first aired on January 16, 2010.^[56] The show was cut from one hour to 30 minutes and focused on new transfer students instead of current SCPA students, leading some students and parents to complain that the admission process had been compromised. The school denied the claim.^[78]

It ran for 16 episodes, through April 15, 2010. In May 2010, MTV announced there would be no third season.^[57]

The school was paid $10,000 for each of the nine episodes in season one and twelve in season two.^[58] The show attracted international attention for the school and interest from prospective students around the world; applications for admission increased by 60 percent in 2009.^[59]

Washington Park (2010– )

In the aftermath of the 1996 fire, a group of local benefactors led by Kunzel formed the Greater Cincinnati Arts and Education Center (GCAEC) to, in Kunzel's words, "transform the area around Washington Park into a unique arts community that would include a new School for the Creative and Performing Arts."^[60] The GCAEC committed $31 million, the Cincinnati Public Schools $34 million, and the State of Ohio $7 million, to combine SCPA with the Schiel Primary School for Arts Enrichment in one building to create the first public kindergarten through twelfth grade arts school in what the GCAEC called the "nationally unprecedented public school system – private sector partnership".^[61]

Schiel, built in 1911 as an elementary school for the Corryville neighborhood, was converted to a Spanish-language magnet school in 1974 and again to an arts enrichment school in 1985.^[62] Schiel students have been admitted by open enrollment on a first-come-first-served basis.^[63] With 420 kindergarten through third grade students in 2008 (around ages five through nine), 83 percent of them black, 72 percent economically disadvantaged, it has been the primary feeder school for SCPA, for which Schiel students have been required to audition.^[64]^[65] Schiel was one of two CPS schools recognized as a Blue Ribbon School in 2010.^[66]

The construction plans faced opposition from those in the community who feared the project would displace the Drop Inn Center, the region's largest homeless shelter, and the design was revised to build around it.^[67] By 2007, after more than a decade of fund-raising and negotiations, 90 percent of the final $72 million budget had been secured and ground was broken for a new building across from Washington Park in September of that year.^[68]{{cref|d}} The {{convert | 5.75 | acre | adj = on}} park, reclaimed from old burial grounds between 1858 and 1863, is lined with trees and benches and features statues of Friedrich Hecker and Robert Latimer McCook, German-American heroes of the American Civil War.^[69] As Over-the-Rhine has declined, a significant homeless population has overtaken the area.^[70]

The park faces Cincinnati Music Hall, home to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Opera, Cincinnati May Festival, and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra.^[71] Designed by Samuel Hannaford, one of Cincinnati's most important architects, and built with private funds in 1878, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, noting its "stunning composition in the High Victorian Gothic mode".^[72] It was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1974.^[73] Memorial Hall, a Beaux Arts theater built by Hannaford in 1908, is immediately south of Music Hall, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.^[74] Since 2005 the area has also been home to the Art Academy of Cincinnati, founded in 1869. Formerly aligned with the Cincinnati Art Museum, it became an independent college of design in 1998.^[75] Ensemble Theatre Cincinnati and Know Theater are also part of the rich cultural community that has developed around the park and Music Hall.^[76]

The combined school retains the name School for the Creative and Performing Arts.^[77] Private donors will have a significant and ongoing voice in how the school is operated. According to the Cincinnati Enquirer, the school board approved a plan in 2003 to allow the GCAEC to choose five of the twelve members of the Local School Decision-Making Committee (LSDMC), an independent body that provides oversight for the school, as a condition for continued fund-raising.^[78] This private sector oversight has been criticized by union leaders as excluding faculty and staff.^[79] The GCAEC began fundraising for an endowment in 2010, and as of 2010, had pledged to contribute at least $150,000 per year to the school.^[106]

No plans were announced for the Old Woodward building, but it was expected to remain vacant for years.^[106] An Ohio School Facilities Assessment in 2002 reported that it was "very attractive architecturally and merits any means required to preserve it",^[33] and that residential units would be the best use, but that a major redevelopment project, while attractive to private developers, would be prohibitively expensive.^[106] The area surrounding the old building has seen a resurgence in recent years including a public green space named Cutter Playground directly north of the building, currently home to the OTR Urban Kickball League.^[80]^[81]

In November, 2012, the building was sold at auction to Core Redevelopment of Indianapolis for $1.3 million. It had been appraised at $8.5 million. The developer's plans for the building were not made clear at the time.^[82]

Admission

The school has been criticized as "elitist" for its selective admission policies.{{sfn|Cromwell & North|1982|loc=9:02 "It's not easy to get into this school. Everyone has to audition. So far this year, some 1,500 students have auditioned for the 200 spots opening up in the fall. Making youngsters audition has led some to charge that SCPA is elitist."}} Prospective students are evaluated on their artistic sensitivity and potential.{{sfn|Cromwell & North|1982|loc=10:15}} Students entering grades four through six are required to audition in every arts major; older students may audition in only the areas they choose.^[83] Each applicant performs in front of up to seven teachers in different areas in the day-long process, which is designed to ensure that no student is admitted to a program in which they do not belong.{{sfn|Cromwell & North| 1982|loc=9:12 "The reason, obviously, is so that some student does not come here and get hurt. There is nothing worse than being some place you don't belong."}} Admission is granted to students scoring 8 out of 10 points in at least one area.{{sfn|Cromwell & North| 1982|loc=10:15}} On average, 1,700 students apply each year, 1,000 are invited to audition, and 250 are accepted.^[84] Attendance is free for Cincinnati Public School students. Ten percent of students come from outside the district—some from outside the state—and pay tuition to attend. Tuition for the 2006–2007 year was $6,309 for out-of-district students and $9,654 for out-of-state students.^[83]

As a magnet school founded to promote school integration, racial and economic diversity have been important factors in admissions decisions. The student body was 52.1 percent black, 41.7 percent low income, and 7.7 percent disabled in 2009–10.^[85] In 2007, in response to a US Supreme Court decision prohibiting racial criteria for assigning students to public schools, CPS eliminated race and gender as determining factors in magnet school admissions.^[86]^[87] School officials insist this will have little impact, despite parent concerns that the decision will erode diversity.^[87]

Curriculum

Arts

The curriculum is designed to prepare students for professional careers in the arts. Each student concentrates in at least one major area: creative writing, dance, drama, music, stagecraft, and visual art. Younger students often concentrate in two or more. High school students are required to specialize and major only in the areas in which they have potential to do professional work.^[88] Advanced students study up to two hours each day in their major. Forty percent of the students stay at least two hours after school for rehearsals, private lessons, and productions.^[40]

The program stresses discipline and performance. There are no appreciation courses; the curriculum emphasizes that arts appreciation grows from practicing an art.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=128}} The interrelation of the arts is also stressed. All students take at least one course in each major area. A dancer, for example, will be required to study visual art, drama, and music.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=129}}

The visual arts program includes drawing, painting, photography, sculpting, digital art, and art history. The program is highly structured, emphasizing technique and control over free expression, which has attracted criticism from the local art community.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=129}} Art students receive individualized instruction, participate in art exhibits and competitions, undertake commissioned work, and work at in-house galleries and off-site exhibits. Most art majors take Advanced Placement art courses by the end of their sophomore year, and many attend pre-college programs at major universities between their high school years.^[89]

The drama program stresses technique and performance; students must perform in public at least twice a year.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=129}} There are three major dramatic productions each season, and high school students are required to compete in the English Speaking Union Shakespeare Contest. Advanced students audition for the Acting Ensemble Company, which provides a full season of performances in venues outside the school.^[90] The creative writing program focuses on writing as an art in journalism, script writing, poetry, and creative non-fiction.^[91] Students participate in writing competitions, internships, and develop portfolios to showcase their work.^[92]

The dance program was founded on the training principles of the "most famous dance schools of Europe",{{sfn|Cromwell & North | 1982|loc=4:21}} which emphasize body training. All dancers are required to study ballet, but may also learn modern dance, jazz, tap, and other forms of dance.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=129}} There are nine levels of ballet, and students begin intensive training in fourth grade. Dance classes meet for at least two 45-minute periods every day; advanced students may train for three or more. Dance Ensemble, selected by audition, stages public performances throughout the year.^[93]

The instrumental music program offers specializations in orchestra, band, piano, jazz, percussion, and harp. Students major in an instrument and specialized training begins in grade four. Advanced students take private lessons, arranged by the school, and have master classes with guest instructors from the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.^[94] Vocal music students audition to perform in one of 13 vocal performance groups. High school students may audition for the most selective of these, "13th & Broadway", which performs throughout the region.^[95]

The technical theater program offers college-level training in stage management, lighting, sound, and set and costume design. Each specialty has a lab for students to develop concepts and practice technique, and students work side-by-side with professional trades people in their chosen field.^[96]

Student present to the faculty of their major department twice a year in a "proficiency review" to assess their progress. It is a learning experience for younger students, but students in grades 7–12 who fail to attain a passing rating are placed on probation and must pass their subsequent review to be allowed to continue in that major. Students must audition if they wish to change majors for the following year.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2007|pp=21,25}}

The highlight of the performance season is a major musical production which is an important source of revenue for the school.^[48]^[97] There are two ballets each year: The Nutcracker in the winter and a piece from repertoire in the spring. The technical and production aspects of performances are handled entirely by students, a level of responsibility the school claims is unusual even among arts schools.^[98] Strict racial balance is maintained in all school performances through "non-traditional casting",^[36] in which the race of each lead role alternates in each production.{{sfn|Borman|Spring|1984|p=126}}

SCPA students and faculty have performed with professional companies and in major venues including Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center.^[99]^[100] Students are selected to perform with every major local arts company, including the Cincinnati Opera, Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park, and the Cincinnati Ballet, and appear in local television programs and commercials.^[36] SCPA students have performed on PBS with the Cincinnati Pops and toured with Broadway productions including 42nd Street and The King and I.^[40]^[101] Students on tour continue their studies at "set school" and rejoin their classmates when they return.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2007|p=4}}

SCPA students are encouraged to compete in arts competitions at all levels, including international contests like the World Piano Competition and the American High School Theater Festival in Edinburgh.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2007|p=4}} Honors since 2008 have included first place in the Ohioana Robert Fox Award for Young Writers, a bronze medal at the Cincinnati World Piano Competition, top honors at the Days of International Choir Music Competition, and the 2008 Cincinnati Arts Association Overture Award in Visual Art.^[102]

Academics

Students are required to complete a standard CPS academic curriculum alongside their arts studies and the school day is 45 minutes longer than other Cincinnati public schools. SCPA ranks first in the district on standardized test scores at the elementary school level. At the high school level, only Walnut Hills High School, Cincinnati's selective public college preparatory magnet, ranks higher.^[103] In 2009, the graduation rate was 95.5 percent and the mean score on the ACT, a standardized college admissions test, was 23 (at the 69th percentile).^[104]^[105] On the Ohio Department of Education 2009–2010 School Year Report card, SCPA was designated "Effective" and Schiel was designated "Excellent."^[85]^[106] Ninety percent of graduating seniors continue on to college, and those students receive one of the highest levels of scholarship funding in the city. In 2007, the 98 graduating seniors received a combined $7.1 million in scholarships and SCPA averaged $72,449 per student, the third most of any public or private school in Cincinnati.^[40]^[107]

Extracurricular activities

SCPA offers a limited range of sports and other activities compared to other CPS schools, as students are expected to commit significant after-school time to practice and performance. Volunteer community service opportunities are organized by the Positive School Culture committee and made available to students in every grade. Student Council is elected from each grade and raises funds for student activities. National Honor Society (for grades ten to twelve) and National Junior Honor Society (for grades seven through nine) are by invitation only to students who demonstrate outstanding achievement, service, leadership, and citizenship.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2009|pp=28–29}}

German, French, and Spanish clubs are open to all students and plan language-related activities. The Astronomy Club for Girls for fourth through sixth graders takes advantage of the nearby Cincinnati Observatory to explore astronomy. The Brain Bowl team, also for fourth through sixth graders, participates in academic competitions. Students Involved in Fostering Tolerance (SIFT) works to promote tolerance and diversity through awareness field trips and fundraisers.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2009|pp=28–29}}

Student publications include the yearbook, 1310 Address of the Arts, a monthly newspaper published by the Creative Writing department, but open to contributions by all students, and Pandora's Backpages, a full-color magazine featuring creative writing, visual art and musical compositions by students, faculty, and alumni.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2009|pp=28–29}}^[108]

The school competes athletically in Cincinnati's Independent conference in boys' and girls' basketball, boys' baseball, and girls' softball.{{sfn|Student Handbook|2009|pp=28–29}} Intramural sports are open to all high school students.

Campus

A reflective stainless steel panel with a diapering pattern curves around the L-shaped building and an "urban curve"^[85] of zinc wraps the main theater at the front of the building, contrasting with the brick walls of the school, the design and materials of which reflect those used in the building's neighborhood.^[85] The box office is a red, smokestack-shaped structure that projects a beam of light up into the sky.^[85] The four-story, disabled accessible building of {{convert|250000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} combines arts and academic spaces on each floor, arranged by grade, with the youngest students on the lowest floor.^[113] The main entrance features student sculptures selected by contest. An "Avenue of the Arts", with gallery space for more student artwork, links the 750-seat main Corbett Theater, the 350-seat Mayerson Theater, and a 120-seat black box theater. The Corbett Theater has an {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} stage, a hydraulically operated orchestra pit, and is acoustically isolated from the rest of the building.^[114] An outdoor amphitheater is also planned.

The music facilities include rooms for band, orchestra, jazz ensemble, and vocal music, along with a music library, a grand piano studio, and twelve soundproof practice rooms.^[114] Other arts-specific spaces include specialized drama rooms, four rooms for painting and sculpture, and a photography studio with adjoining darkroom. The technical theater facilities include labs for lighting and sound engineering, as well as costume, scenery, and stage prop shops. The main {{convert|5500|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} gymnasium is augmented by a fitness center and six multipurpose spaces for gym and dance. Academic facilities include four project labs, two chemistry rooms, two biology rooms, and a {{convert|4300|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} library, with 45 academic classrooms designed around flexible "extended learning areas"^[114] where students from different classes can study in groups.^[76]

People

SCPA has produced notable graduates in a wide range of artistic fields.^[115] Alumni include Cyrus Vorhis, producer of Bulletproof Monk, Kung Fu Panda, Robin Hood and the Emmy-nominated miniseries Sleeper Cell and Todd Louiso, director of Love Liza and actor in Apollo 13, High Fidelity and other films. Andy Biersack, lead vocalist of Black Veil Brides also attended this school.^[116]

Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning Sex and the City star Sarah Jessica Parker attended SCPA in 4th and 5th grades before leaving to return to her former school, Clifton School. Four-time Emmy nominee Rebecca Budig of soap opera Guiding Light also attended SCPA, as did Emmy-nominated Chicago Hope and NCIS star Rocky Carroll, film and TV actor Jeff Sams, and Baywatch actress Carmen Electra.^[117]^[118]^[119]

Notes

References

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7. ^¹²{{cite news| last = Eliot | first = John | title = Mt. Adams School: They're Writing the 'Book' for Alternative Education | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post | date = October 24, 1973}}
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17. ^{{cite web| url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1257&ResourceType=Building | title = Cincinnati Union Terminal | date = May 5, 1977 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service | accessdate = May 17, 2010}}
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20. ^¹{{cite news| title = Rockdale Temple to House School for Creative Arts | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | date = December 20, 1975}}
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24. ^{{cite web| title = Guide to OTR Architecture | publisher = Over-the-Rhine Foundation | url = http://www.otrfoundation.org/OTR_Architecture.htm | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}
25. ^{{cite book | title = Old Woodward: A Memorial Relating to Woodward High School, 1831–1836, and Woodward College, 1836–1851, In the City Of Cincinnati| publisher = Old Woodward Club (Press of Robert Clarke & Co.) | year = 1884 | pages = 14, 29 | location = Cincinnati | oclc = 247492599}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cpsboe.k12.oh.us/general/History/History.html |title=The Early History of Cincinnati Public Schools |publisher=Cincinnati Public Schools |accessdate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627164917/http://www.cpsboe.k12.oh.us/general/History/History.html |archivedate=June 27, 2008 }}
27. ^¹{{cite news| last = Mrozowski| first = Jennifer| title = SCPA Boasts History Marker | newspaper= The Cincinnati Enquirer| date = January 6, 2004| url = http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/01/06/loc_loc1ascpa.html | accessdate = December 20, 2009}}
28. ^{{cite news | last = O'Niell | first = Tom | title = At This Old School Students Must be Creative to Perform | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = November 15, 2002 | url = https://secure.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1835091951.html?FMT=FT&dids=1835091951:1835091951&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+15%2C+2002&author=Tom+O%27Neill&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&desc=At+this+old+school%2C+students+must+be | format = fee required | accessdate = December 22, 2009 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
29. ^¹{{cite news| last = Petrie| first = Laurie| title =Current SCPA Location Site of 1831 High School | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post| date = April 20, 1996 | url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72895277.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121102221202/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72895277.html | dead-url= yes | archive-date= November 2, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = January 15, 2010}}
30. ^{{cite news| title = The Second Coming of the Art League | last = Bloomfield | first = Maureen | newspaper = Cincinnati Magazine |date = July 1997| volume = 30 | number = 10 | page = 25}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Over-the-Rhine Historic District |work=National Register Historic Districts in Cincinnati |publisher=City of Cincinnati |url=http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-6758-/ |accessdate=May 20, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530062032/http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-6758-/ |archivedate=May 30, 2010 }}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Sycamore-13th Street Grouping Historic District |work=National Register Historic Districts in Cincinnati |publisher=City of Cincinnati |url=http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-9438-/ |accessdate=May 20, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808142153/http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-9438-/ |archivedate=August 8, 2008 }}
33. ^¹{{cite news | title = Historic SCPA Building Soon to be Vacant | last = Fischer | first = Ben | date = April 24, 2010 | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | url = http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100424/NEWS0102/4250358/Old+SCPA+soon+to+be+empty | accessdate = May 20, 2010 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100429094149/http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100424/NEWS0102/4250358/Old+SCPA+soon+to+be+empty | archivedate = April 29, 2010 | df = }}
34. ^¹{{cite web| title = A Narrative History of the National Theatre | publisher = The National Theatre Corporation | url = http://www.nationaltheatre.org/location/narrative.htm | accessdate = May 10, 2010}}
35. ^{{cite news| title = The Baby-Grand 'Wiz' | last = Rosenfeld | first = Megan | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = June 5, 1981 | format = fee required | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/142712182.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS&date=Jun+5%2C+1981&author=By+Megan+Rosenfeld&pub=The+Washington+Post++%281974-Current+file%29&edition=&startpage=D7&desc=The+Baby-Grand+%27Wiz%27 | accessdate = January 24, 2010}}
36. ^¹²{{cite news| last = McCarty| first = Mary| title = A Very Public School | newspaper= Cincinnati Magazine| date = April 1986| volume = 19 | number = 7 | page = A14}}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Blue Ribbon Schools Program |publisher=US Department of Education |page=65 |url=http://www2.ed.gov/programs/nclbbrs/list-1982.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630091138/http://www2.ed.gov/programs/nclbbrs/list-1982.pdf |archivedate=June 30, 2014 |df= }}
38. ^¹{{cite journal| title = A Case for Arts Schools | journal = Design for Arts in Education | volume = 87 | last = Galbraith | first = Bruce W | page = 6 |year = 1985 | issn = 0732-0973 | doi=10.1080/07320973.1985.9940730}}
39. ^{{cite journal | title = Where Magic Happens | journal = The School Musician Director and Teacher | volume = 56 | page = 30 | publisher = Phi Beta Mu | issn = 0036-6676 | year = 1985 | quote = This special place is the model for arts schools in over 100 cities throughout the US, Europe and the Orient}}
40. ^¹²³{{cite news| last = Koff| first = Steven | title = Guide to Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky Public Schools | newspaper= Cincinnati Magazine|date = August 1984|pages = A7–A8 | volume= 17 | number = 11}}
41. ^{{cite news| last = Vaccariello | first = Linda| title =Controversy Follows Principal | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post| date = June 25, 1998 | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72817564.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102190110/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72817564.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=November 2, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = November 27, 2009 }}
42. ^¹²³{{cite news| last = Griggs | first = France | title = The Comeback Kids of SCPA | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post | date = February 17, 2001 | url = http://www.cincypost.com/2001/feb/17/scpa021701.html | accessdate = September 18, 2007 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050110212720/http://www.cincypost.com/2001/feb/17/scpa021701.html | archivedate = January 10, 2005}}
43. ^¹²³{{cite news| last1 = Griggs | first1 = France | last2 = Petrie | first2 = Laurie | title =Show Must Go On for SCPA Students | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post| date = April 20, 1996 | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72895276.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102203054/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72895276.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=November 2, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = December 23, 2009}}
44. ^{{cite news| title = Top High Schools Can't Keep Blacks Cincinnati Working To Retain Minorities | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | last = Griggs | first = France | date = April 11, 1994 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72893696.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040024/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72893696.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = May 25, 2010}}
45. ^{{cite book |title=Music in Ohio|first=William|last=Osborne|location=Kent, Ohio|publisher=Kent State University Press|isbn=0-87338-775-9|page=225 | year = 2004}}
46. ^{{cite news| title = Kunzel's Vision Arts Center 'Team Effort' | last = Hutton | first = Mary Ellyn | date = September 5, 1996 |url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72812126.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72812126.html |dead-url = yes |archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = May 25, 2010 }}
47. ^{{cite news| title =Crest Hills Principal Selected to Lead SCPA | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post| date = July 10, 2007 }}
48. ^¹²{{cite news| last1 = Stein | first1 = Jerry| title =New Team Raises Curtain at SCPA | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post| date = September 2, 1997 | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67845068.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102203104/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67845068.html | dead-url=yes | archive-date=November 2, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = January 3, 2010}}
49. ^{{cite news | title = SCPA chief continues on sick leave | newspaper = Cincinnati Enquirer | last = Fisher | first = Ben | page = B2| url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1713977391.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Feb+5%2C+2008&author=Ben+Fischer&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&edition=&startpage=B.2&desc=SCPA+chief+continues+on+sick+leave | date = August 12, 2007|format = fee required| accessdate = September 19, 2010}}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Principal Accused Of Raping Former Student |work=News 5 WLWT.com |publisher=WLWT-TV |date=February 5, 2008 |url=http://www.wlwt.com/r/14802376/detail.html |accessdate=March 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718073539/http://www.wlwt.com/r/14802376/detail.html |archivedate=July 18, 2011 }}
51. ^{{cite news| title = SCPA principal investigated in rape case | newspaper = Cincinnati Enquirer| date = August 12, 2007 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1717076261.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+8%2C+2007&author=&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=SCPA+principal+investigated+in+rape+case | page = A1 | format = fee required | accessdate = March 6, 2011}}
52. ^{{cite news| last = Perry | first = Kimball | title =Appeals Court Dumps SCPA Rape Case | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = May 21, 2010 |url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/2039289581.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+22%2C+2010&author=Kimball%20Perry&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&desc=Appeals+court+dumps+SCPA+rape+case&pqatl=google| format = fee required | accessdate = September 19, 2010}}
53. ^{{cite news | title = Suite accuses SCPA principal of rape | last = Fisher | first = Ben | newspaper = Cincinnati Enquirer | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1702614161.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jun+18%2C+2008&author=Ben+Fischer&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Suit+accuses+SCPA+principal+of+rape | page = A1 | date = June 18, 2008 | format = fee required | accessdate = March 6, 2011}}
54. ^{{cite news| title = Raising Voices | newspaper = Cincinnati Magazine | last = Sonnenberg | first = Elissa |date = September 2008| url = http://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article.aspx?id=61634 | accessdate = May 25, 2010}}
55. ^{{cite web| title =MTV Delivers Two of Cable's Top 5 Primetime Telecasts Among P12-34: 'Making the Band' and 'Taking the Stage' | work = TV by the Numbers| url = http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/04/03/mtv-delivers-two-of-cables-top-5-primetime-telecasts-among-p12-34-making-the-band-and-taking-the-stage/15911 | accessdate = January 6, 2010}}
56. ^{{cite web| title = Taking the Stage – Season Two | work = MTV.com | url = http://www.mtv.com/shows/taking_the_stage/season_2/series.jhtml | accessdate = January 6, 2010}}
57. ^{{cite news|title=MTV Cancels Taking The Stage|first=John|last=Kiesewetter|work=Cincinnati.com|publisher=Gannett Company|date=May 10, 2010|accessdate=May 7, 2010|url=http://cincinnati.com/blogs/tv/2010/05/05/mtv-cancels-taking-the-stage/|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617155340/http://cincinnati.com/blogs/tv/2010/05/05/mtv-cancels-taking-the-stage/|archivedate=June 17, 2010|df=}}
58. ^{{cite news| last = Fisher| first = Ben | title =SCPA Debuts Tonight | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer| date = March 19, 2009 | url = http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20090319/NEWS0102/903190306 | accessdate = January 6, 2010}}
59. ^¹²{{cite news| title = SCPA Likes Its MTV | last = Kieswetter | first = John | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = January 24, 2010 | url = http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20100123/ENT11/1240323/SCPA-likes-its-MTV | accessdate = January 27, 2010}}
60. ^{{cite news| title = Plans Sees Art World in Washington Park | last = Clark | first = Michael D | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67846094.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104052410/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67846094.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
61. ^{{cite news| last = Hutton | first = Mary Ellyn | title =Dignitaries Hail New SCPA at Ceremony| newspaper= The Cincinnati Post| date = September 7, 2007 | url =http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-168527896.html | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121104194720/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-168527896.html | dead-url =yes | archive-date =November 4, 2012 | format = fessdate = December 20, 2009}}
62. ^For Schiel founding, see {{cite book | page = 138 | title = An Expression of the Community: Cincinnati Public Schools' Legacy of Art and Architecture | last1 = Ellis | first1 = Anita J | last2 = Langsam | first2= Walter E | last3 = Flischel | first3 = Robert A | publisher = Art League Press | location = Cincinnati, OH | edition = 1st | oclc = 298021351 | year = 2001}}. For Spanish language magnet, see Waldrip 1979, p. 134. For arts enrichment school, see {{cite web| title = Our History | publisher = Schiel Primary School for Arts Enrichment | url = http://schiel.cps-k12.org/about.asp | accessdate = June 3, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616195700/http://schiel.cps-k12.org/about.asp|archivedate=June 16, 2007}}
63. ^{{cite news | title = Magnet School Signups Start Monday | last = Fisher | first = Ben | date = November 1, 2009 | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | format = fee required | url = https://secure.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1890794121.html?FMT=FT&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+01%2C+2009&author=Ben+Fischer&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&desc=Magnet+school+signups+start+Monday | accessdate = September 22, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
64. ^{{cite web|title=Schiel Primary School Arts Enrichment Elementary School |work=SchoolMatters |publisher=Council of Chief State School Officers |url=http://www.schoolmatters.com/schools.aspx/q/page=sp/sid=60869 |accessdate=June 3, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511034609/http://www.schoolmatters.com/schools.aspx/q/page%3Dsp/sid%3D60869 |archivedate=May 11, 2010 |df= }}
65. ^{{cite news| title = Bow-dacious | newspaper = Cincinnati Magazine | page = 110 | last = Doane | first = Kathleen | volume = 39 | number = 3 | date = December 2005}}
66. ^{{cite news | title = CPS' Taft High School, Schiel Primary recognized as Blue Ribbon Schools | newspaper = The Cincinnati Herald | date = September 18, 2010 | url = http://www.thecincinnatiherald.com/news/2010-09-18/Front_Page/CPS_Taft_High_School_Schiel_Primary_recognized_as_.html | accessdate = September 22, 2010}}
67. ^{{cite news| title = Arts Plan Preserves Shelter Drop-Inn Center Won't Have to Move | last = Griggs | first = France | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | date = January 7, 2000 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63431350.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104052453/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63431350.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
68. ^{{cite news| title = SCPA to Break Ground with Music | newspaper = Business Courier of Cincinnati | date = August 23, 2007 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/stories/2007/08/20/daily38.html?q=schiel%20scpa | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
69. ^{{cite book | page = 420 | title = Cincinnati, the Queen City, 1788–1912| last = Goss | first = Charles | publisher = S.J. Clarke Pub. Co. | year = 1912 | oclc = 1068766 | location = Chicago}}
70. ^{{cite book | page = 64 | editor-last=Marable | editor-first = Manning | isbn = 0-7425-4691-8 | location = Lanham | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2006 | last = Kelly | first = Robin D. G. | title = Race and Labor Matters in the New U.S. Economy | chapter = Chapter 4: Labor Against Empire: At Home and Abroad}}
71. ^{{cite web|title=Cincinnati Music Hall |work=National Historic Landmarks in Cincinnati |publisher=City of Cincinnati |url=http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-3744-/ |accessdate=June 7, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529193426/http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-3744-/ |archivedate=May 29, 2010 }}
72. ^{{cite book |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Cincinnati Music Hall |url = {{NHLS url|id=70000496}} | date= January 26, 1970| publisher=National Park Service | format = PDF | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
73. ^{{cite web| url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=960&ResourceType=Building | title =Cincinnati Music Hall | date = December 2, 1974 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
74. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/OH/Hamilton/state3.html | title = Ohio – Hamilton County | publisher = National Register of Historic Places | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
75. ^{{cite news| title = A Long-Awaited Move | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | date = June 3, 2004 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-117673055.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104052504/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-117673055.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
76. ^¹²{{cite news| last = Fischer | first = Ben| title =The Arts Incubator | newspaper= The Cincinnati Enquirer| date = September 3, 2007}}
77. ^{{cite news|title=SCPA Building Named for Kunzel |work=WLWT.com |date=December 7, 2009 |url=http://www.wlwt.com/news/21892804/detail.html |accessdate=August 3, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310060549/http://www.wlwt.com/news/21892804/detail.html |archivedate=March 10, 2012 }}
78. ^{{cite news| last = Mrozowski| first = Jennifer| title = Donors to Have Say in Arts School | newspaper= The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = May 20, 2003 | url =http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2003/05/20/loc_cps20.html | accessdate = November 27, 2009}}
79. ^{{cite news| title = Union Fights Change at SCPA | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | date = June 6, 2003 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-102910838.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104052513/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-102910838.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | accessdate = June 7, 2010 | format = fee required}}
80. ^{{cite web | last = Dohoney | first = Milton, Jr. | date = June 2, 2011 | title = Conveyance Request for SCPA Greenspace | publisher = City of Cincinnati | id = 201001335 | url = http://city-egov.cincinnati-oh.gov/Webtop/ws/council/public/child/Blob/32931.pdf | accessdate = August 13, 2012 }}
81. ^{{cite web | last = Kessler | first = Jenny | url = http://www.urbancincy.com/2011/05/over-the-rhine-urban-kickball-league-gears-up-for-second-season/ | title = OTR Urban Kickball League gears up for second season | publisher = UrbanCincy | date = May 5, 2011 | accessdate = August 13, 2012 }}
82. ^{{cite web | last = London | first = John| url = http://www.wlwt.com/news/local-news/cincinnati/Indianapolis-developer-to-buy-former-SCPA-building/-/13549970/17376278/-/u9xi0k/-/index.html| title = Indianapolis developer to buy former SCPA building | publisher = WLWT Cincinnati | date = November 12, 2012 | accessdate = November 12, 2012 }}
83. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/faq.html |title=FAQ |publisher=The School for Creative and Performing Arts |accessdate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310084822/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/faq.html |archivedate=March 10, 2009 }}
84. ^{{cite news| title = Hope, Jitters Mix at SCPA Tryouts | last = Moores | first = Lew | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = February 18, 2001 | url = http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2001/02/18/loc_hope_jitters_mix_at.html | accessdate = January 27, 2010}}
85. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.ode.state.oh.us/reportcardfiles/2009-2010/BUILD/068619.pdf |title=School for Creative and Performing Arts High School |publisher=Ohio Department of Education |page=5 |format=PDF |year=2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610093944/http://www.ode.state.oh.us/reportcardfiles/2009-2010/BUILD/068619.PDF |archivedate=June 10, 2011 }}
86. ^{{cite court | litigants =Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1 | vol = 551 | reporter = U.S.| opinion = 71 | court = Supreme Court | year = 2007 | url = http://www.brennancenter.org/page/-/d/download_file_49773.pdf | format = PDF }}
87. ^¹{{cite news| last = Fischer| first = Ben| title = City's Magnet School Rules Have Changed | newspaper= The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = December 27, 2007 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1717082951.html?FMT=FT&dids=1717082951:1717082951&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+27%2C+2007&author=Ben+Fischer&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&desc=City%27s+magnet+school+rules+have+changed | format = fee required | accessdate = December 22, 2009}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/factsheet.html |title=Fact Sheet |publisher=The School for Creative and Performing Arts |accessdate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414062003/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/factsheet.html |archivedate=April 14, 2009 }}
89. ^{{cite web|title=Visual Arts – More Than Meets the Eye |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/visual-art.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505061520/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/visual-art.html |archivedate=May 5, 2010 }}
90. ^{{cite web|title=Drama Department- Acting Upon Success |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/drama.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501145320/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/drama.html |archivedate=May 1, 2010 }}
91. ^{{cite journal| title = Curriculum and the Performing Arts: Created by Staff, Inspired by the Muse | last = Fowler | first = Joy | journal = The English Journal | publisher = National Council of Teachers of English | volume = 94 | issue = 6 |date = July 2005| page = 49 | issn = 0013-8274 | doi=10.2307/30046503| jstor = 30046503 }}
92. ^{{cite web|title=Creative Writing – Uncapping the Power of the Pen |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/creative-writing.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422041344/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/creative-writing.html |archivedate=April 22, 2009 }}
93. ^{{cite web|title=Dance Department – First Steps to Professional Success |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/dance.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501152216/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/dance.html |archivedate=May 1, 2010 }}
94. ^{{cite web|title=Instrumental Music Department – Noteworthy Training for Professional Musical Success |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/Music-Instrumental/overview.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422051725/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/Music-Instrumental/overview.html |archivedate=April 22, 2009 }}
95. ^{{cite web|title=Vocal Department – Where Success Takes Voice |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/vocal.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325055440/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/vocal.html |archivedate=March 25, 2009 }}
96. ^{{cite web|title=Technical Theater – Building Strong Futures |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/technicaltheater.html |accessdate=June 10, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422051731/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/arts/technicaltheater.html |archivedate=April 22, 2009 }}
97. ^{{cite web| title = 2009–2010 SCPA Box Office Season| publisher = School for Creative and Performing Arts| url = http://scpa.cps-k12.org/boxoffice/documents/09-10season.pdf| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5n2Q8PB8G?url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/boxoffice/documents/09-10season.pdf| dead-url = yes| archive-date = 2010-01-25| format = PDF| accessdate = January 24, 2010| df = }}
98. ^{{cite news| last = Stein | first = Jerry | title =SCPA Names Artistic Director | newspaper= The Cincinnati Post | date = January 23, 2006 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-141216967.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104035700/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-141216967.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = December 22, 2009 | quote = I believe we are the only arts high school program where the students do lighting, sound, scenery and costuming. That is something that is really important because it not only allows our students to perform in all the productions but to work behind the scenes.}}
99. ^¹²{{cite news| last = Sonnenberg| first = Elissa| title = Raising Voices | newspaper = Cincinnati Magazine|date = September 2008| url = http://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article.aspx?id=61634 | accessdate = January 15, 2010}}
100. ^{{cite news| last = Fischer | first = Ben | title = SCPA's Chamber Orchestra Invited Back to Carnegie Hall | newspaper= The Cincinnati Enquirer| date = April 11, 2008 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/1710693851.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+11%2C+2008&author=Ben+Fischer&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&desc=SCPA%27s+chamber+orchestra+invited+back+to+Carnegie+Hall&pqatl=google | format = fee required | accessdate = January 15, 2010}}
101. ^{{cite news| title =SCPA Spotlighted in 'Pops Holiday' | last = Hutton | first = Mary Ellen | date = December 12, 1996 | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72861214.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121102234303/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72861214.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 2, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = January 15, 2010}}
102. ^{{cite web|title=2009 Robert Fox Winners |publisher=Ohioana Library Association |url=http://www.ohioana.org/awards/foxlist.pdf |format=PDF |page=2 |accessdate=January 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902114420/http://www.ohioana.org/awards/foxlist.pdf |archivedate=September 2, 2009 }}
103. ^{{cite book | title = Partnering Dance And Education: Intelligent Moves For Changing Times | page = 39 | last = Hanna | first = Judith Lynne | location = Champaign, IL | publisher = Human Kinetics | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-88011-511-4 }}
104. ^{{cite web|title=School for Creative and Perf Arts High School |publisher=Ohio Department of Education |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/DownloadCenter/State_Report_Card/SCPAreport.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=September 22, 2010 |page=6 |year=2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070729044318/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/DownloadCenter/State_Report_Card/SCPAreport.pdf |archivedate=July 29, 2007 }}
105. ^{{cite web| title = ACT High School Profile Report | publisher = ACT | url = http://www.act.org/news/data/07/pdf/National2007.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = February 23, 2010 | page = 10}}
106. ^{{cite web|title=Schiel Prim Schl Arts Enrchmnt Elementary School |publisher=Ohio Department of Education |url=http://www.ode.state.oh.us/reportcardfiles/2009-2010/BUILD/033712.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=September 22, 2010 |year=2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054435/http://www.ode.state.oh.us/reportcardfiles/2009-2010/BUILD/033712.pdf |archivedate=March 6, 2012 |df= }}
107. ^{{cite press release | title = Cincinnati Public Schools is Proud to Highlight District's Achievements and Community Support | publisher = Cincinnati Public Schools | date = May 30, 2007| url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1281802811.html | format = fee required | accessdate = January 3, 2010}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
108. ^{{cite web|title=In the Spotlight |url=http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/award/inthespotlight.html |publisher=School for Creative and Performing Arts |accessdate=November 30, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201042228/http://scpa.cps-k12.org/about/award/inthespotlight.html |archivedate=February 1, 2009 }}
109. ^{{cite news| title = Corbett Pledges $2.6 Million to School | last = Griggs | first = France | date = August 1, 2000 | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-64907397.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104054359/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-64907397.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}
110. ^¹²³{{cite news| title = It's a Wrap:Doors Close on School for Creative and Performing Arts' Long Run | last = Fischer| first = Ben | date = May 26, 2010| newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/enquirer/access/2043194861.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+27%2C+2010&author=Ben%20Fischer&pub=Cincinnati+Enquirer&desc=It%27s+a+wrap%3A+Doors+close+on+School+for+Creative+and+Performing+Arts%27+long+run&pqatl=google| accessdate = September 22, 2010}}
111. ^{{cite web| title = Curtis J. Moody, FAIA | publisher = AIA Columbus | url = http://www.aiacolumbus.org/component/content/article/40-fellows/131-curtis-j-moody-faia | accessdate = June 8, 2010}}
112. ^{{cite news| title = Performing Arts School Making History in OTR | last = Leach | first = Tanya Bricking | newspaper = Business Courier of Cincinnati | date = April 25, 2008 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/stories/2008/04/28/focus3.html | accessdate = June 10, 2010}}
113. ^{{cite news| title = School Designed to Showcase Creativity | last = Gelfand | first = Janelle | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | date = April 30, 2006}}
114. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{cite news| last = Gelfand| first = Janelle | title =Designed with the Arts in Mind | newspaper= The Cincinnati Enquirer| date = April 30, 2006 }}
115. ^{{cite journal| title = Cincinnati USA City Guide 2007 | work=Cincinnati Magazine | year = 2007 | page = 88 }}
116. ^References in order of mention* Cyrus Vorhis: {{cite web|title=Cyrus Vorhis |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/1114132/Cyrus_Voris |publisher=Hollywood.com |accessdate=August 3, 2010 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130126015728/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/1114132/Cyrus_Voris |archivedate=January 26, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} and {{cite news|title=Fall's New Faces |newspaper=The Cincinnati Enquirer |last=Kieswetter |first=John |url=http://www.enquirer.com/columns/kiese/1998/09/091398jki.html |date=September 13, 1998 |accessdate=August 3, 2010 }}* Todd Louiso: {{cite web|title=Todd Louiso |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/186760/Todd_Louiso_Credits#divCredits |publisher=Hollywood.com |accessdate=August 3, 2010 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130126091223/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/186760/Todd_Louiso_Credits%23divCredits |archivedate=January 26, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} and {{cite web|title='Taking the Stage' Stars Get a Dose of Real Reality |url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/05/04/taking-the-stage-stars-get-a-dose-of-real-reality/ |publisher=MTV Networks |accessdate=August 3, 2010 }}
117. ^¹{{cite news | title = SCPA, Looking Good | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | last = Kieswetter | first = John | date = March 19, 2009 | url = http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20090319/LIFE/903190344/SCPA-looking-good | accessdate = September 23, 2010}}
118. ^{{cite news| title = SCPA Takes MTV Stage | newspaper = The Cincinnati Enquirer | last = Kieswetter | first = John | date = March 15, 2009 | url = http://news.cincinnati.com/article/20090315/ENT/903150319/SCPA-takes-MTV-stage | accessdate = August 3, 2010}}
119. ^{{cite web |title=Sarah Jessica Parker |url=http://www.nbc.com/who-do-you-think-you-are/bios/sarahP.shtml |publisher=nbc.com |accessdate=August 3, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209044106/http://www.nbc.com/who-do-you-think-you-are/bios/sarahP.shtml |archivedate=February 9, 2010 }} and {{cite web | title = Sarah Jessica Parker | publisher = Yahoo! Movies | url = https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800016083/bio | accessdate = September 23, 2010 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100103043758/http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800016083/bio | archivedate = January 3, 2010 | df = }}* Rocky Carroll: {{cite web | title = Rocky Carroll | url = http://www.cbs.com/primetime/ncis/cast/rocky-carroll/ | publisher = cbs.com | accessdate = August 3, 2010 }} and {{cite news | title = After SCPA, What? | newspaper = Cincinnati Magazine | date = July 1987 | page = 114 | last = Keiger | first = Dale}}* Jeff Sams: {{cite web | title = Jeffrey D. Sams | url = http://www.tv.com/jeffrey-d.-sams/person/28598/summary.html | publisher = TV.com | accessdate = September 22, 2010 }}* Carmen Electra: {{cite web | title = Electra Biography | url = http://www.carmenelectra.com/page/biography-1 | publisher = carmenelectra.com | accessdate = August 3, 2010 }}
120. ^References in order of mention* Nick Lachey, Drew Lachey, Justin Jeffre: {{cite news| title = On Our Harmless Elite and Others | last = Burnham | first = Michael | newspaper = Cincinnati Magazine | page = 95 |date = January 1979| volume = 12 | number = 4}}* George Evans: {{cite web|title=George Evans Quick Facts |url=http://www.georgeevans.ca/factsheet/index.htm |publisher=George Evans Jazz Vocalist |accessdate=August 3, 2010 }}* Ron Bohmer: {{cite web|title=Broadway & Tours |url=http://www.ronbohmer.com/bio.html |publisher=ronbohmer.com |accessdate=August 3, 2010 }}* Iman Crosson: {{cite web|title=Radio and Television Correspondents Dinner 2010 |url=http://www.bigbureaucracy.com/?p=672 |author=Ellie Velinska |date=March 18, 2010 |publisher=bigbureaucracy.com |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5tYwWbyof?url=http://www.bigbureaucracy.com/?p=672 |archivedate=October 18, 2010 |deadurl=yes }} .
121. ^{{cite news| last = MacDonald | first = Sue | title = Cases of the Century | newspaper= Cincinnati Magazine | date = August 2001| page = 24 }}
122. ^{{cite court | litigants = Bronson v. Board of Educ. of City School Dist. | court = Dist. Court S. D. Ohio | vol = No. 1: | reporter = 74-cv-205 | year = 1991 | url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED339758}}
123. ^{{cite news| title =La Guardia Reunion Celebrates Youth and the Arts | last = Bahrampour| first = Tara | newspaper = The New York Times | date = June 14, 2000 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/14/nyregion/la-guardia-reunion-celebrates-youth-and-the-arts.html?pagewanted=all| accessdate = January 25, 2010 }}
124. ^{{cite news| title = SCPA Proposal Shrinks: Plan for Complex is Scaled Back | last = Griggs | first = France | newspaper = The Cincinnati Post | date = March 25, 2000 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63450993.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104052524/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63450993.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = November 4, 2012 | format = fee required | accessdate = June 7, 2010}}