| 词条 | Schrattenkalk Formation |
| 释义 |
| name = Schrattenkalk Formation | image = Schrattenkalk.JPG | caption = Schrattenkalk in Luzern, Switzerland | type = Geological formation | age = Barremian-Aptian | period = Aptian | prilithology = Limestone | otherlithology = Sandstone, mudstone | namedfor = Schrattenfluh | namedby = Bernhard Studer | year_ts = 1834 | region = Alps | country = {{AUT}} {{GER}} {{SWI}} | coordinates = {{coord|46.9751|N|8.3303|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}} | paleocoordinates = {{coord|31.6|N|18.5|E|display=inline}} | unitof = | subunits = Lower Schrattenkalk, Rawil Member, Upper Schrattenkalk | underlies = Garschella Formation | overlies = Tierwis Formation | thickness = up to {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} | extent = | area = | map = | map_caption = }} The Schrattenkalk Formation is a Barremian to Aptian geologic formation in the Alps. The limestone is highly karstified. Fossil ornithopod tracks have been reported from the formation.[1] Iguanodont tracks have been registered in the Swiss portion of the formation.[2] The famous north face of the Eiger is partly composed of Schrattenkalk,[3] as well as the Sturmannshöhle in southernmost Bavaria, Germany,[4] and the Hölloch (second-longest cave in Europe) and Silberen system karst caves in Switzerland.[5] DescriptionThe formation is named after the Schrattenfluh in Luzern, Switzerland. The name is derived from the Swiss-German "Schratten" (a synonym of Karren) meaning clints or lapies, a phenomena that frequently affects the limestone.[6] Kalk is limestone in German. Synonyms for the extensive formation are Hieroglyphenkalk, Calcaire à Hippurites, Urgonien, Rudistenkalk, Urgo-Aptien, Schrattenschichten, Requienenkalk, Rhodanien, Caprotinenkalk, and Urgonian Limestone.[7] The formation consists of three units, the Lower Schrattenkalk, Rawil Member and Upper Schrattenkalk. The upper and lower units consist mostly of reefal limestones with bryozoa, gastropods, corals, sponges, brachiopods, bivalves and rudists. The Rawil Member contains beds of sandstones and mudstones containing foraminifera and echinoderms. The upper and lower members represent a photozoan-dominated carbonate platform,[8] and was deposited at the northern edge of the Tethys Ocean.[9] Fossil contentIn 2015, two new corals were described from Austria; Cairnsipsammia,[10] and Paraclausastrea vorarlbergensis.[11] In an abandoned quarry on the shore of Lake Lucerne, close to the village of Beckenried, fossil trackways were discovered in the formation. The steeply inclined surface has more than 50 tracks (in three trackways) of ornithopod dinosaurs that are attributed to iguanodontids. Three trackways can be followed for distances of {{convert|25|to|35|m|ft}}. The lengths of the footprints have a mean of {{convert|30|cm|in}} and point to animals ranging in size of {{convert|4|to|6|m|ft}}, with estimated hip heights between {{convert|1.8|and|2|m|ft}} and {{convert|1.4|to|1.7|m|ft}}.[12] {{clearboth}}Panorama{{wide image|Hengst Westpanorama.jpg|1200px|See also{{Portal|Alps|Geology|Paleontology|Dinosaurs|Cretaceous|Prehistory of Europe}}
References1. ^Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607. 2. ^Risleten Quarry tracksite at Fossilworks.org 3. ^Toni P. Labhart: Geologie der Schweiz. 5., überarb. Auflage. Ott Verlag, Thun 2001, S. 78ff. 4. ^Ulrich Lagally, Stefan Glaser, Elisabeth Jobe, Georg Loth, Andreas Murr, Hubert Schmid, Wolfgang Schmid, Klaus Schwerd, Stephan Sieblitz und Ulrich Teipel: Geotope in Schwaben. In: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt (Hrsg.): Erdwissenschaftliche Beiträge zum Naturschutz. Band 7. Augsburg 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-936385-34-2}}, S. 132. 5. ^Jeannin, 2016, p.49 6. ^Bonvallet, 2015, p.14 7. ^Bodin, 2006, p.11 8. ^Bodin, 2006, p.68 9. ^[https://www.strati.ch/de/show/hel/helc/schrattenkalk-formation Schrattenkalk Formation] at Strati.ch 10. ^{{Cite journal|author =Rosemarie C. Baron-Szabo |year=2015 |title=A new dendrophylliid coral genus Cairnsipsammia from the Lower Cretaceous of western Austria (Anthozoa; Scleractinia; Vorarlberg; Schrattenkalk Formation [upper Barremian-lower Aptian]) |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=216–226 |doi=10.2988/0006-324X-128.4.216 }} 11. ^{{Cite journal|author =Rosemarie C. Baron-Szabo |year=2015 |title=Paraclausastrea vorarlbergensis sp. nov.; a new coral from the Lower Cretaceous of western Austria (Scleractinia; upper Barremian-lower Aptian; Schrattenkalk Fm.; Vorarlberg) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4032 |issue=3 |pages=327–332 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4032.3.9 }} 12. ^[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10420940390256186 Meyer C, Thuring B. 2003. The first iguanodontid dinosaur tracks from the Swiss Alps (Schrattenkalk Formation, Aptian). Ichnos 10(2–4):221–228] Bibliography
Further reading
8 : Geologic formations of Austria|Geologic formations of Germany|Geologic formations of Switzerland|Cretaceous Europe|Aptian Stage|Barremian Stage|Limestone formations|Geology of the Alps |
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