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词条 Maureen Connolly
释义

  1. Early years

  2. Playing career

  3. Later life

     Horseriding accident  Marriage 

  4. Death

  5. Legacy

  6. Grand Slam finals

     Singles: 9 (9 titles)  Doubles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runner-ups)   Mixed doubles: 3 (1 title, 2 runner-ups)  

  7. Grand Slam singles tournament timelines

  8. References

  9. Further reading

  10. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}}{{Infobox tennis biography
|name = Maureen Connolly
|image =Maureen Connolly 1953.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Maureen Connolly in 1953
|fullname = Maureen Catherine Connolly
|country = {{USA}}
|residence =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1934|09|17}}
|birth_place = San Diego, California, U.S.
|death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1969|6|21|1934|9|17}}
|death_place = Dallas, Texas, U.S.
|height = {{height|ft=5|in=5}}[1]
|college = Southern Methodist University
(1964–196x)
|turnedpro = amateur
|retired = February 1955 (age 20)[2]
|plays = Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
|careerprizemoney =
|tennishofyear = 1968
|tennishofid = maureen-connolly
|website = mcbtennis.org
|singlesrecord =
|singlestitles =
|highestsinglesranking = No. 1 (1952)
|AustralianOpenresult = W (1953)
|FrenchOpenresult = W (1953, 1954)
|Wimbledonresult = W (1952, 1953, 1954)
|USOpenresult = W (1951, 1952, 1953)
|Othertournaments =
|MastersCupresult =
|WTAChampionshipsresult =
|Olympicsresult =
|doublesrecord =
|doublestitles =
|highestdoublesranking =
|AustralianOpenDoublesresult = W (1953)
|FrenchOpenDoublesresult = W (1954)
|WimbledonDoublesresult = F (1952, 1953)
|USOpenDoublesresult = F (1952)
|OthertournamentsDoubles =
|MastersCupDoublesresult =
|WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult =
|OlympicsDoublesresult =
|Mixed =
|mixedrecord =
|mixedtitles =
|AustralianOpenMixedresult = F (1953)
|FrenchOpenMixedresult = W (1954)
|WimbledonMixedresult = SF (1954)
|Team = Yes
|FedCupresult =
|WightmanCupresult = (1951, 1952, 1953, 1954)
}}

Maureen Catherine Connolly-Brinker (née Connolly; September 17, 1934 – June 21, 1969) known as "Little Mo", was an American tennis player, the winner of nine Grand Slam singles titles in the early 1950s. In 1953, she became the first woman to win all four Grand Slam tournaments during the same calendar year. The following year, in July 1954, a horseback riding accident seriously injured her right leg and ended her competitive tennis career at age 19.

Early years

Maureen was born in San Diego, California on September 17, 1934, the first child of Martin and Jessamine Connolly.[3] Her parents divorced when she was three years old and she was raised by her mother and an aunt.[4] She loved horseback riding as a child, but her mother was unable to pay the cost of riding lessons. So, she took up the game of tennis. Connolly's tennis career began at the age of 10 on the municipal courts of San Diego. Her first coach, Wilbur Folsom, encouraged her to switch from a left-handed grip to right[5] and she soon became a baseline specialist with tremendous power and accuracy, and a strong backhand. When she was 11, Maureen was dubbed "Little Mo" by San Diego sportswriter Nelson Fisher, who compared the power of her forehand and backhand to the firepower of the USS Missouri, known colloquially as "Big Mo".[3][7] In 1948, Folsom was replaced as her coach by Eleanor Tennant, who had previously coached Alice Marble and Bobby Riggs, both Wimbledon and U.S. singles champions.[3] At age 14, she won 56 consecutive matches, and the following year became the youngest ever to win the U.S. national championship for girls 18 and under.

Playing career

At the 1951 U.S. Championships, the 16-year-old Connolly defeated Shirley Fry to become, at that time, the youngest ever to win America's most prestigious tennis tournament.[1][6] Her coach at the time was Eleanor Tennant.[7]

Connolly won her first Wimbledon title in 1952, defeating Louise Brough in the final. She had arrived at the tournament with a shoulder injury but refused to withdraw when Tennant instructed her to do so. The ensuing argument resulted in the end of their partnership.[5] Connolly was seeded first at the 1952 U.S. Championships and successfully defended her title after a victory in the final against Doris Hart.[8] For the 1953 season, she hired a new coach, the Australian Davis Cup captain Harry Hopman, and entered all four Grand Slam tournaments for the first time. She defeated Julie Sampson Haywood in the Australian Championships final and Doris Hart in the finals of the French Championships, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships to become the first woman, and only the second tennis player after Don Budge, to win the world's four major titles in the same year, commonly known as a "Grand Slam".[9] She lost only one set in those four tournaments.[10]

Connolly won the last nine Grand Slam singles tournaments she played, including 50 consecutive singles matches. During her Wightman Cup career from 1951 through 1954, she won all seven of her singles matches. Connolly's achievements made her the darling of the media and one of the most popular personalities in the U.S.; she was named Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press for three straight years, from 1951 through 1953.[11]

In 1954, Connolly did not defend her title at the Australian Championships, but successfully defended her French and Wimbledon championships.

Later life

Horseriding accident

Two weeks after she won her third-straight Wimbledon title, she was horseback riding in San Diego on July 20. A passing concrete mixer truck frightened her horse, Colonel Merryboy, which pinned Connolly between the horse and truck. She was thrown off and suffered a compound fracture to her right fibula, which ultimately ended her tennis career at age 19.[12] She had intended to turn professional after the 1954 U.S. National Championships.[13] She officially retired from tennis in February 1955 when she announced her impending marriage to Norman Brinker.[2][14] In the meantime, Connolly retained Melvin Belli as counsel and sued the concrete mixer company.[13] On December 17, 1957, the Supreme Court of California unanimously affirmed a $95,000.00 jury verdict in her favor, in an opinion signed by Chief Justice Phil S. Gibson.[13]

Marriage

In June 1955, Connolly married Norman Brinker, a member of the 1952 Olympic equestrian team for the United States, who shared her love of horses.[15] They had two daughters, Cindy and Brenda,[12] and she remained partially involved in tennis, acting as a correspondent for some U.S. and British newspapers at major U.S. tennis tournaments. Connolly was a coach for the British Wightman Cup team during its visits to the U.S. In Texas, where the couple lived, she established the Maureen Connolly Brinker Foundation to promote junior tennis.[12]

In 1957, she published an autobiography titled Forehand Drive.[16] Connolly recognized the downside of her tennis career, saying, "I have always believed greatness on a tennis court was my destiny, a dark destiny, at times, where the court became my secret jungle and I a lonely, fear-stricken hunter. I was a strange little girl armed with hate, fear, and a Golden Racket."[17]

Death

In 1966, Connolly Brinker was diagnosed with ovarian cancer.[18] On June 4, 1969, she underwent a third operation for a stomach tumor at Baylor Hospital in Dallas.[12] She died nearly three weeks later on June 21, and was interred in the Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas.[19]

Legacy

According to John Olliff and Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail, Connolly Brinker was ranked in the world top 10 from 1951 through 1954, reaching a career high of world number one in those rankings from 1952 through 1954.[20] Connolly was included in the year-end top-10 rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1950 through 1953. She was the top-ranked U.S. player from 1951 through 1953.[21]

Connolly Brinker was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1969 and the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in 1987. In 1956, she was also inducted by the San Diego Hall of Champions into the Breitbard Hall of Fame honoring San Diego's finest athletes both on and off the playing surface.[22]

Since 1973, the Maureen Connolly Challenge Trophy is played, a yearly competition between the best female tennis players age 18 and younger from the United States and Great Britain.[23][24]

Brinker Elementary School in Plano, Texas, is named in honor of her. The school was dedicated on November 20, 1988.[25]

Connolly Brinker was portrayed by Glynnis O'Connor in Little Mo, a made-for-television biographical film which first aired on September 5, 1978, on NBC.[26][27]

Grand Slam finals

Singles: 9 (9 titles)

ResultYearTournamentOpponentScore Ref
Winner1951 U.S. Championships USA}} Shirley Fry6–3, 1–6, 6–4 [28]
Winner1952 Wimbledon USA}} Louise Brough6–4, 6–3 [29]
Winner1952 U.S. Championships (2)USA}} Doris Hart6–3, 7–5 [28]
Winner1953 Australian Championships USA}} Julia Sampson 6–3, 6–2 [30]
Winner1953 French Championships USA}} Doris Hart 6–2, 6–4 [31]
Winner1953 Wimbledon (2)USA}} Doris Hart8–6, 7–5 [29]
Winner1953 U.S. Championships (3) USA}} Doris Hart6–2, 6–4 [28]
Winner1954 French Championships (2)FRA}} Ginette Bucaille 6–4, 6–1 [31]
Winner1954 Wimbledon (3) Louise Brough 6–2, 7–5 [29]

Doubles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runner-ups)

ResultYearTournamentPartnerOpponentsScore Ref
Runner-up1952 Wimbledon USA}} Louise Brough ClappUSA}} Doris Hart
{{flagicon|USA}} Shirley Fry		 6–8, 3–6 [29]
Runner-up1952 U.S. Championships USA}} Louise Brough ClappUSA}} Doris Hart
{{flagicon|USA}} Shirley Fry		 8–10, 4–6 [32]
Winner1953 Australian Championships USA}} Julia SampsonAUS}} Beryl Penrose
{{flagicon|AUS}} Mary Bevis Hawton		 6–4, 6–2 [33]
Runner-up1953 French Championships USA}} Julia SampsonUSA}} Doris Hart
{{flagicon|USA}} Shirley Fry		 4–6, 3–6
Runner-up1953 Wimbledon USA}} Julia SampsonUSA}} Doris Hart
{{flagicon|USA}} Shirley Fry		 0–6, 0–6 [29]
Winner1954 French Championships AUS}} Nell Hall HopmanFRA}} Maude Galtier
{{flagicon|FRA}} Suzanne Schmitt		 7–5, 4–6, 6–0

Mixed doubles: 3 (1 title, 2 runner-ups)

ResultYearTournamentPartnerOpponentsScore Ref
Runner-up1953 Australian Championships United States}} Hamilton RichardsonUSA}} Julia Sampson
{{flagicon|AUS}} Rex Hartwig		 4–6, 3–6 [34]
Runner-up1953 French Championships AUS}} Mervyn RoseUSA}} Doris Hart
{{flagicon|USA}} Vic Seixas		 6–4, 4–6, 0–6
Winner1954 French Championships AUS}} Lew HoadAUS}} Jacqueline Patorni
{{flagicon|AUS}} Rex Hartwig		 6–4, 6–3

Grand Slam singles tournament timelines

{{performance key|short=yes|active=no}}
Tournament 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 Career
SR 		Career
Win-Loss
Australian ChampionshipsAAAAWA1 / 15–0
French ChampionshipsAAAAWW2 / 210–0
WimbledonAAAWWW3 / 318–0
U.S. Championships2R2RWWWA3 / 520–2
SR0 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 24 / 42 / 29 / 1153–2

SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played.

References

1. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pmlgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=N3INAAAAIBAJ&pg=5384%2C614157 |newspaper=Wilmington (NC) Morning Star |agency=United Press |title=Maureen Connolly wins amateur tennis crown |date=September 6, 1951 |page=9}}
2. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2hEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EXQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6273%2C3948555 |newspaper=The Day |agency=Associated Press |location=New London, CT|title=Maureen Connolly to wed; gives up tennis comeback |date=February 23, 1955 |page=17 }}
3. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=San Diego's Sweetheart: Maureen Connolly|journal=The Journal of San Diego History|volume=54|issue=2|date=Spring 2008|url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/v54-2/pdf/v54-2seymour.pdf|author=Joey Seymour|format=PDF}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=King|first=Billie Jean|title=We Have Come a Long Way : The Story of Women's Tennis|date=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0070346253|page=83|author2=Starr, Cynthia}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Heroes and villains: Maureen Connolly|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/jun/05/tennis.features|website=The Guardian|date=June 5, 2005}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qEgbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iU0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4155%2C1895709|newspaper=Pittsburgh Press |agency=United Press |title=Maureen Connolly youngest net champ in history |date=September 6, 1951 |page=49 |via=Google News Archive}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZTNJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kAgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3924%2C1186134 |newspaper=News and Courier |location=Charleston, SC |last=Snider |first=Steve |agency=United Press |title=Maureen Connolly planning to be 'real tennis player'|date=September 7, 1951 |page=2B |via=Google News Archive}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4ss8AAAAIBAJ&sjid=7i0MAAAAIBAJ&pg=4425%2C2332720|newspaper=News and Courier |location=Charleston, SC|agency=Associated Press |last=Chandler |first=John |title=Maureen Connolly named female athlete of the year |date=January 11, 1953 |page=4D |via=Google News Archive}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0917.html|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Maureen Connolly, tennis star, dies |date=June 22, 1969|accessdate=January 7, 2014}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/sep/02/tp-little-mos-magic-year/all/|newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |last=Norcross |first=Dan |agency= |title=Little Mo's magic year |date=September 2, 2013 |accessdate=January 7, 2014}}
11. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=y1hOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fQAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6024%2C2734759 |newspaper=Toledo Blade |agency=Associated Press |title=Little Mo named top female athlete 3rd time|date=January 8, 1954 |page=30 |via=Google News Archive}}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UjpWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cOkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7361%2C2352229|newspaper=Spokesman-Review|agency=Associated Press|title=Tennis great Mo Connolly dies in Texas|date=June 22, 1969|page=4-sports}}
13. ^1 2 [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8408166016021329600 Connolly v. Pre-Mixed Concrete Co.], 49 Cal. 2d 483, 319 P.2d 343 (1957).
14. ^1 {{cite web|title=1955: American Tennis Star 'Little Mo' to Quit |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/22/newsid_2754000/2754347.stm |publisher=BBC}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t5ArAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_nIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6254%2C2207573|newspaper=The Day |location=New London, CT |agency=Associated Press |last=Bell |first=Norman |title=Maureen Connolly, tennis queen, becomes a bride|date=June 11, 1955 |page=15}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Forehand Drive|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/forehand-drive/oclc/717415275?referer=di&ht=edition|publisher=WorldCat}}
17. ^{{cite book|last=Fein|first=Paul|title=Tennis Confidential : Today's Greatest Players, Matches, and Controversies|date=2003|publisher=Potomac Books|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-1574885262|page=242}}
18. ^{{cite book|last=G. Brinker|first=Nancy|title=Promise Me : How a Sister's Love Launched the Global Movement to End Breast Cancer|date=2010|publisher=Three Rivers Pr.|location=New York|isbn=978-0307718136|page=169|edition=1st pbk.}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IBdVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cpMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3725,4478140 |newspaper=The Age |location=Melbourne, Australia |title=Cancer beats 'Little Mo' |date=June 22, 1969 |page=34 }}
20. ^{{cite book|author=Collins, Bud|title=The Bud Collins History of Tennis: An Authoritative Encyclopedia and Record Book|publisher=New Chapter Press|location=New York, NY|year=2008|pages=695, 702|isbn=0-942257-41-3}}
21. ^{{cite book|author=United States Tennis Association|title=1988 Official USTA Tennis Yearbook |publisher=H.O. Zimman, Inc.|location=Lynn, Massachusetts|year=1988|page=261}}
22. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002174530/http://www.sdhoc.com/awards/hall-of-fame/badminton-and-tennis/maureen-connolly/ Maureen Connolly]. San Diego Hall of Champions
23. ^{{cite web|title=U.S., Britain to compete in 2012 Maureen Connolly Challenge Trophy|url=http://www.usta.com/Youth-Tennis/Junior-Competition/us_britain_to_compete_in_2012_maureen_connolly_challenge_trophy/|publisher=USTA|date=August 21, 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=The Maureen Connolly Challenge Trophy|url=http://www.mcbtennis.org/MaureenConnollyChallengeTrophy_66.aspx|publisher=Maureen Connolly Brinker Tennis Foundation}}
25. ^{{Cite web |url=http://k12.pisd.edu/brinker-elementary-school |title=Brinker Elementary School website |access-date=March 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321101917/http://k12.pisd.edu/brinker-elementary-school |archive-date=March 21, 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Wm5QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MVoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3283%2C3242369 |newspaper=St. Petersburg Times |last=Bowden |first=Robert |title=Glynnis O'Connor pours self into portrayal of 'Little Mo' |date=September 5, 1978|page=1D }}
27. ^Little Mo, allmovie.com; accessed January 2, 2014.
28. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Collins|first=Bud|title=The Bud Collins History of Tennis|year=2010|publisher=New Chapter Press|location=[New York City]|isbn=978-0942257700|edition=2nd|page=471}}
29. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Barrett|first=John|title=Wimbledon: The Official History|date=2014|publisher=Vision Sports Publishing|isbn=9-781909-534230|edition=4th}}
30. ^{{Cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/history/honour-roll/womens-singles |title=Honour Roll – Women's Singles |website=Australian Open |language=en-AU |access-date=June 20, 2018 }}
31. ^1 Collins (2010), p. 394
32. ^Collins (2010), p. 480
33. ^{{Cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/history/honour-roll/womens-doubles |title=Honour Roll – Women's Doubles |website=Australian Open |language=en |access-date=June 20, 2018 }}
34. ^{{Cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/history/honour-roll/mixed-doubles |title=Honour Roll – Mixed Doubles |website=Australian Open |language=en |access-date=June 20, 2018 }}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Mcclintock|editor1-first=Walter|title=Current biography yearbook|date=1951|publisher=H W Wilson|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/current-biography-yearbook-1951/oclc/948815801}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{portal|Tennis}}
  • {{Tennis Hall of Fame}}
  • Maureen Connolly Brinker Tennis Foundation Inc.
  • Texas State Historical Association – Brinker, Maureen Catherine Connolly
  • {{Find a Grave|222}}
{{Women's tennis players who won two or more Grand Slam singles titles in one calendar year}}{{Tennis Career Grand Slam Champions}}{{navboxes|title=Maureen Conolly in the Grand Slam Tournaments
| list1 ={{Australian Championships women's singles champions}}{{French Open women's singles champions}}{{Wimbledon women's singles champions}}{{U.S. National Championships women's singles champions}}{{Australian Championships women's doubles champions}}{{French Open women's doubles champions}}{{French Open mixed doubles champions}}
}}{{Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year navbox}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Connolly, Maureen}}

17 : 1934 births|1969 deaths|American female tennis players|American people of Irish descent|Australian Championships (tennis) champions|Deaths from cancer in Texas|Deaths from ovarian cancer|French Championships (tennis) champions|Sportspeople from San Diego|International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees|Tennis people from California|United States National champions (tennis)|Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)|Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's singles|Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles|Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles|Burials at Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery
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