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词条 Scottish Liberal Party
释义

  1. Victorian party

  2. Leadership

     Chairmen  Presidents  Leader 

  3. Electoral performance

  4. References

  5. Further reading

  6. External links

{{Infobox political party
|country = Scotland
|name = Scottish Liberal Party
|colorcode = {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}
|logo = Scottish Liberal Party logo 1974.svg
|leader =
|chairman =
|foundation = 1859
|dissolution = 3 March 1988
|ideology = Liberalism
Social liberalism
|position =
|international =
|european =
|europarl =
|predecessor =
|colours =
|headquarters =
|website =
|national= Liberal Party
|merged = Scottish Liberal Democrats
}}

The Scottish Liberal Party, the section of the Liberal Party in Scotland, was the dominant political party of Victorian Scotland,[1] and although its importance declined with the rise of the Labour and Unionist parties during the 20th century,[2] it was still a significant, albeit much reduced force when it finally merged with the Social Democratic Party in Scotland, to form the Scottish Liberal Democrats in 1988.

The party lost its last remaining seats in 1945, and continued to decline in popular support in the post war years, with Jo Grimond (who won back Orkney and Shetland in 1950) being the sole Scottish Liberal MP in the House of Commons from 1951 to 1964. The party gained a partial revival in the 1964 general election returning three further MPs; George Mackie, Russell Johnston and Alasdair Mackenzie. A further gain came the following year with David Steel's victory at the Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles by-election. Steel went on to become a pivotal figure in the development of Scottish devolution, in partnership with John Smith, Donald Dewar and other key Labour and Liberal figures.

Victorian party

The Victorian Liberal party in Scotland was not always ideologically unified, and was faced with many internal divisions, particularly amongst the more conservative Whiggish elements of the party who were largely based in Edinburgh and the East, and the more western and Glasgow-based radical Liberals.[3]

The Scottish Women's Liberal Federation was formed in 1891 from regional groups and was led by Anne Lindsay.[4]

Leadership

Chairmen

  • William Baird, 1933–1935
  • Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian, 1935–1940
  • Louise Glen-Coats, 1946–1948
  • L. T. M. Gray, 1948–?
  • John Gray Wilson, 1952–1954
  • Charles Hampton Johnston, 1954–1956
  • John Bannerman, 1956–1964
  • George Mackie, 1965–1970
  • Russell Johnston, 1970–1973
  • Robert L. Smith, 1973–1975
  • Menzies Campbell, 1975–1977
  • Terry Grieve, 1977–1980
  • Fred McDermid, 1980–1982
  • Ross Finnie, 1982–1986
  • John Lawrie, 1986–1987
  • Christopher Mason, 1987–1988

Presidents

  • Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso, 1946–1965
  • Andrew Murray, 1960–1961 (alongside Sinclair)
  • John Bannerman, 1963–1969 (served at times alongside Sinclair)
  • Ray Bannerman, 1969–1976
  • Robert L. Smith, 1976–
  • George Mackie, 1983–1988

Leader

  • Until 1973, the party was led by the president.
  • Russell Johnston, 1973–1988

Electoral performance

This chart shows the electoral results of the Scottish Liberal Party, from its first election in 1859, to its last in 1983. Total number of seats, and vote percentage, is for Scotland only.

Election National leader in Scotland Vote % Seats Government
1859{{sdash}}66.440|53|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal}}
1865{{sdash}}85.442|53|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal}}
1868{{sdash}}82.551|58|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal}}
1874{{sdash}}68.440|58|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}
1880{{sdash}}70.152|58|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal}}
1885William Ewart Gladstone for Midlothian53.351|70|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal minority}}
1886William Ewart Gladstone for Midlothian53.643|70|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative–Liberal Unionist}}
1892William Ewart Gladstone for Midlothian53.951|70|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal minority}}
1895{{sdash}}51.739|70|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative–Liberal Unionist}}
1900Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman for Stirling Burghs50.234|70|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative–Liberal Unionist}}
1906Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman for Stirling Burghs56.458|70|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal}}
Jan. 1910H. H. Asquith for East Fife54.258|70|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal minority}}
Dec. 1910H. H. Asquith for East Fife53.657|70|hex=#FFD700}}Liberal minority}}
1918H. H. Asquith for East Fife (defeated)Official Liberal
15.0

Coalition Liberal
19.1		{{Composition bar>8|71|hex=#FFD700}}
Coalition Liberal
{{Composition bar|25|71|hex=#FFF890}}		Coalition Liberal–Conservative}}
1922H. H. Asquith for PaisleyOfficial Liberal
21.5

National Liberal
17.7		{{Composition bar>15|71|hex=#FFD700}}
National Liberal
{{Composition bar|12|71|hex=#FFF890}}		Conservative}}
1923H. H. Asquith for Paisley28.422|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour minority}}
1924H. H. Asquith for Paisley16.68|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}
1929{{sdash}}18.113|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour minority}}
1931{{sdash}}8.67|71|hex=#FFD700}}National Labour–Conservative–Liberal}}
1935{{sdash}}6.73|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative–National Labour–Liberal National}}
1945Sir Archibald Sinclair for Caithness and Sutherland5.60|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour}}
1950{{sdash}}6.62|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour}}
1951{{sdash}}2.71|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}
1955{{sdash}}1.91|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}
1959Jo Grimond for Orkney and Shetland4.11|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}
1964Jo Grimond for Orkney and Shetland7.64|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour}}
1966Jo Grimond for Orkney and Shetland6.85|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour}}
1970{{sdash}}5.53|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}
February 1974{{sdash}}7.93|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour minority}}
October 1974{{sdash}}8.33|71|hex=#FFD700}}Labour}}
1979David Steel for Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles9.03|71|hex=#FFD700}}Conservative}}

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last=Brown|first=Stewart J.|date=October 1992|title='Echoes of Midlothian': Scottish Liberalism and the South African War, 1899–1902|journal=The Scottish Historical Review|volume=LXXI|jstor=25530538}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Devine|first=Thomas Martin|author2=Finlay, Richard J. |title=Scotland in the twentieth century|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=1996|pages=73|isbn=978-0-7486-0839-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEL69iDskI4C&pg=PA73&dq=%22Scottish+Liberal+Party%22&hl=en&ei=BiEYTsKZA43Oswb8lPS0Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Scottish%20Liberal%20Party%22&f=false}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Checkland |first=Olive |last2=Checkland |first2=S. G. |date= |title=Industry and Ethos: Scotland, 1832–1914 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-MPTw6QQJ-4C&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=Scottish+Liberal+Party+whigs&source=bl&ots=HWmoOwrXkx&sig=ftCHMChaVQwDSIcfctZYe8-c1co&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCGoVChMI3a6fpMbFyAIVi7oUCh0HWwIQ#v=onepage&q=Scottish%20Liberal%20Party%20whigs&f=false |location= |publisher= |page=77 |isbn=}}
4. ^K. D. Reynolds, ‘Lindsay , Anna (1845–1903)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 15 Oct 2017

Further reading

  • {{cite book|title=Constitution and rules of the Scottish Liberal Association|publisher=Scottish Liberal Association|date=18??|pages=8}}
  • {{cite book|last=Scottish Liberal Party|title=Scottish self-government: the views of the Scottish Liberal party|publisher=Scottish Liberal Party|year=1970|isbn=978-0-902381-04-9}}

External links

  • Scottish Liberal Club and Scottish Liberal Party archives, held at the National Library of Scotland
{{Liberal Party (UK)}}

7 : Scottish Liberal Party|19th century in Scotland|20th century in Scotland|Political parties disestablished in 1988|1859 establishments in Scotland|Political parties established in 1859|1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
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