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词条 Scout Moor Wind Farm
释义

  1. Geography

  2. History

      Construction  

  3. Future plans

  4. Specifications

      Capacity factor  

  5. See also

  6. References

      Notes    Bibliography  

  7. External links

{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}{{Infobox power station
| name = Scout Moor Wind Farm
| name_official =
| image = Aerial View of Scout Moor Wind Farm.jpg
| image_caption = An aerial view of Scout Moor Wind Farm
| image_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|53|39|34|N|2|15|7|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = England, United Kingdom
| location = Scout Moor, Hail Storm Hill, and Knowle Moor, North West England
| status = O
| construction_began = January 2007
| commissioned = 25 September 2008
| decommissioned =
| cost = £50 million
| owner = Peel Wind Power Ltd
| operator =
| ps_units_operational = 26
| ps_units_manu_model = Nordex: Nordex N80 2.5 MW
| wind_hub_height = {{convert|60|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| wind_rotor_diameter = {{convert|80|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| wind_rated_speed =
| wind_farm_type =
| ps_site_elevation = {{convert|1552|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}
| wind_site_usage =
| ps_site_area = {{convert|1347|acre|ha|0|abbr=on}}
| ps_electrical_capacity = 65 MW
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 27%
| ps_annual_generation = 154 GWh
| website = {{URL|scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk}}
| extra =
}}Scout Moor Wind Farm is the second largest onshore wind farm in England. The wind farm, which was built for Peel Wind Power Ltd, produces electricity from 26 Nordex N80 wind turbines. It has a total nameplate capacity of 65 MW of electricity, providing 154,000 MW·h per year;[1] enough to serve the average needs of 40,000 homes. The site occupies {{convert|1347|acre|ha}} of open moorland between Edenfield, Rawtenstall and Rochdale,[2] and is split between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale in northern Greater Manchester and the Borough of Rossendale in south-eastern Lancashire. The turbines are visible from as far away as south Manchester, {{convert|15|-|20|mi}} away.[3]

A protest group was formed to resist the proposed construction, and attracted support from the botanist and environmental campaigner David Bellamy. Despite the opposition, planning permission was granted in 2005 and construction began in 2007. Although work on the project was hampered by harsh weather, difficult terrain, and previous mining activity, the wind farm was officially opened on 25 September 2008 after "years of controversy",[4] at a cost of £50 million.

In 2012 Peel Energy sold its 50% share in the facility to Munich Re's asset management division MEAG. The other 50% holding was also purchased by MEAG from HgCapital Renewable Power Partners.[4]

Geography

Scout Moor is an upland moor of peat bog and heather in the South Pennines,[3] reaching a maximum elevation of {{convert|1552|ft|sigfig=3}} at its peak, Top of Leach.[5][8] The underlying geology – a mixture of hard rock and soft shales – broadly belongs to the Lower Coal Measures. The rock and shales weather at different rates, giving the area a landscape of "steep escarpments separated by sloping shelves", although the main dome of the moor is flat and rounded.[6] The moorland covers an area of about {{convert|1347|acre}},[7] of which less than {{convert|21|acre}}, about 2%, is occupied by the wind farm.[8]

Scout Moor Quarry, a {{convert|250|acre|adj=on}} open-pit mine in Edenfield, is used for the extraction of gritstone and sandstone, and formerly had its own railway line.[9] The eastern fringe of Scout Moor Wind Farm extends to Hail Storm Hill (also known as Cowpe Moss), one of the 180 Marilyns of England.[5][10] The presence of coal under Scout Moor led to extensive and unrecorded shallow coal mining in the area during the 18th and 19th centuries. Adits, shafts and coal seams from that period mark the landscape.[15][11]

History

One meaning of scout is a long ridge of rock, appearing to "shoot out" horizontally. The word is thought to be a corruption of the Old English sceot, meaning "shot" or "to shoot", suggesting Anglo-Saxon settlement in the locality at a very ancient time.[12]

Although the UK Government has set a target of 10% for the proportion of the UK's electricity produced by renewable energy by 2010,[13] wind power in the UK has a long history of controversy, with an average approval rate for planning permission of only 28% for onshore wind farms.[14] Scout Moor was first identified as an excellent site for a wind farm in 2001.[15] Peel Holdings commissioned market research consultants MORI to undertake a telephone poll over seventeen days in 2002, soliciting the opinions of residents in Bury, Rossendale and Rochdale about wind farms in general and Scout Moor in particular. The results showed that 88% of respondents thought wind farms were a very or fairly good idea, 72% thought the Scout Moor project was a very or fairly good idea, and 63% stated wind power as the preferred energy source.[16]

The proposal to build a wind farm, in a joint venture between United Utilities and Peel Holdings, was announced in 2003. Shortly afterwards a pressure group, The Friends of Scout and Knowle Moor, was formed, and on 9 September 2003 representatives of the group attended a meeting of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury's, Ramsbottom and Tottington Area Board to oppose the plans. At the meeting, the spokesperson for the group said that, although they supported the use of alternative energy, they felt that this was the wrong area. Among the objections were that the scheme was contrary to the Unitary Development Plan and the Green Belt, and would adversely affect common land, open countryside and areas of ecological importance and special landscape value. The group also considered that the proposed development would be out of scale with the landscape, adversely affecting peat, water courses and wildlife, and would have a seriously detrimental visual impact, as well as causing a noise nuisance.[17]

The second presentation was given by a representative of Scout Moor Wind Farm, who argued the need for Britain to produce clean green power without harmful emissions, to counter the increasing dangers of global warming. He went on to say that the UK has fewer wind farms than other major industrial countries in Europe, even though it is a windier country, and that North West England has a particularly poor record, with only 1.3% of electricity generated from renewable energy.[17] Following this meeting the campaign to oppose the proposal gathered momentum, and in November 2003 a protest was held on the moor, led by environmental campaigner Professor David Bellamy.[18]

Although Bury Metropolitan Borough Council supported the proposal, objections were raised by Lancashire County Council, Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council and Rossendale Borough Council, and a public enquiry was held in November and December 2004. The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry gave formal consent to the application for the development of the wind farm in May 2005, by which time United Utilities had sold their share in the project and ended their involvement.[19][20] A number of conditions were imposed:

{{Quote|

Under section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act (1990) the applicant will be required to establish a habitat management plan. Other conditions have been

placed on the development including that:

  • Access tracks to all areas to and around the turbine bases shall remain unfenced. Access will be allowed on the site for the whole of the life of the development for members of the public and grazing stock.
  • Construction will take place outside the bird nesting season.
  • A survey will take place to establish the presence of badgers in the area before development takes place.
  • No development shall take place until there is a full archaeological investigation.

More conditions have been attached to the consent and various surveys and assessments must be carried out by the applicant before development can commence.[21]}}

On 20 April 2006, Janet Anderson (Member of Parliament for Rossendale and Darwen) asked Margaret Beckett, then Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether the development would meet the provisions of the Commons Bill regarding the protection of and public access to common land. The reply from Jim Knight, (Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Rural Affairs, Landscape and Biodiversity) was that "[t]hese applications are made under section 147 of the Inclosure Act 1845. Consideration is given under these provision to the effect of the exchange on the general public's legal right of access over the land. The future provisions in the Commons Bill are not relevant."[22]

Construction

The detailed design for the project was completed during summer 2006 and construction began in January 2007.[23] The first task was to build a stable access road, but the moor was covered in a layer of peat with a low load-bearing capacity. The whole area had also been subjected to extensive coal mining during the 19th and early 20th centuries, so there was a potential for subsidence. To address these problems, the mining voids were grouted and a floating road was constructed, using a complex system of geotextiles and geogrids to prevent the road from sinking.[24] This was achieved by laying a crushed-gravel base, reinforced with polyester and polypropylene grids, to bridge any potential mine voids and ensure that the weak shear strength of the subsoil was exceeded by the base course material.[25]

The wind turbines arrived at Scout Moor in parts, transported by large goods vehicles along the M66 motorway to Edenfield as part of a 76-day-long convoy of delivery.[26]

The weather constrained the wind farm's construction for the teams from contractor McNicholas and German turbine supplier Nordex. During the final stages, the project manager for McNicholas was quoted as saying:

{{quote|The weather has undoubtedly been the single biggest challenge we have faced up here. We have worked with wind speeds well in excess of 120mph and temperatures as low as minus 12 degrees Celsius, which is more like minus 25 with the wind-chill factor. I've worked on a lot of wind farm construction projects but the adverse conditions have made this one of the most difficult ... We have spent £30,000 on personal protective equipment for the workers. Keeping them warm, fed and moving in these conditions is a massive man management project, but we did it.[27]}}

The wind farm, which stretches across nearly {{convert|2|mi|km}} of open moorland between Edenfield, Rawtenstall and Rochdale,[3] was officially opened on 25 September 2008.[28][29] and was at that time the largest onshore wind farm in England.[30][31] As of 26 August 2008, 21 of 26 turbines had been commissioned and 4,000 MW·h of electricity had been exported to the National Grid.[32] The turbines are visible from south Manchester, {{nowrap|{{convert|15|-|20|mi}}}} away, and are expected to produce enough electricity to meet the needs of 40,000 average homes.[33] Scout Moor has the capacity to produce a total of 65 MW,[34] compared with the 90 MW capacity of Kentish Flats, the United Kingdom's largest offshore wind farm.[35] The total cost of the Scout Moor project was £50 million,[36] but Peel Holdings expect the turbines to be in operation for at least 25 years.[37] Since its opening, the wind farm "has become a real tourist attraction";[38] a calendar showing photographs of the wind farm's construction has been featured in local news stories.[39]

Future plans

Over the lifetime of the wind farm, Peel Holdings' energy subsidiary, Peel Wind Power Ltd, will provide up to £500,000 to help landowners create biodiverse areas on the land surrounding the moor.[40] A prime target habitat envisaged to be enhanced and re-created under the Habitat Enhancement Plan is upland blanket bog and important habitats for skylarks and wading birds on the moorland fringe. To receive funding, landowners within an identified area will need to apply to a panel made up of representatives from Peel, the local authorities and independent ecological experts. This panel will meet regularly throughout the year.[41]

Peel Wind Power are members of RenewableUK and state in their member's profile that they are actively seeking new opportunities in the renewable energy sector.[42] In November 2008, the company announced a two-year agreement to look at developing wind farms on land owned by UK Coal. If the 14 sites encompassed by the agreement were successfully developed, they would have the potential for 54 wind turbines generating up to 133 megawatts of power. Peel Energy director Steven Underwood said: "This agreement is an important step for Peel Energy, significantly expanding its onshore pipeline and gaining access to some of the UK's best potential wind farm locations." The Peel group holds a 28% stake in UK Coal.[43]

At a private meeting held in May 2007 between developers, EnergieKontor UK, and invited local councillors, plans were put forward for another large wind farm consisting of 24 turbines on the moors above nearby Haslingden, spanning Thirteen Stone Hill and Oswaldtwistle Moor. Following the meeting Catherine Pilling, a Rossendale Liberal Democrat councillor, expressed her view that the natural beauty of the Rossendale Valley was under threat as it was increasingly being targeted by wind farm developers.[51] "Our party is very much in favour of renewable energy," she said, "but Rossendale is an area of outstanding beauty, and you have to ask: Would they be building a similar thing in the Lake District?"[51] Rossendale Borough Council leader Duncan Ruddick representing the electoral ward of Worsley in Rossendale, the proposed site of the new wind farm, said he was against wind farms and would be campaigning against it and speaking at the Development Control committee when it came.[51] The leader of the Labour local councillors was also opposed to the plan, saying that he was concerned about the size of the turbines and that the visual impact on the "beautiful West Pennine Moors" would be devastating.[44] Planning permission for the development was granted by Hyndburn Council in March 2010.[45]

In August 2015 planning permission was granted by Rossendale Borough Council's development control committee to add a further 14 turbines at Scout Moor to create what is believed would be England's largest onshore wind farm,[46] but the plans drew many objections from residents and two petitions were launched by local MPs opposing the scheme. In 2017 The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Sajid Javid MP overruled Rossendale council’s decision but said he was "minded to approve" two additional turbines in Rochdale with a maximum height of 115 metres, subject to conditions, which would potentially enlarge Scout Moor to 28 turbines.[47]

Specifications

Specifications[34]
Manufacturer Nordex
Model N80
Tower height60|m|ft|0}}
Blade length40|m|ft|0}}
Total maximum height100|m|ft|0}}
Turbine weight250|t|lk=on}}[48]
Maximum turbine effect2.5|MW|lk=on}}[49]
Total nameplate capacity (maximum output)65|MW}}
Electricity generated per annum154000|MW·h|TJ|lk=on|abbr=on}}
Capacity factor 27%
CO|2}}) displaced per annum160000|t}}
SO|2}}) displaced per annum2000|t}}
NO|x}}) displaced per annum570|t}}

Capacity factor

{{Main|Wind power}}

As the figures given in the table above were published before the turbines had been operational for a full year they are projected rather than recorded figures. Wind speed is not constant, therefore, a wind farm's annual energy production never achieves the sum of the generator nameplate ratings multiplied by the total hours in a year. The ratio of actual productivity in a year to this theoretical maximum is called the capacity factor. Typical capacity factors are 20–40%, with values at the upper end of the range achieved on particularly favourable sites.[50][51] The expected capacity factor for Scout Moor Wind Farm, calculated from the company's projected figures, is 27%. The actual capacity factor calculated from data published by OFGEM for June 2016 to May 2017 was 25.20%.[52]

See also

{{stack|{{Portal|England|Weather|Renewable energy}}}}
  • Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom

References

Notes

1. ^average output 17.6 MWe, a capacity factor of 27%
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www3.lancashire.gov.uk/council/meetings/displayFile.asp?FTYPE=M&FILEID=8454|title=Lancashire County Council External Overview and Scrutiny Committee Minutes (Word Document)|date=6 January 2005|accessdate=10 December 2008}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/234914_work_begins_on_50million_windfarm.html|title=Work begins on £50million windfarm|date=1 February 2007 |accessdate=1 November 2008|work=Manchester Evening News|last=McMullan|first=Dan|publisher=M.E.N. Media}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-299684183.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153910/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-299684183.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2015-09-24|title=United Kingdom : HgCAPITAL Sells Its Operating 102MW UK Wind Portfolio to MUNICH RE|last=Anon|date=14 August 2012|work=Mena Report|publisher=Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd|accessdate=2 January 2015}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getamap/frames.htm?mapAction=gaz&gazName=g&gazString=SD8335218161|publisher=getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk|author=Ordnance Survey |accessdate=1 November 2008 |title=Source data - 1:50,000 Scale Colour Raster; Grid reference at centre — SD 833 181 GB Grid}}
6. ^1 Sellers (1991) p. 12.
7. ^{{cite web |title=Report to the Cabinet Member for Urban and Rural Regeneration |url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/council/meetings/displayFile.asp?FTYPE=D&FILEID=4689|publisher=Lancashire County Council |format=DOC |accessdate=3 December 2008}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://westcoastenergy.co.uk/files/Projects/Scout%20Moor%20NTS.doc |title=Introduction |work=Environmental Statement |publisher=West Coast Energy |format=DOC |accessdate=3 December 2008}}
9. ^{{cite web|format=PDF|url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/lmwlp/pdf/consultation/CSD043.pdf|title=Joint Lancashire Minerals and Waste Development Framework; Strategic Minerals Issues|publisher=Joint Advisory Committee for Strategic Planning|date=November 2007|accessdate=2 November 2008|pages=60|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205112023/http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/environment/lmwlp/pdf/consultation/CSD043.pdf|archivedate=5 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://bubl.ac.uk/org/tacit/tables/england/marreg36.htm|title=Region 36 Lancashire, Cheshire and Southern Pennines|last=Hewitt|first=Dave|publisher=bubl.ac.uk|year=1997|accessdate=3 November 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203115408/http://bubl.ac.uk/org/tacit/tables/england/marreg36.htm|archivedate=3 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scottwilson.com/projects/natural_resources/energy__power/scout_moor_windfarm_-_geotech.aspx|title=Scout Moor Windfarm — Geotechnical Services|publisher=scottwilson.com |accessdate=3 November 2008 |author=Scott Wilson Group}}
12. ^Chetham Society (1856) [https://archive.org/stream/remainshistorica41chetuoft#page/260/mode/2up/search/scout p. 260].
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/energy/sources/renewables/index.html|title=Renewable Energy|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform|accessdate=18 December 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218135839/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/energy/sources/renewables/index.html|archivedate=18 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bwea.com/media/news/070302.html|title=Poor performance leaves Government renewable energy target in limbo|last=Anon|date=2 March 2007|work=BWEA News|publisher=BWEA|accessdate=12 December 2008}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.peelenergy.co.uk/news-archive-2008/scout-moor-wind-farm-official-launch- |publisher=Peel Energy |accessdate=1 November 2008 |date=19 September 2008 |title=Scout Moor Wind Farm Official Launch |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112145838/http://www.peelenergy.co.uk/news-archive-2008/scout-moor-wind-farm-official-launch- |archivedate=12 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/mori.html|title=7 out of 10 say YES to Scout Moor Windfarm |last=Anon|work=Scout Moor Wind Farm web site|publisher=Peel Wind Power Ltd|accessdate=14 December 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080517004355/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/mori.html |archivedate = 17 May 2008|deadurl=yes}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|title=Metropolitan Borough of Bury: Ramsbottom and Tottington Area Board minutes, Tuesday 9th September 2003|url=http://burydem.bury.gov.uk/aksbury/users/public/admin/kab12.pl?cmte=RTA&meet=5&arc=71|accessdate=1 November 2008|publisher=Bury Metropolitan Borough Council|date=9 September 2003|work=Bury Metropolitan Borough Council website|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205125931/http://burydem.bury.gov.uk/aksbury/users/public/admin/kab12.pl?cmte=RTA&meet=5&arc=71|archivedate=5 February 2009|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Bellamy joins moor wind farm protest|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/heywoodadvertiser/news/s/388283_bellamy_joins_moor_wind_farm_protest |accessdate=1 November 2008 |publisher=M.E.N. Media|date=29 October 2003 |work=Heywood Advertiser|last=Wood|first=Frank}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Power giants pull out of windfarm bid|author=Anon|date=25 April 2005|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/power-giants-pull-out-of-windfarm-1062830|work=Manchester Evening News|publisher=M.E.N. Media|accessdate=21 February 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/lancashire/4575341.stm|title=Moors' windfarm gets green light |date=25 May 2005|work=BBC News|accessdate=13 December 2008}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Large Scale Renewable Energy – Update|url=http://www3.lancashire.gov.uk/council/meetings/displayFile.asp?FTYPE=A&FILEID=10121 |accessdate=1 November 2008 |publisher=Lancashire County Council|date=21 July 2005 |work=Lancashire County Council External Overview & Scrutiny Committee minutes}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/vo060420/text/60420w02.htm#60420w02.html_wqn1|publisher=House of Commons publications|title= Hansard 20 Apr 2006 : Column 751W—continued: Scout Moor Windfarm|date=20 April 2006 |accessdate=2 December 2008}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/news.html|publisher=scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk|author=Peel Group |accessdate=3 November 2008 |title=Project update: May 2005 – September 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080610101750/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/news.html |archivedate = 10 June 2008|deadurl=yes}}
24. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.mcnicholas.co.uk/index.php?q=work-begins-on-wind-farm|publisher=McNicholas Construction (Holdings) Ltd|accessdate=3 November 2008|title=News: Work begins on £10.5 million contract at Scout Moor wind farm|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201204314/http://www.mcnicholas.co.uk/index.php?q=work-begins-on-wind-farm|archivedate=1 December 2007|df=dmy-all}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naue.com/content-global/news/pdfdata/naue_news_30_EN.pdf|publisher=NUAE |accessdate=2 November 2008 |date=May 2007|title=NUAE Geosynthetics Ltd. News: Project Scout Moor Wind farm}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1025653_scout_moor_turbine_arrives|publisher=M.E.N. Media |accessdate=1 November 2008 |date=23 November 2007 |title=Scout Moor turbine arrives|work=Manchester Evening News}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestringer.co.uk/CV/profile.html |publisher=Seb Kennedy |accessdate=7 November 2008 |title=Machines on the hill carry winds of change |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013050724/http://www.thestringer.co.uk/CV/profile.html |archivedate=13 October 2008 }}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Scout Moor Wind Farm gets official switch on|url=http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/community/14514/scout-moor-wind-farm-gets-official-switch-on |accessdate=11 January 2008 |publisher=Rochdale Online|date=25 September 2008 |work=Rochdale Online website|last=Harwood|first=Jan}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/rossendale/3695780.Scout_Moor_Wind_Farm_ready_for_official_switch_on/ |title=Scout Moor Wind Farm ready for official switch on |last=Korn |first=Helen |date=23 September 2008 |work=Lancashire Telegraph |publisher=Newsquest Media Group |accessdate=21 September 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201195029/http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/rossendale/3695780.Scout_Moor_Wind_Farm_ready_for_official_switch_on/ |archivedate=1 February 2009 }}
30. ^{{cite web|title=BBC Manchester –Manchester Places –Scout Moor Wind Farm|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/image_galleries/250908_scoutmoor_windfarm_gallery.shtml |accessdate=1 November 2008 |publisher=BBC|last=Taylor|first=Paul J}}
31. ^{{cite web|title=Harvest time at the wind farm|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/harvest-time-at-the-wind-farm-950756 |accessdate=21 February 2015 |publisher=M.E.N. Media|date=19 April 2010 |work=Manchester Evening News}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/news.html|title=Project update|last=Anon|publisher=Peel Wind Power Ltd|accessdate=6 December 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080610101750/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/news.html |archivedate = 10 June 2008|deadurl=yes}}
33. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/3705100.Wind_farm_opens_on_Scout_Moor/|publisher=theboltonnews.co.uk|title=Wind farm opens on Scout Moor|date=25 September 2008 |accessdate=1 November 2008}}
34. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/keyfacts.html|title=Scout Moor Wind Farm Key Facts |publisher=scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk|author=Peel Group |accessdate=3 November 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080610151634/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/keyfacts.html |archivedate = 10 June 2008|deadurl=yes}}
35. ^{{cite web |title=BWEA Briefing Sheet: Offshore Wind|url=http://www.bwea.com/pdf/briefings/offshore05_small.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=British Wind Energy Association |accessdate=2 December 2008}}
36. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/lancashire/7635159.stm |title=Giant wind farm officially opens |date=25 September 2008 |accessdate=2 November 2008|work=BBC News}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1079118_wind_farm_suffers_blow|title=Wind farm suffers blow|date=12 November 2008|work=Manchester Evening News|publisher=M.E.N. Media|accessdate=13 December 2008|last=Taylor|first=Paul R}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.burytimes.co.uk/archive/2008/11/28/News+from+Ramsbottom%2C+Tottington+and+District+%28NewsR%26T%29/3926711.Wind_farm_is_in_the_frame/|title=Wind farm is in the frame|publisher=Bury Times |accessdate=25 April 2012|date=28 November 2008}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/rossendale/3834525.Ramsbottom_man_produces_Scout_Moor_wind_farm_calendar/|title=Ramsbottom man produces Scout Moor wind farm calendar|date=10 November 2008|accessdate=12 December 2008|first=Alex|last=Willmott |publisher=Lancashire Telegraph}}
40. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.burytimes.co.uk/news/3721217.Moor_the_merrier/£500,000|title=Moor the merrier|last=Poole|first=Sarah|date=2 October 2008|work=Bury Times|publisher=Newsquest Media Group|accessdate=13 December 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406092844/http://www.burytimes.co.uk/news/3721217.moor_the_merrier/%C2%A3500%2C000/|archivedate=6 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/ecological.html|title=Ecological and Habitat Improvement Work|last=Anon|work=Scout moor Wind Farm official web site|publisher=Peel Wind Power Ltd|accessdate=13 December 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080610151627/http://www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk/ecological.html |archivedate = 10 June 2008|deadurl=yes}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bwea.com/members/memberinfo.asp?ID=4977&Cat=|title=Company Directory; Peel Wind Power Ltd|publisher=RenewableUK|accessdate=2 August 2010}}
43. ^{{cite news|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1079544_peel_in_wind_farm_deal_with_uk_coal_|title=Peel in wind farm deal with UK Coal |date=13 November 2008|work=Manchester Evening News|publisher=M.E.N. Media|accessdate=13 December 2008|last=Feddy|first=Kevin}}
44. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Valley to become windfarm alley?|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/rossendalefreepress/news/s/528265_valley_to_become_windfarm_alley |accessdate=11 January 2008 |publisher=M.E.N. Media|date=25 May 2007|work=Rossendale Free Press}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.blackburncitizen.co.uk/news/5038328.Oswaldtwistle_Moor_wind_farm_approved_by_councillors/|title=Oswaldtwistle Moor wind farm approved by councillors|last=Cruces|first=Emma|date=3 March 2010|work=The Citizen|publisher=Newsquest Media Group|accessdate=16 December 2010}}
46. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-34113160 |title=Scout Moor: 'Largest onshore wind farm' bid approved |author= |date=1 September 2015 |website=www.bbc.co.uk/news |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2016}}
47. ^{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Charlotte|title=Government reaches verdict on Scout Moor wind farm expansion|url=http://www.rossendalefreepress.co.uk/news/government-reaches-verdict-scout-moor-13297044|accessdate=24 August 2017|work=Rossendale Free Press|publisher=MEN Media group|date=7 July 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/image_galleries/250908_scoutmoor_windfarm_gallery.shtml?2|title=Scout Moor Wind Farm|publisher=BBC News |accessdate=1 November 2008 |date=25 September 2008}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n80-25-mw.html|publisher=nordex-online.com|author=Nordex |accessdate=4 November 2008 |title=Nordex N80 (2.5 Megawatt)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081117181208/http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n80-25-mw.html |archivedate=17 November 2008}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.awea.org/faq/basicen.html|title=How Does A Wind Turbine's Energy Production Differ from Its Power Production?|publisher=awea.org|year=1998|author=American Wind Energy Association|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080313142528/http://www.awea.org/faq/basicen.html |archivedate = 13 March 2008|deadurl=yes}} Retrieved 19 December 2008.
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ceere.org/rerl/about_wind/RERL_Fact_Sheet_2a_Capacity_Factor.pdf |title=Wind Power: Capacity Factor, Intermittency, and what happens when the wind doesn't blow? |format=PDF |date= |publisher=ceere.org |author=Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001205145/http://www.ceere.org/rerl/about_wind/RERL_Fact_Sheet_2a_Capacity_Factor.pdf |archivedate=1 October 2008 |df= }} Retrieved 19 December 2008.
52. ^{{cite web|last1=Reid|first1=David|title=Scout Moor Wind Farm|url=https://www.variablepitch.co.uk/stations/580/|website=Variable pitch|publisher=David Reid|accessdate=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825060937/https://www.variablepitch.co.uk/stations/580/|archive-date=25 August 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite journal|title=The House and Farm Accounts of the Shuttleworths of Gawthorpe Hall: Part II|journal=Remains, Historical and Literary, Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester|editor=Harland, John|publisher=Chetham Society|year=1856|volume=41}}
  • {{cite book|title=Walking the South Pennines|last=Sellers |first=Gladys |year=1991|isbn=978-1-85284-041-9 |publisher=Cicerone Press}}
{{Refend}}

External links

{{Spoken Wikipedia|Scout Moor Wind Farm.ogg|2009-01-26}}{{Commons category|Scout Moor Wind Farm}}
  • www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk, official website.
  • www.manchesterismyplanet.com, climate change news for Greater Manchester.
  • [https://www.geograph.org.uk/gallery/scout_moor_wind_farm_under_construction_6568 www.geograph.org.uk], Paul Anderson's Scout Moor construction picture gallery.
{{North West Power Stations}}{{Wind power in the United Kingdom}}{{Borough of Rossendale buildings}}{{Featured article}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Scout Moor Wind Farm}}

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