| 词条 | Andrew Sullivan |
| 释义 |
| name = Andrew Sullivan | image = Andrew Sullivan cropped.jpg | caption = Sullivan in August 2006 | birth_name = Andrew Michael Sullivan | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1963|08|10}} | birth_place = South Godstone, Surrey, England | residence = United States | nationality = British, American | education = Reigate Grammar School | alma_mater = Magdalen College, Oxford (BA) Harvard University (MPA, PhD) | occupation = Writer, editor, blogger | spouse = {{marriage|Aaron Tone |2007}} | website = {{URL|http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/}} }}Andrew Michael Sullivan (born 10 August 1963) is a British-born American author, editor, and blogger. Sullivan is a conservative political commentator, a former editor of The New Republic, and the author or editor of six books. He was a pioneer of the political blog, starting his in 2000. He eventually moved his blog to various publishing platforms, including Time, The Atlantic, The Daily Beast, and finally an independent subscription-based format. He announced his retirement from blogging in 2015.[1] Sullivan has been a writer-at-large at New York since 2016.[2] Sullivan's conservatism is rooted in his Roman Catholic background and in the ideas of the British political philosopher Michael Oakeshott;[3][4] In 2003, he wrote he was no longer able to support the American conservative movement, as he was disaffected with the Republican Party's continued rightward drift on social issues during the George W. Bush era.[5] Born and raised in Britain he has lived in the United States since 1984 and currently resides in Washington, D.C.,[6] and Provincetown, Massachusetts. He is openly gay and a practising Roman Catholic.[7][8] Early and personal lifeSullivan was born in South Godstone, Surrey, England into a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,[9] and was brought up in the nearby town of East Grinstead, West Sussex. He was educated at Reigate Grammar School[10] and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was awarded a first-class Bachelor of Arts in modern history and modern languages.[11] In his second year, he was elected President of the Oxford Union for Trinity term 1983. Sullivan earned a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University,[12] followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard in 1990. His dissertation was titled Intimations Pursued: The Voice of Practice in the Conversation of Michael Oakeshott.[13] In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with "other HIV-positive men". He was widely criticised in the media for this, with some critics noting that he had condemned President Bill Clinton's "incautious behavior", though others wrote in his defense.[14][15][16][17] In 2003, Sullivan wrote a Salon article identifying himself as a member of the gay "bear community".[18] On 27 August 2007, he married Aaron Tone in Provincetown, Massachusetts.[19][20][21] Sullivan was barred for many years from applying for United States citizenship because of his HIV-positive status.[22][23] Following the statutory and administrative repeals of the HIV immigration ban in 2008 and 2009, respectively, he announced his intention to begin the process of becoming a permanent resident and citizen.[24][25] On The Chris Matthews Show on 16 April 2011, Sullivan confirmed that he had become a permanent resident, showing his green card.[26] On 1 December 2016, Sullivan became a naturalized U.S. citizen.[27] He has been a daily user of marijuana since 2001.[28] CareerIn 1986, Sullivan began his career with The New Republic magazine, serving as its editor from 1991 to 1996.[11] In that position, he expanded the magazine from its traditional roots in political coverage to cultural issues and the politics surrounding them. During this time, the magazine generated several high-profile controversies.[30] While completing graduate work at Harvard in 1988, Sullivan published an attack in Spy magazine on Rhodes Scholars, "All Rhodes Lead Nowhere in Particular," which dismissed recipients of the scholarship as "hustling apple-polisher[s]"; "high-profile losers"; "the very best of the second-rate"; and "misfits by the very virtue of their bland, eugenic perfection." "[T]he sad truth is that as a rule," Sullivan wrote, "Rhodies possess none of the charms of the aristocracy and all of the debilities: fecklessness, excessive concern that peasants be aware of their achievement, and a certain hemophilia of character."[29] Author Thomas Schaeper notes that "[i]ronically, Sullivan had first gone to the United States on a Harkness Fellowship, one of many scholarships spawned in emulation of the Rhodes program."[29] In 1994, Sullivan published excerpts on race and intelligence from Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's controversial The Bell Curve, which argued that some of the measured difference in IQ scores among racially defined groups was a result of genetic inheritance. Almost the entire editorial staff of the magazine threatened to resign if material that they considered racist was published.[30] To appease them, Sullivan included lengthy rebuttals from 19 writers and contributors. He has continued to speak approvingly of the research and arguments presented in The Bell Curve, writing, "The book ... still holds up as one of the most insightful and careful of the last decade. The fact of human inequality and the subtle and complex differences between various manifestations of being human—gay, straight, male, female, black, Asian—is a subject worth exploring, period."[31] According to Sullivan, this incident was a turning point in his relationship with the magazine's staff and management, which he conceded was already bad because he "was a lousy manager of people".[30] He left the magazine in 1996. Sullivan began writing for The New York Times Magazine in 1998, but was fired by editor Adam Moss in 2002. Jack Shafer wrote in Slate magazine that he had asked Moss in an e-mail to explain this decision, but that his e-mails went unanswered, adding that Sullivan was not fully forthcoming on the subject. Sullivan wrote on his blog that the decision had been made by Times executive editor Howell Raines, who found Sullivan's presence "uncomfortable", but defended Raines's right to fire him. Sullivan suggested that Raines had done so in response to Sullivan's criticism of the Times on his blog, and said he had expected that his criticisms would eventually anger Raines.[32] Sullivan has also worked as a columnist for The Sunday Times of London.[33] Ross Douthat and Tyler Cowen have suggested that Sullivan is the most influential political writer of his generation, particularly because of his very early and strident support for same-sex marriage, his pioneering blog, his support of the Iraq War, and his subsequent support of Barack Obama's presidential candidacy.[34] Mark Ames has charged that Sullivan lacks journalistic integrity and has been responsible for a number of unethical and misleading articles during his career.[35]PoliticsSullivan describes himself as a conservative and is the author of The Conservative Soul. He has supported a number of traditional libertarian positions, favouring limited government and opposing interventionist measures such as affirmative action.[40] However, on a number of controversial public issues, including same-sex marriage, social security, progressive taxation, anti-discrimination laws, the Affordable Care Act, the United States government's use of torture, and capital punishment, he has taken positions not typically shared by conservatives in the United States.[36] In July 2012, Sullivan said that "the catastrophe of the Bush-Cheney years ... all but exploded the logic of neoconservatism and its domestic partner-in-crime, supply-side economics."[37] One of the most important intellectual and political influences on Sullivan is Michael Oakeshott.[4] Sullivan describes Oakeshott's thought as "an anti-ideology, a nonprogramme, a way of looking at the world whose most perfect expression might be called inactivism."[30] He argues "that Oakeshott requires us to systematically discard programmes and ideologies and view each new situation sui generis. Change should only ever be incremental and evolutionary. Oakeshott viewed society as resembling language: it is learned gradually and without us really realising it, and it evolves unconsciously, and for ever."[30] In 1984, he wrote that Oakeshott offered "a conservatism which ends by affirming a radical liberalism."[30] This "anti-ideology" is perhaps the source of accusations that Sullivan "flip-flops" or changes his opinions to suit the whims of the moment. He has written, "A true conservative—who is, above all, an anti-ideologue—will often be attacked for alleged inconsistency, for changing positions, for promising change but not a radical break with the past, for pursuing two objectives—like liberty and authority, or change and continuity—that seem to all ideologues as completely contradictory."[38] As a youth, Sullivan was a fervent supporter of Margaret Thatcher and later Ronald Reagan. He says of that time, "What really made me a right-winger was seeing the left use the state to impose egalitarianism—on my school",[30] after the Labour government in Britain tried to merge his admissions-selective school with the local comprehensive school. At Oxford, he became friends with future prominent conservatives William Hague and Niall Ferguson and became involved with Conservative Party politics.[30] From 1980 through 2000, he supported Republican presidential candidates in the United States,[30] with the exception of Bill Clinton, who he supported during his first election campaign in 1992.[39] In 2004, however, he supported the presidential campaign of John Kerry, a Democrat, angered by George W. Bush's support of the Federal Marriage Amendment designed to enshrine in the Constitution marriage as a union between a man and a woman, as well as what he saw as his administration's incompetence over its Iraq War management.[40] Sullivan endorsed Senator Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 United States presidential election, and Representative Ron Paul for the Republican nomination. He eventually endorsed Obama for president, largely because he believed that he would restore "the rule of law and Constitutional balance"; he also argued that Obama represented a more realistic prospect for "bringing America back to fiscal reason", and expressed a hope that Obama would be able to "get us past the culture war."[41] Sullivan has continued to maintain that Obama is the best choice for president from a conservative point of view. During the 2012 election campaign, he wrote, "Against a radical right, reckless, populist insurgency, Obama is the conservative option, dealing with emergent problems with pragmatic calm and modest innovation. He seeks as a good Oakeshottian would to reform the country's policies in order to regain the country's past virtues. What could possibly be more conservative than that?"[42] Sullivan has declared support for Arnold Schwarzenegger[43] and other like-minded Republicans.[44][45] He argues that the Republican Party, and much of the conservative movement in the United States, has largely abandoned its earlier scepticism and moderation in favour of a more fundamentalist certainty, both in religious and political terms.[46] He has said this is the primary source of his alienation from the modern Republican Party.[47] In January 2009, Forbes magazine ranked Sullivan No. 19 on a list of "The 25 Most Influential Liberals in the U.S. Media".[48] Sullivan rejected the "liberal" label and set out his grounds in a published article in response.[49] In August 2018, describing Sarah Jeong as a racist with a "vicious hatred" of white people,[50] Sullivan explicitly accused the New York Times editorial board-member of eliminationism;[51][52] a belief that political opponents are a societal cancer that should be separated, censored or exterminated.[53][54] LGBT issuesSullivan, like Marshall Kirk, Hunter Madsen, and Bruce Bawer, has been described by Urvashi Vaid as a proponent of "legitimation", seeing the objective of the gay rights movement as being "mainstreaming gay and lesbian people" rather than "radical social change".[55] Sullivan wrote the first major article in the United States advocating for gay people to be given the right to marry,[30] published in The New Republic in 1989.[56] Many gay rights organisations attacked him for the stance at the time. Many on "the gay left" believed that he was promoting "assimilation" into "straight culture", when the aim of most at that time was to alter codes of sexuality and society as a whole, rather than fitting gays into it.[30] However, his arguments eventually became widely accepted and formed the basis of the modern movement to allow same-sex marriage.[56] In the wake of the United States Supreme Court rulings on same-sex marriage in 2013 (Hollingsworth v. Perry and United States v. Windsor), New York Times op-ed columnist Ross Douthat suggested that Sullivan might be the most influential political writer of his generation, writing, "No intellectual that I can think of, writing on a fraught and controversial topic, has seen their once-crankish, outlandish-seeming idea become the conventional wisdom so quickly, and be instantantiated so rapidly in law and custom."[34] Sullivan opposes hate crime laws, arguing that they undermine freedom of speech and equal protection.[57] He also opposes the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, arguing that it would "not make much of a difference" and that the "gay rights establishment" was wrong to oppose a version of the bill that did not include protections for gender identity.[58] Sullivan opposed calls to remove Brendan Eich as CEO of Mozilla for donating to the campaign for Proposition 8, which made same-sex marriage illegal in California.[59][60][61] He argued that "old-fashioned liberalism brought gay equality to America far, far faster than identity politics leftism."[62] In 2006, Sullivan was named as an LGBT History Month icon.[63] War on terrorSullivan supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and was initially hawkish in the war on terror, arguing that weakness would embolden terrorists. He was "one of the most militant"[30] supporters of the Bush administration's counter-terrorism strategy immediately following the September 11 attacks in 2001; in an essay for The Sunday Times, he stated, "The middle part of the country—the great red zone that voted for Bush—is clearly ready for war. The decadent Left in its enclaves on the coasts is not dead—and may well mount what amounts to a fifth column."[64] Eric Alterman wrote in 2002 that Sullivan had "set himself up as a one-man House Un-American Activities Committee" running an "inquisition" to unmask "anti-war Democrats", "basing his argument less on the words these politicians speak than on the thoughts he knows them to be holding in secret".[65] Later, Sullivan criticised the Bush administration for its prosecution of the war, especially regarding the numbers of troops, protection of munitions, and treatment of prisoners, including the use of torture against detainees in United States custody.[66] Though he argues that enemy combatants in the war on terror should not be given status as prisoners of war because "terrorists are not soldiers",[67] he believes that the US government must abide by the rules of war—in particular, Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions—when dealing with such detainees.[68] In retrospect, Sullivan said that the torture and abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq had jolted him back to "sanity".[30] Of his early support for the invasion of Iraq, he said, "I was terribly wrong. In the shock and trauma of 9/11, I forgot the principles of scepticism and doubt towards utopian schemes that I had learned."[30] On the edition of 27 October 2006 of Real Time with Bill Maher, he described conservatives and Republicans who refused to admit they had been wrong to support the Iraq War as "cowards". On 26 February 2008, he wrote on his blog: "After 9/11, I was clearly blinded by fear of al Qaeda and deluded by the overwhelming military superiority of the US and the ease of democratic transitions in Eastern Europe into thinking we could simply fight our way to victory against Islamist terror. I wasn't alone. But I was surely wrong."[69] His reversal on the Iraq issue and his increasing attacks on the Bush administration caused a severe backlash from many hawkish conservatives, who accused him of not being a "real" conservative.[30] Sullivan authored an opinion piece, "Dear President Bush," that was featured as the cover article of the October 2009 edition of The Atlantic magazine.[70] In it, he called on former President Bush to take personal responsibility for the incidents and practices of torture that occurred during his administration as part of the war on terror. IsraelSullivan states that he has "always been a Zionist".[71] However, in February 2009, he wrote that he could no longer take the neoconservative position on Israel seriously:[72] {{quote|[N]eo-conservatism, in large part, is simply about enabling the most irredentist elements in Israel and sustaining a permanent war against anyone or any country who disagrees with the Israeli right [...] But America is not Israel. And once that distinction is made, much of the neoconservative ideology collapses.}} In January 2010, Sullivan blogged that he was "moving toward" the idea of "a direct American military imposition" of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with NATO troops enforcing "the borders of the new states of Palestine and Israel". He commented, "I too am sick of the Israelis. [...] I'm sick of having a great power like the US being dictated to."[73] His post was criticised by Noah Pollak of Commentary, who referred to it as "crazy", "heady stuff" based on "hubris".[74] In February 2010, Leon Wieseltier suggested in The New Republic that Sullivan, a former friend and colleague, had a "venomous hostility toward Israel and Jews" and was "either a bigot, or just moronically insensitive" toward the Jewish people.[75] Sullivan rejected the accusation and was defended by some writers, while others at least partly supported Wieseltier.[76] In March 2019, Sullivan wrote in New York magazine that while he strongly supported the right of a Jewish state to exist, he felt that Rep. Ihlan Omar's comments about the influence of the pro-Israel lobby were largely correct. Sullivan said that "it is simply a fact that the Israel lobby uses money, passion, and persuasion to warp this country’s foreign policy in favor of another country — out of all proportion to what Israel can do for the U.S."[77] IranSullivan devoted a significant amount of blog space to covering the allegations of fraud and related protests after the 2009 Iranian presidential election. Francis Wilkinson of The Week stated that Sullivan's "coverage—and that journalism term takes on new meaning here—of the uprising in Iran was nothing short of extraordinary. 'Revolutionary' might be a better word."[78] Sullivan was inspired by the Iranian people's reactions to the election results and used his blog as a hub of information. Because of the media blackout in Iran, Iranian Twitter accounts were a major source of information. Sullivan frequently quoted and linked to Nico Pitney of The Huffington Post.[79] ReligionSullivan identifies himself as a faithful Catholic while disagreeing with some aspects of the Catholic Church's doctrine. In Virtually Normal, he argues that the Bible forbids same-sex sexual activity only when it is linked to prostitution or pagan rituals.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} He expressed concern about the election of Pope Benedict XVI in an article in Time Magazine on 24 April 2005, titled "The Vicar of Orthodoxy".[80] He wrote that Benedict was opposed to the modern world and women's rights, and considered gays and lesbians innately disposed to evil. Sullivan has, however, agreed with Benedict's assertion that reason is an integral element of faith. Sullivan takes a moderate approach to religion, rejecting fundamentalism and describing himself as a "dogged defender of pluralism and secularism". He defended religious moderates in a series of exchanges with atheist author Sam Harris in which Harris maintained that religious moderates provided cover for fundamentalists and made it impossible for anyone to effectively oppose them.[81] BloggingIn late 2000, Sullivan began his blog, The Daily Dish. The core principle of the blog has been the style of conservatism he views as traditional. This includes fiscal conservatism, limited government, and classic libertarianism on social issues. Sullivan opposes government involvement with respect to sexual and consensual matters between adults, such as the use of marijuana and prostitution. He believes recognition of same-sex marriage is a civil-rights issue but expressed willingness to promote it on a state-by-state legislative federalism basis, rather than trying to judicially impose the change.[82] Most of Sullivan's disputes with other conservatives have been over social issues and the handling of postwar Iraq. Sullivan gave out yearly "awards" for various public statements, parodying those of the people the awards were named after. Throughout the year, nominees were mentioned in various blog posts. The readers of his blog chose winners at the end of each year.[83]
In February 2007, Sullivan moved his blog from Time to The Atlantic Monthly, where he had accepted an editorial post. His presence was estimated to have contributed as much as 30% of the subsequent traffic increase for The Atlantic In 2009, The Daily Dish won the 2008 Weblog Award for Best Blog.[85] Sullivan left The Atlantic to begin blogging at The Daily Beast in April 2011.[86] In 2013, he announced that he was leaving The Daily Beast to launch The Dish as a stand-alone website, charging subscribers $20 a year.[87][88] In a note posted on The Dish on 28 January 2015, Sullivan announced his decision to retire from blogging.[89][90] He posted his final blog entry on 6 February 2015.[91] On 26 June 2015, he posted an additional piece in reaction to Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage in the United States.[92] Works
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/business/web-pioneer-plans-to-retire-from-his-blog.html|title=Andrew Sullivan Retires From Blogging|last=Somaiya|first=Ravi|date=28 January 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=12 April 2016}} 2. ^{{Cite web| title = Andrew Sullivan Joins New York Magazine As Contributing Editor| work = New York Press Room| accessdate = 2017-12-22| date = 2016-04-01| url = http://nymag.com/press/2016/04/andrew-sullivan-joins-new-york-magazine-as-contributing-editor.html}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Allison |first=Maisie |url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/beyond-fox-news-242/ |title=Beyond Fox News |publisher=The American Conservative |date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=4 December 2013}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Ask Andrew Anything: Oakeshott's Influence|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/videos/2011/10/11/ask-andrew-anything-oakeshott.html|work=The Daily Beast|accessdate=23 October 2013|date=11 October 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Andrew|title=Leaving the Right|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2009/12/leaving-the-right/193506/|date=1 December 2009|website=The Atlantic|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Sullivan |first=Andrew |title=New York Shitty |url=http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2012/10/new-york-city.html |work=The Daily Beast |accessdate=11 October 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010234616/http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2012/10/new-york-city.html |archivedate=10 October 2012 }} 7. ^http://chqdaily.com/2017/07/conservative-gay-writer-andrew-sullivan-makes-case-faith/ 8. ^https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/sullivans-catholicism 9. ^{{cite web|last=Raban|first=Jonathan|title=Cracks in the House of Rove: The Conservative Soul by Andrew Sullivan|publisher=New York Review of Books|date=12 April 2007|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20050|accessdate=28 July 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080708230944/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20050| archivedate= 8 July 2008 | deadurl= no}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Notable Past Pupils |publisher=The Old Reigatian Association, Foundation and Alumni Office, Reigate Grammar School |url=http://www.reigategrammar.org/ora2/npp.htm |accessdate=28 July 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624162447/http://www.reigategrammar.org/ora2/npp.htm |archivedate=24 June 2008 |deadurl=yes }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|title=Andrew's Bio|work=The Atlantic|url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/bio.html|accessdate=28 July 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080727212747/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/bio.html| archivedate= 27 July 2008 | deadurl= no}} 12. ^{{cite news|last=Van Auken|first=Dillon|title=Andrew Sullivan Lectures at IOP|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2011/11/18/andrew-sullivan-iop-lecture/|accessdate=25 January 2012|newspaper=The Harvard Crimson|date=18 November 2011}} 13. ^{{cite news|last=Brooks|first=David|title=Arguing With Oakeshott|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/27/opinion/arguing-with-oakeshott.html|accessdate=25 January 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=27 December 2003}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20010618/kim20010605 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120914032044/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20010618/kim20010605 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=14 September 2012 |title=Andrew Sullivan, Overexposed |work=The Nation |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2001/06/05/sullivan/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030902000322/http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2001/06/05/sullivan/index.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2 September 2003 |title=My story was ethical |work=Salon |date=5 June 2001 |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/2001/10/20/sullivan/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030830024552/http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/2001/10/20/sullivan/index.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=30 August 2003 |title=Salon.com Andrew Sullivan's jihad |work=Salon |date=20 October 2001 |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/2001/06/02/sullivan/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030830043943/http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/2001/06/02/sullivan/index.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=30 August 2003 |title=Salon.com in defense of Andrew Sullivan |work=Salon |date=2 June 2001 |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.salon.com/opinion/sullivan/2003/08/01/bears/index_np.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031228060225/http://archive.salon.com/opinion/sullivan/2003/08/01/bears/index_np.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=28 December 2003 |title=I am bear, hear me roar! |work=Salon |date=1 August 2003 |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 19. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/25/AR2007042503150.html#sullivan | work=The Washington Post | title=At Artomatic, a Rocket Ship Blasts Off; That's the Breaks | first1=Amy | last1=Argetsinger | first2=Roxanne | last2=Roberts | date=26 April 2007 | accessdate=25 April 2010}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.indegayforum.org/news/show/31332.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915092100/http://www.indegayforum.org/news/show/31332.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=15 September 2007 |title=Independent Gay Forum – The Poltroon and the Groom |publisher=Indegayforum.org |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 21. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/andrew_sullivan/article2283227.ece | work=The Times | location=London | title=My small gay wedding is finally here help | date=19 August 2007 | accessdate=25 April 2010 | first=Andrew | last=Sullivan}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?194650-1/qa-andrew-sullivan |title=Q&A with Andrew Sullivan (see 45:44 to 46:27)|publisher=C-SPAN |date=4 October 2006 |accessdate=25 March 2015}} 23. ^Andrew Sullivan, "Vatican Beatifies John Paul II As Patron Saint Of Ignoring Problem Until You Die.". Retrieved 25 May 2009. 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/07/the-hiv-travel.html |work=The Daily Dish |title=The HIV Travel Ban: Still In Place |accessdate=29 January 2013}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/10/free-at-last.html |work=The Daily Dish |title=Free at Last |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091226085309/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/10/free-at-last.html |archivedate=26 December 2009 |deadurl=no |accessdate=19 December 2009}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://video.thechrismatthewsshow.com/player/?fid=31183|title=Weekend of April 16–17, 2011 – Videos – The Chris Matthews Show|publisher=videos.thechrismatthewsshow.com|accessdate=17 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510020352/http://video.thechrismatthewsshow.com/player/?fid=31183|archivedate=10 May 2011|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://nymag.com/press/2017/01/cover-andrew-sullivan-on-becoming-an-american-citizen.html|title=On the Cover: Andrew Sullivan on Becoming an American Citizen|newspaper=New York Press Room|language=en|accessdate=28 January 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/09/yes-im-dependent-on-weed.html|title=Yes, I’m Dependent on Weed|first=Andrew|last=Sullivan|publisher=New York Magazine|date=15 September 2017}} 29. ^1 Sullivan, Andrew. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=Y78i5nkBWxgC&pg=PA282&lpg=PA315&ots=-mu4mAX_KU&focus=viewport&dq=rhodes+to+nowhere+andrew+sullivan&output=html_text All Rhodes Lead Nowhere in Particular]", Spy, October 1988, pp. 108–114. Quoted in Schaeper, Thomas J.; Schaeper, Kathleen. The Rhodes Scholarship, Oxford, and the Creation of an American Elite, Berghahn Books, 2010, pp. 281–285. {{ISBN|978-1845457211}} 30. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite web|url=http://www.moreintelligentlife.com/story/andrew-sullivan-thinking-out-loud|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425202254/http://www.moreintelligentlife.com/story/andrew-sullivan-thinking-out-loud|archivedate=25 April 2009 |title=Andrew Sullivan: Thinking. Out. Loud. |newspaper=Intelligent Life |date=Spring 2009 |accessdate=24 October 2013|first=Johann |last=Hari}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2128199|title=The Bell Curve revisited.|date=17 October 2005|accessdate=22 January 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100210010840/http://www.slate.com/id/2128199| archivedate= 10 February 2010 | deadurl= no}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2065829|title=Raines-ing in Andrew Sullivan|date=15 May 2002|accessdate=1 August 2010}} 33. ^{{cite news|author=Andrew Sullivan |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/comment/columns/andrewsullivan/article1277182.ece |title=Back together: me, Fatboy Slim and the rest of the Upwardly Mobile Gang |work=The Sunday Times |date=23 June 2013 |accessdate=4 December 2013}} 34. ^1 {{cite news|last=Douthat|first=Ross|title=The Influence of Andrew Sullivan|url=http://douthat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/02/the-influence-of-andrew-sullivan/?_r=0|accessdate=23 October 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 July 2013}} 35. ^{{cite news|last=Ames|first=Mark|title=If Andrew Sullivan is 'The Future of Journalism' then Journalism is F*cked|url=http://thedailybanter.com/2013/01/if-andrew-sullivan-is-the-future-of-journalism-then-journalism-is-fcked/|accessdate=27 October 2013|newspaper=The Daily Banter|date=11 January 2013}} 36. ^1 {{cite web|title="Conservatism And Its Discontents" T.H. White Lecture with Andrew Sullivan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjE49UnJiwE|accessdate=30 June 2012}} 37. ^"Yglesias Award Nominee" The Dish 6 July 2012 38. ^{{cite web|last=Sullivan|first=Andrew|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2013/11/13/the-necessary-contradictions-of-a-conservative/|title=The Necessary Contradictions of a Conservative|publisher=The Daily DIsh|accessdate=13 November 2013|date=13 November 2013}} 39. ^{{cite book|last1=Davidson|first1=Telly|title=Culture War: How the '90s Made Us Who We Are Today (Whether We Like It or Not)|date=14 July 2016|publisher=McFarland|page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRLaDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=andrew+sullivan+supported+clinton+1992&source=bl&ots=XTc-kU9_yb&sig=pz2PiLCauTEXnJ6UfdUnJTOD40c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj55YP83dzSAhVEOSYKHaP7ASQQ6AEIRjAK#v=onepage&q=andrew%20sullivan%20supported%20clinton%201992&f=false|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 40. ^{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Andrew|title=WHY I AM SUPPORTING JOHN KERRY|url=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1257816/posts|website=Free Republic|publisher=The New Republic|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/11/barack-obama-fo.html |title=The Daily Dish | By Andrew Sullivan (3 November 2008) – Barack Obama For President |publisher=Andrew Sullivan |accessdate=9 March 2009 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090305042620/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/11/barack-obama-fo.html |archivedate=5 March 2009}} 42. ^{{cite web|first=Andrew |last=Sullivan |title=America's Tory President |url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2012/08/24/americas-tory-president/ |work=The Daily Dish |date=24 August 2012 |accessdate=31 October 2013}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://sullivanarchives.theatlantic.com/index.php.dish_inc-archives.2003_10_01_dish_archive.html |title=Saturday, 11 October 2003 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130101303/http://sullivanarchives.theatlantic.com/index.php.dish_inc-archives.2003_10_01_dish_archive.html |archivedate=30 January 2012 }} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/12/ron-paul-for-th.html |title=The Daily Dish | By Andrew Sullivan |publisher=Andrew Sullivan |accessdate=9 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090305105226/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/12/ron-paul-for-th.html| archivedate= 5 March 2009}} 45. ^"Ron Paul For The GOP Nomination" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219214218/http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/12/ron-paul-for-the-gop-nomination.html |date=19 December 2011 }} 14 December 2011, The Daily Beast 46. ^{{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Andrew|title=The Christianist Takeover|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2011/08/14/the-christianist-takeover/|accessdate=27 October 2013|newspaper=The Daily Dish|date=14 August 2011}} 47. ^{{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Andrew|title=The Tea Party As A Religion|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2013/10/16/the-tea-party-as-a-religion/|accessdate=27 October 2013|newspaper=The Daily Dish|date=16 October 2013}} 48. ^{{cite journal |last=Varadarajan |first=Tunku |author2=Elisabeth Eaves |author3=Hana R. Alberts |date=22 January 2009 |title=The 25 Most Influential Liberals in the U.S. Media |journal=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/01/22/influential-media-obama-oped-cx_tv_ee_hra_0122liberal_slide_8.html}} 49. ^{{cite web|author=Read Andrew Sullivan in TheAtlantic magazine |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/01/forbes-definiti.html |title=Forbes' Definition Of "Liberal" – The Daily Dish | By Andrew Sullivan |publisher=Andrew Sullivan |date=24 January 2009 |accessdate=11 August 2010}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2018/08/03/is-trump-trying-to-throw-the-midterms-and-other-commentary/ |title=Is Trump trying to throw the midterms, and other commentary |date=3 August 2018 |department=Post Editorial Board |publisher=New York Post}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/technology/2018/8/8/17661368/sarah-jeong-twitter-new-york-times-andrew-sullivan |title=The problem with Twitter, as shown by the Sarah Jeong fracas |date=8 August 2018 |publisher=Vox Media}} 52. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/loop/goblins-gooks-and-cancel-all-white-men-new-york-times-makes-controversial-hire-1169118 |title='Goblins,' 'Gooks' and 'Cancel All White Men.' The New York Times Makes a Controversial Hire. |date=5 August 2018 |publisher=Al Bawaba}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/08/sarah-jeong-new-york-times-anti-white-racism.html |title=When Racism Is Fit to Print |date=3 August 2018 |publisher=New York (magazine)}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/08/andrew-sullivan/ |title=Andrew Sullivan Releases Controversial Column & Twitter Responds |date=3 August 2018 |publisher=Heavy.com}} 55. ^Vaid, Urvashi. Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay & Lesbian Liberation. New York: Doubleday, 1996, p. 37 56. ^1 {{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Andrew|title=Here Comes the Groom|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/11/gay_marriage_votes_and_andrew_sullivan_his_landmark_1989_essay_making_a.html|accessdate=24 October 2013|newspaper=Slate|date=9 November 2012}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/05/hate_crimes_and.html |title=The Daily Dish | By Andrew Sullivan (3 May 2007) – Hate Crimes and Double Standards |publisher=Andrew Sullivan |accessdate=9 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090308132915/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/05/hate_crimes_and.html| archivedate= 8 March 2009 | deadurl= no}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.queerty.com/andrew-sullivan-supports-barney-frank-20071012/ |title=Andrew Sullivan Supports Barney Frank / Queerty |publisher=Queerty.com |accessdate=9 March 2009}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2014/04/03/the-hounding-of-brendan-eich/|title=The Hounding of a Heretic|work=The Dish}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaite.com/tv/andrew-sullivan-blows-colberts-mind-with-defense-of-brendan-eich/|title=Andrew Sullivan Blows Colbert's Mind with Defense of Brendan Eich|date=10 April 2014|publisher=mediaite.com}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/5432/20140412/andrew-sullivan-sparks-ire-of-gay-community-over-defense-of-former-mozilla-ceo-brendan-eich.htm|title=Andrew Sullivan sparks ire of gay community over defense of former Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich|work=Tech Times}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2015/01/27/the-lefts-intensifying-war-on-liberalism/|title=The Left's Intensifying War on Liberalism " The Dish|work=The Dish}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lgbthistorymonth.com/andrew-sullivan |title=Andrew Sullivan |publisher=LGBTHistoryMonth.com |date=20 August 2011 |accessdate=15 January 2014}} 64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2074734/|title=Gore, Sullivan, and "Fifth Column"|last=Noah|first=Timothy|work=Slate|date=2 December 2002}} 65. ^{{cite news|last=Alterman|first=Eric|title=Sullivan's Travails|url=http://www.thenation.com/issue/april-8-2002#|accessdate=26 October 2013|newspaper=The Nation|date=8 April 2002}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://sullivanarchives.theatlantic.com/index.php.dish_inc-archives.2005_01_09_dish_archive.html |title=Archives: Daily Dish |work=The Atlantic |accessdate=1 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191318/http://sullivanarchives.theatlantic.com/index.php.dish_inc-archives.2005_01_09_dish_archive.html |archivedate=29 October 2013 }} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives/2005_07_03_dish_archive.html#112085651653164877 |publisher=andrewsullivan.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050717230946/http://www.andrewsullivan.com/index.php?dish_inc=archives%2F2005_07_03_dish_archive.html |archivedate=17 July 2005 |title=The View From Your Window |deadurl=no |accessdate=29 January 2013 }} 68. ^{{cite web |url=http://time.blogs.com/daily_dish/2006/07/hamdan_myths_an.html |work=The Daily Dish |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106000231/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/ |archivedate=6 January 2009 |title=The Reality of War |deadurl=yes |accessdate=29 January 2013}} 69. ^{{cite web |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/02/mccains-nationa.html |work=The Daily Dish |publisher=Andrew Sullivan |date=26 February 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305093346/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/02/mccains-nationa.html |archivedate=5 March 2009 |title=McCain's National Greatness Conservatism |deadurl=no |accessdate=29 January 2013}} 70. ^{{cite web|last=Cleland |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200910/bush-torture |title=Dear President Bush, |work=The Atlantic |date=1 October 2009 |accessdate=4 December 2013}} 71. ^A. Sullivan, Mr Netanyahu "Expects" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523131119/http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/05/mr-netanyahu-expects.html |date=23 May 2011 }}, 20 May 2011. 72. ^Andrew Sullivan,"A False Premise", Sullivan's Daily Dish, 5 February 2009. 73. ^{{cite web|url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2010/01/sick-of-the-israelis-and-the-palestinians.html|title=Sick|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=7 January 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100109011639/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2010/01/sick-of-the-israelis-and-the-palestinians.html| archivedate= 9 January 2010 | deadurl= no}} 74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2010/01/06/andrew-sullivan-its-time-to-invade-israel/|date=6 January 2010|accessdate=7 January 2010|title=Andrew Sullivan: It’s Time to Invade Israel|author=Noah Pollak|publisher=Commentary}} 75. ^Leon Wieseltier, Something Much Darker. Andrew Sullivan has a serious problem, The New Republic, 8 February 2010. 76. ^19 Pundits on the Sullivan-Wieseltier Debate, The Atlantic, 11 February 2010. 77. ^{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/03/how-should-we-talk-about-the-israel-lobbys-power.html|title=How Should We Talk About the Israel Lobby’s Power?|last=Sullivan|first=Andrew|date=2019-03-08|website=Intelligencer|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}} 78. ^{{cite web|author=Francis Wilkinson |url=http://www.theweek.com/article/index/98673/The_future_belongs_to_Andrew_Sullivan |title=The future belongs to Andrew Sullivan |publisher=Theweek.com |accessdate=4 December 2013}} 79. ^{{cite web|author=Read Andrew Sullivan in TheAtlantic magazine |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2009/06/is-iran-calming-down.html |title=Is Iran Calming Down? – The Daily Dish | By Andrew Sullivan |publisher=Andrew Sullivan |date=22 June 2009 |accessdate=11 August 2010}} 80. ^{{cite news|author= Andrew Sullivan |url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050502/sosullivan.html |title= The Vicar of Orthodoxy – TIME Magazine |work=Time |date=24 April 2005 |accessdate=9 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090320160656/http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050502/sosullivan.html| archivedate= 20 March 2009 | deadurl= no}} 81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beliefnet.com/story/209/story_20904_3.html |title=Is Religion 'Built Upon Lies'? |publisher=Beliefnet.com |accessdate=9 March 2009}} 82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thestranger.com/2004-06-24/ex6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804191145/http://www.thestranger.com/2004-06-24/ex6.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=4 August 2004 |title=The Stranger, Seattle's Only Newspaper |publisher=Thestranger.com |date=24 June 2004 |accessdate=9 March 2009 }} 83. ^{{cite web |title=The Daily Dish Awards |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/awards.html |author= Andrew Sullivan |work=The Atlantic |date=16 September 2008 |accessdate=17 March 2017 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090305024827/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/awards.html|archivedate= 5 March 2009 |deadurl=yes}} 84. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/21/business/media/21atlantic.html|title=A Venerable Magazine Energizes Its Web Site |work=The New York Times |date=21 January 2008 |accessdate=4 December 2013}} 85. ^{{cite web|url=http://2008.weblogawards.org/ |title=The 2008 Weblog Awards |publisher=The 2008 Weblog Awards |accessdate=11 August 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100808095226/http://2008.weblogawards.org/| archivedate= 8 August 2010 | deadurl= no}} 86. ^{{cite web|last=Cleland |first=Elizabeth |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2011/02/home-news.html |title=Home News|work=The Atlantic |date=1 April 2011 |accessdate=4 December 2013}} 87. ^{{cite web|last=Gillmor|first=Dan|title=Andrew Sullivan plans to serve Daily Dish by subscription|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/03/andrew-sullivan-daily-dish-subscription?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487|work=The Guardian|date=3 January 2013|accessdate=6 January 2013}} 88. ^{{cite web|last=Bell|first=Emily|title=The Daily Dish may feed minds but will Andrew Sullivan taste a profit?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jan/06/daily-dish-andrew-sullivan|work=The Guardian|date=6 January 2013|accessdate=6 January 2013}} 89. ^{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2015/01/28/a-note-to-my-readers/|title=A Note to My Readers}} 90. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/andrew-sullivan-blogger-extraordinaire-decides-that-its-time-to-stop-dishing/2015/01/28/681ad5d2-a72e-11e4-a06b-9df2002b86a0_story.html?tid=hpModule_1f58c93a-8a7a-11e2-98d9-3012c1cd8d1e Andrew Sullivan, blogger extraordinaire, decides that it’s time to stop dishing], The Washington Post, 28 January 2015 91. ^{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2015/02/06/the-years-of-writing-dangerously/|title=The Years of Writing Dangerously|accessdate=22 March 2015|date=6 February 2015|first=Andrew|last=Sullivan|work=The Daily Dish}} 92. ^{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2015/06/26/it-is-accomplished/|title=It Is Accomplished|work=The Dish}} External links{{external media|video1=[https://www.c-span.org/video/?66925-1/virtually-normal Booknotes interview with Sullivan on Virtually Normal, 1 October 1995.] |video2=C-SPAN Q&A interview with Sullivan, 15 October 2006 |video3=In the News with Jeff Greenfield: Andrew Sullivan, 92 St Y, 29 March 2015 }}{{wikiquote}}
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