“Maximilian von Weichs”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Maximilian von Weichs

释义

World War I
World War II
Awards
References

{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix=Reichsfreiherr
|name=Maximilian von Weichs
|image=File:Maximillian_von_Weichs.jpg
|caption=
|birth_date={{birth date|1881|11|12|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1954|9|27|1881|11|12|df=y}}
|birth_place=Dessau, German Empire
|death_place=Bonn, West Germany
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flag|German Empire}}
{{flag|Weimar Republic}}
{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|branch=Army (Wehrmacht)
|serviceyears=
|rank=Field Marshal
|unit=
|commands= 1st Panzer Division
XIII Corps
2nd Army
Army Group B
Army Group F
|battles=World War I
World War II

Battle of France
Operation Barbarossa
Battle of Stalingrad
Belgrade Offensive

|awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
| laterwork =
|signature=
}}

Maximilian Maria Joseph Karl Gabriel Lamoral Reichsfreiherr^[1] von und zu Weichs an der Glon (12 November 1881 – 27 September 1954) was a field marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded several armies and army groups, including the 2nd Army during Operation Barbarossa and Army Group B during the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943.

In 1944, Weichs commanded Army Group F in the Balkans overseeing the German retreat from Greece and most of Yugoslavia. During the Nuremberg Trials, Weichs was implicated in war crimes and was scheduled to take part in the US Army's Hostages Trial. He was removed from the proceeding for medical reasons without having been judged or sentenced.

World War I

Born in 1881 into an aristocratic family, Maximilian von Weichs entered the Bavarian Cavalry in 1900 and participated in World War I as a staff officer. After the war he remained in the newly created Reichswehr where he worked at a number of General Staff positions.

Transferred from the 3rd Cavalry Division to command Germany's 1st Panzer Division upon its formation in October 1935, he led the unit in maneuvers that impressed Army Commander in Chief Werner von Fritsch.{{sfn|Showalter|2009|p=47}} Weichs' aristocratic and cavalry credentials demonstrated the continuing influence of these military elites in Germany's modernizing force.{{sfn|Showalter|2009|p=59}} In October 1937 he became the commander of the 13th Army Corps, that later served in the 1938 German annexation of the Sudetenland.

World War II

For the German invasion of Poland beginning World War II in 1939, Weichs was appointed head of his own Army Corps "Weichs". After the Polish surrender, he was made Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Army, a part of Rundstedt's Army Group A in the West. After the Battle of France, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and promoted to colonel-general. Leading his corps, Weichs later took part in the Balkans Campaign, and in preparation for Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he was assigned to lead the 2nd Army as a part of Fedor von Bock’s Army Group Centre. He led the 2nd Army in 1941 through the Battle of Kiev, the Battle of Smolensk, and then on to Vyazma and Bryansk.

In 1942, for Fall Blau, Weichs was assigned to lead the newly created Army Group B.^[2] Army Group B was composed of Salmuth's 2nd Army, Hoth’s 4th Panzer Army, and Paulus's 6th Army. In addition to the German armies, Army Group B included the 2nd Hungarian Army, 8th Italian Army, the Third and the Fourth Romanian Armies. The 6th Army was assigned to take the city of Stalingrad and cover approximately 800 km of front.

The Soviet Operation Uranus broke through the Romanian armies on his flanks, cutting off the 6th Army inside Stalingrad. Suggesting retreat, Weichs fell out of Hitler’s favor. Consequently, parts of Army Group B were taken away from the command of Weichs and incorporated into a new "Army Group Don", led by Manstein. Later in February, the remaining part merged with the Don Group into a newly reinstated Army Group South, also led by Manstein. Weichs was relieved of command.

Weichs was promoted to Field Marshal on 1 February 1943. In August 1943 Weichs was appointed Commander of Army Group F in the Balkans directing operations against local partisan groups. Since August 1943 Weichs was commander-in-chief in German occupied Yugoslavia, Albania and Thrace whose headquarders were first in Belgrade and since 5 October 1944 in Vukovar.{{sfn|Brett-Smith|1977|p=172|ps= "From August 1943 von Weichs, now a field-marshal, was C-in-C Yugoslavia, Albania, and Thrace, with headquarters first in Belgrade and — from 5 October 1944 — at Vukovar."}} In April 1944 Weichs was appointed to the position of commander of all German troops stationed in Hungary.{{sfn|Wistrich|2002|p=272}}

In late 1944, he oversaw the German retreat from Greece and most of Yugoslavia. Weichs was retired on 25 March 1945 and was arrested by American troops in May. During the Nuremberg Trials, Weichs was said to be implicated in war crimes committed while suppressing the partisans. He was removed from the US Army's Hostages Trial for medical reasons without having been judged or sentenced.

Awards

Iron Cross of 1914 2nd Class (20 September 1914) & 1st Class (12 November 1915)^[3]
Clasp to the Iron Cross of 1939 2nd Class (18 September 1939) & 1st Class (29 September 1939)^[3]
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 29 June 1940 as General der Kavallerie and commander-in-chief of the 2. Armee^[4]
- 731st Oak Leaves on 5 February 1945 as Generalfeldmarschall and commander-in-chief of Heeresgruppe F, at the same time OB Südost (commander-in-chief south east)^[4]
Generaloberst: 1 July 1940; Generalfeldmarschall—1 February 1943

References

Citations

1. ^{{German title Reichsfreiherr}}
2. ^{{Cite book |last=Adam |first=Wilhelm |first2=Otto |last2=Ruhle |translator=Tony Le Tissier |title=With Paulus at Stalingrad |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd. |year=2015 |ISBN=9781473833869 |page=25}}
3. ^¹Thomas 1998, p. 422.
4. ^¹Scherzer 2007, p. 772.

{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}}Bibliography{{refbegin}}

{{cite book

  }} Originally published as: {{cite journal

{{Cite book

|last=Hürter
|first=Johannes
|year=2006
|title=Hitlers Heerführer - Die deutschen Oberbefehlshaber im Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1941/42
|language=German
|location=München, Germany : Oldenbourg
|publisher=Oldenbourg
|isbn=978-3-486-57982-6
}}

{{cite book

| last1 = Megargee
| first1 = Geoffrey P.
| authorlink = Geoffrey P. Megargee
| title = Inside Hitler's High Command
| publisher = Kansas University Press
| year = 2000
| location = Lawrence, Kansas
| isbn = 0-7006-1015-4
|ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book

|last=Scherzer
|first=Veit
|year=2007
|title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives
|trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives
|language=German
|location=Jena, Germany
|publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag
|isbn=978-3-938845-17-2
}}

{{Cite book

|last=Showalter
|first=Dennis E.
|year=2009
|title=Hitler's Panzers: The Lightning Attacks That Revolutionized Warfare
|location=New York
|publisher=Berkley
|isbn=978-0-425-23004-6
}}

{{Cite book

|last=Stahel
|first=David
|authorlink=David Stahel
|year=2015
|title=The Battle for Moscow
|language=
|location=Cambridge, UK
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=978-1-107-08760-6
|ref=harv
}}

{{Cite book

|last=Thomas
|first=Franz
|year=1998
|title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z
|trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z
|language=German
|location=Osnabrück, Germany
|publisher=Biblio-Verlag
|isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9
}}

{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Wistrich|first=Robert S.|title=Who's who in Nazi Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrYwT3eI3wcC&pg=RA1-PA172|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-26038-1}}
{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Brett-Smith|first=Richard|title=Hitler's generals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hm_zAAAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=978-0-89141-044-7}}

{{refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box|

before=none|

after=Generalleutnant Rudolf Schmidt|

title= Commander of 1st Panzer Division|

years=1 October 1935 – 30 September 1937

}}{{succession box|

before=none|

after=Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff|

title= Commander of XIII Army Corps|

years=1 October 1937 – October 1939

}}{{succession box|

before=none|

after=General Hans von Salmuth|

title= Commander of 2nd Army|

years=20 October 1939 – 13 July 1942

}}{{succession box|

before=Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock|

after=Generaloberst Erich von Manstein|

title= Commander of Army Group South|

years=July 1942 – 12 February 1943

}}{{succession box|

before=none|

after=none|

title= Commander of Army Group F (Belgrade)|

years=26 August 1943 – 25 March 1945

}}{{s-end}}{{GFMofWWII}}{{Hostages Trial defendants}}{{People of the Yugoslav Front}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar
| portal1=Biography
| portal2=Military of Germany
| portal3=World War I
| portal4=World War II
| commons=y
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Weichs, Maximilian Reichsfreiherr Von}}

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。