| 词条 | Seathwaite, Allerdale |
| 释义 |
|country = England |coordinates = {{coord|54.496|-3.183|display=inline,title}} |official_name= Seathwaite |population = |civil_parish= Borrowdale |shire_district= Allerdale | shire_county = Cumbria |region= North West England |constituency_westminster= Workington Copeland (after 2009/10) |post_town= KESWICK |postcode_district = CA12 |postcode_area= CA |dial_code= 017687 |os_grid_reference= NY233118 |static_image_name= Stockley Bridge, Seathwaite.jpg |static_image_caption= Stockley Bridge }}Seathwaite is a small hamlet in Borrowdale valley in the Lake District of Cumbria, North West England. It is located {{convert|13|km|0}} southwest of Keswick at the end of a minor road that heads southwest from the hamlet of Seatoller, which is where the B5289 road begins its steep climb up the pass to Honister Hause on the boundary between Borrowdale civil parish and Buttermere civil parish.[1] The nearby Seathwaite Fell takes its name from the hamlet and lies about {{convert|1.8|km|1}} to the south-southwest of it. The name derives from a combination of the Old Norse words sef (sedges) and thveit (clearing) and may be taken to mean "clearing in the sedges". [1]The name, then spelled Seuthwayt, first appeared in written records in 1340. [2]For local government purposes Seathwaite forms part of the civil parish of Borrowdale, the district of Allerdale, and the county of Cumbria. It is within the Workington constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament, and the North West England constituency of the European Parliament.[3] HistoryAlong the nearby Newhouse Gill, which descends from Grey Knotts, is a graphite mine[4][5] which was opened after the discovery of graphite there in 1555.[6] The extracted graphite was eventually used to supply the Derwent Cumberland Pencil Company factory in Keswick. The commercial mining of the unusual solid form of graphite found near the hamlet of Seathwaite ceased around 1891 when veins of the solid graphite became harder to find.[8] In addition, around that time the Keswick pencil factories had switched to making pencil pigments out of the familiar combination of clay powder and graphite powder. Graphite powder could be mined and imported from elsewhere.[7] The mine entrance is north-northwest of the hamlet at {{coord|54|30|18.01|N|3|11|13.01|W|type:landmark}}.[4][5] For many years Seathwaite was a secluded spot, being connected to the main road at Seatoller by a rough track. However the emergence of fellwalking as an outdoor activity at the end of the 19th century led to the hamlet becoming a popular starting point for walkers bound for the surrounding mountains. The road was eventually surfaced, which led to motorists parking their cars along the verges on the approach to the farm. Seathwaite has become one of the most popular starting points for walking in the UK since it gives access to well-known mountains such as Scafell Pike, Great Gable and Glaramara. Famed Lakeland walker Alfred Wainwright made this comment: {{cquote|Seathwaite, once in a little world of its own with few visitors, has become a pedestrian metropolis. Great days on the fells begin and end here.[8]}}ClimateSeathwaite is the wettest inhabited place in England and receives around {{convert|3552|mm|0}} of rain per year.[9][10] In September 1966 five inches of rain fell on Seathwaite and the surrounding fells in an hour, the resulting flood severely damaging the nearby Stockley Bridge, which lies 1200 metres south of the hamlet. Stockley Bridge is an ancient packhorse bridge on the old route between Borrowdale and the Cumbrian coast. The bridge was widened in 1887 and had to be repaired after the 1966 storm.[11] On 19–20 November 2009 Seathwaite received {{convert|314.4|mm}} of rain in a 24-hour period, a major contributor to the 2009 Cumbria and southwest Scotland floods. This was a record for the amount of rain falling anywhere in the UK within 24 hours, until it was beaten in December 2015.[12][13][14][15] See also{{portal|Cumbria}}
Notes and references{{commons category}}1. ^{{cite web |url = http://web.ukonline.co.uk/sw.rae/ |author = Stuart Rae (cites book by Robert Gambles) |title = Lake District Walks and Photos |accessdate = 30 May 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080504230129/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/sw.rae/ |archivedate = 4 May 2008 |df = dmy-all}} {{Cumbria}}2. ^{{cite book|title=Lake District Place-names|last=Gambles|first=Robert|year=1985|edition=2|pages=64|publisher=Dalesman|location=Yorkshire|isbn=0-85206-814-X}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.election-maps.co.uk/electmaps.jsf | title = Election Maps | publisher = Ordnance Survey | accessdate = 3 January 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.geog.port.ac.uk/webmap/thelakes/html/lgaz/lk00976.htm|title=Old Cumbria Gazetteer, black lead mine, Seathwaite|year=2008|author=Martin and Jean Norgate, Geography Department, Portsmouth University|accessdate=19 May 2008}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|title=A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, Western Fells|author=Alfred Wainwright|year=2005|isbn=0-7112-2460-9}} 6. ^{{cite web|author1=Ann Bowker |author2=Julian Thurgood |author3=Dave Newton |last-author-amp=yes |url=http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Cumbria_Countryside/Dales/Borrowdale/Borrowdale.php|title=Borrowdale Cumbria and the Lake District.|accessdate=24 May 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080321184807/http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Cumbria_Countryside/Dales/Borrowdale/Borrowdale.php |archivedate = 21 March 2008}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.cumbria-industries.org.uk/wad.htm|title=Industries of Cumbria – Wad|accessdate=24 May 2008}} 8. ^"Wainwright in the Valleys of Lakeland", Alfred Wainwright, {{ISBN|0-7181-3481-8}} Page 192 Gives information on fellwalking and quote from Wainwright. 9. ^1 The nearby uninhabited Sty Head Tarn receives {{convert|4369|mm|0}} of rain per year. {{cite web|url=http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/Seathwaite_(Borrowdale)/Seathwaite_(Borrowdale).php|title=Seathwaite (Borrowdale) Cumbria the Lake District.|author=Ann Bowker|accessdate=24 May 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080409095107/http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/Seathwaite_(Borrowdale)/Seathwaite_(Borrowdale).php |archivedate = 9 April 2008}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lake-district.gov.uk/index/understanding/facts_and_figures.htm|title=Lake District National Park Authority – Facts and figures|accessdate=24 May 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622161501/http://www.lake-district.gov.uk/index/understanding/facts_and_figures.htm|archivedate=22 June 2008|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^www.waymarking.com Gives details of Stockley Bridge. 12. ^http://www.itv.com/news/border/2015-12-07/storm-desmond-breaks-uk-rainfall-record/ 13. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/25/weather-snow-warning-as-arctic-blast-blows-in/|title=UK weather: Snow warning as Arctic blast blows in|work=Daily Telegraph|date=25 April 2016 |accessdate=25 April 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/2009/pr20091120.html |title=Recent heavy rain over north-west Britain |author=Met Office |date=20 November 2009 |work=News Archive |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=21 November 2009}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/113477.aspx? |title=Environment chiefs visit flood-hit Cumbria |author=Environment Agency |date=20 November 2009 |work=News, November 2009 |publisher=Environment Agency |accessdate=21 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123093157/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/113477.aspx |archivedate=23 November 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 1 : Hamlets in Cumbria |
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