“Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra was an amateur and, for one season, a professional orchestra which held its first concert on April 24, 1921, and held its last concert on May 4, 1924. It was founded and directed by Mary Davenport Engberg.

Mary Davenport Engberg intended the orchestra to be a vehicle for "the schooling of instrumentalists in orchestral routine" for "developing orchestra players for the Seattle Symphony Orchestra from the ranks of local students" and modeled on the relationship of the Civic Orchestra of Chicago to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra as a training orchestra for the Seattle Symphony Orchestra.^[1]^[2]^[3] The Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra made its debut two months after the professional Seattle Symphony Orchestra's final concert of the 1920-21 season on February 15, 1921.^[4] The Seattle Symphony Orchestra subsequently suffered financial problems. Over five months after the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra's first concert, the Seattle Symphony board announced that the Seattle Symphony's 1921-2 season was cancelled.^[5] The Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra continued as a separate artistic venue, and its personnel initially contained only one musician belonging to the Seattle Symphony Orchestra listed with his first and last name reversed and no longer listed the following year.^[6] Unlike the professional Seattle Symphony Orchestra, the personnel of the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra received no compensation.^[7]

After three successful seasons, Mary Davenport Engberg announced her intention to transform the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra into a union orchestra in which the players were compensated.^[8] Compensation was apparently $8.00 per session.^[9] The orchestra thereafter boasted "21 musicians who played formerly in the Seattle Symphony Orchestra during its existence" out of a total of 62.^[10] Despite such a large representation of players, this statement implies that the Seattle Symphony Orchestra was still defunct. The Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra was nevertheless able to attract violinist Efrem Zimbalist, Sr. to solo with the orchestra for its concert on November 25, 1923, and pianist Ossip Gabrilowitsch for its concert on May 4, 1924, both at the Metropolitan Theater.^[11] Despite these artistic successes, the May 4, 1924 concert marked the final appearance of the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra, apparently due to financial problems.^[12] The Seattle Symphony Orchestra was revived in 1926 under the direction of Karl Krueger after a five-year hiatus.^[13]

Despite subsequent embellishments that Mary Davenport Engberg was the Seattle Symphony Orchestra's first female conductor,^[14]^[15] she in fact was never the director of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra.

References

1. ^Everhardt Armstrong, "Music and Musicians," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 24 April 1921
2. ^Seattle Musicians Association, Local 76 American Federation of Musicians, Minutes, Meeting of the Board of Directors, 23 March 1921.
3. ^Esther Campbell, Bagpipes in the Woodwind Section: A History of the Seattle Symphony and its Women's Association, (Seattle: Seattle Symphony Women's Association, 1978), p. 14.
4. ^Everhardt Armstrong, "Orchestra Ends 1920-21 Season," Seattle Post Intelligencer, 16 February 1921.
5. ^"No Symphony This Season," Seattle Times, 9 October 1921, p. 21.
6. ^Seattle Symphony Orchestra, Program, 15 February 1921. Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra, Program, 24 April 1921, 1922-3.
7. ^Seattle Musicians Association, Minutes, Meeting of the Board of Directors, 5 April 1921.
8. ^Seattle Musicians Association, Minutes, Meeting of the Board of Directors, 21 August 1923.
9. ^Seattle Musicians Association, Minutes, Meeting of the Board of Directors, 13 May 1924.
10. ^Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra, Program, 16 March 1924.
11. ^Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra, Program, 25 November 1923, 4 May 1924.
12. ^Seattle Musicians Association, Minutes, Meeting of the Board of Directors, 1 April 1924, 23 April 1924, 6 May 1924.
13. ^"The Musician and the Playgoer," Town Crier, 13 November 1926, p. 11.
14. ^{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2011906470_symphonywomen23.html | title=In the conducting world, where are all the 'chicks with sticks?' | work=Seattle Times | author=Melinda Bargreen | date=2010-05-22 | accessdate=2011-08-31}}
15. ^{{cite news|work=Seattle Times|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2003961111_durstobit19.html|title=Obituary: Norma Durst — Teacher, violist with Symphony, 83|accessdate=2008-03-10|date=2007-10-23}}