| 词条 | Max Robinson |
| 释义 |
|name=Max Robinson |image= MaxRobinson.gif |imagesize=200px |alt= |caption=Robinson on ABC World News Tonight, 1979. |birthname=Maxie Cleveland Robinson, Jr.[1] |birth_date={{birth date|1939|5|1}}[2][2] |birth_place=Richmond, Virginia, U.S. |spouse = {{marriage|Eleanor Booker |1963|1968|reason=div.}} {{marriage|Hazel O'Leary |1974|1975|reason={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}} {{marriage|Beverly Hamilton |1977|1985|reason=div.}} |death_date={{death date and age|1988|12|20|1939|5|1}}[3][5][6] |children = 4 |death_place=Washington, D.C., U.S. or Blue Island, Illinois, U.S.[4] (sources differ) | death_cause = Complications from AIDS[5][6] |education=Indiana University Oberlin College Virginia Union University |occupation=Television journalist |years_active=1959–1985[6] |credits= First African–American broadcast news anchor, ABC World News Tonight.[4] | family = Randall Robinson (brother) }}Maxie Cleveland "Max" Robinson, Jr.[1] (May 1, 1939[6][2] – December 20, 1988)[3][5] was an American broadcast journalist, most notably serving as co-anchor on ABC World News Tonight alongside Frank Reynolds and Peter Jennings from 1978 until 1983.[6][4] Robinson is noted as the first African-American broadcast network news anchor in the United States.[3][1][7] Robinson was a founder of the National Association of Black Journalists.[8] BiographyEarly life and educationRobinson was born the second of four children (his siblings were his sister Jewell, who became a teacher; his brother Randall, a Harvard-educated lawyer; and his sister Jean, a publicist)[9] to Maxie, a teacher[6] and Doris Robinson in Richmond, Virginia.[1] The schools in Richmond were still segregated when he attended them [10]; after graduating from Armstrong High School, Robinson attended Oberlin College,[1] where he was freshman class president; however, he only stayed there for a year and a half and did not graduate. [11] Robinson briefly served in the United States Air Force and was assigned to the Russian Language School at Indiana University before receiving a medical discharge. He began working in radio early on, including a short time at WSSV-AM in Petersburg, Virginia, where he called himself "Max The Player," and later at WANT-AM, Richmond. CareerRobinson began his television career in 1959, when he was hired for a news job at WTOV-TV in Portsmouth, Virginia.[2] Robinson had to read the news while hidden behind a slide of the station's logo. One night, Robinson had the slide removed, and was fired the next day.[12] He later went to WRC-TV in Washington, DC, and stayed for three years, winning six journalism awards for coverage of civil-rights events such as the riots that followed the 1968 assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. It was during this time that Robinson won two regional Emmys for a documentary he made on black life in Anacostia entitled The Other Washington. In 1969, Robinson joined the Eyewitness News team at WTOP-TV (now WUSA-TV) in Washington, D.C..[6] Robinson was teamed with anchor Gordon Peterson, becoming the first African-American anchor on a local television news program, and the newscast took off. During that time, he was so well-liked by viewers that when Hanafi Muslims took hostages at the B'nai B'rith building in Washington they would speak only with Robinson. ABC News and World News TonightIn 1978, when Roone Arledge was looking to revamp ABC News' nightly news broadcast into World News Tonight, he remembered Robinson from a 60 Minutes interview, and hired him to be a part of his new three-anchor format. Robinson would anchor national news from Chicago, while Peter Jennings would anchor international news in London and Frank Reynolds would be the main anchor from Washington. Robinson thus became the first black man to anchor a nightly network news broadcast. The three-man co-anchor team was a ratings success, and launched spoofs regarding how the three would pitch stories to each other during the telecast by saying the other's name: "Frank"..."Max"...."Peter," etc. Robinson's ABC tenure was marked by conflicts between himself and the management of ABC News over viewpoints and the portrayal of Black America in the news. In addition, he was known by his co-workers to show up late for work or sometimes not show up at all, along with his moods, and his use of alcohol escalated. In addition, Robinson was known to fight racism at any turn and often felt unworthy of the admiration he received and was not pleased with what he had accomplished. Together with Bob Strickland, Robinson established a program for mentoring young black broadcast journalists.[13] During most of Robinson's tenure, ABC News used the Westar satellite to feed Robinson's segment of WNT from Chicago to New York. TVRO receiver earth stations were also coming into use at the time, and anyone who knew where to find the satellite feeds could view the feed. On the live feed, Robinson could be seen to have a drink or two, but never during the actual aired segment, which led some bars around the country to even have drink specials during the nearly 90 minutes, and inviting patrons to come in and see the "Max 'R'" feed. ABC eventually caught on to what was happening, and even resorted to hide what was going on by supering a slide with the words "ABC News Chicago" on the screen during the live feed during times that Robinson was not live over the actual WNT broadcast. In addition, Robinson could often be seen being harsh towards those who worked around him during the live feed.[14] Reynolds died in 1983, and shortly afterward Jennings was named sole anchor of World News Tonight. Robinson was relegated to the weekend anchor post, as well as reading hourly news briefs. He left ABC in 1983, and joined WMAQ-TV in Chicago in March 1984; he was the station's first black anchor. But his tenure with the station was rocky, and he had conflicts with some of his colleagues. He was also frequently absent. [15] Robinson retired in 1985.[6] Personal lifeMarriagesRobinson was married three times. Two ended in divorce, one in annulment. His first marriage was to Eleanor Booker from 1963 to 1968 and they had three children: Mark, Maureen and Michael. His second marriage was to Hazel O'Leary from 1974 to 1975. Robinson's final marriage was to Beverly Hamilton from 1977 to 1986, with whom he had another son, Malik. Robinson was the older brother of Randall Robinson. Health and deathRobinson was found to have AIDS while he was hospitalized for pneumonia in Illinois; but he kept it a secret, refusing to discuss it, despite widespread rumors about why his health was deteriorating.[7] In the fall of 1988, Robinson was in Washington to deliver a speech at Howard University's School of Communications when he became increasingly ill. Robinson checked himself into Howard University Hospital or a hospital in Blue Island, Illinois[4] (sources differ) where he died of complications due to AIDS on December 20, 1988.[5][16] He had asked that his family reveal that he had AIDS so that, according to the new reports, “Others in the black community would be alerted to the dangers and the need for treatment and education.”[17] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Robinson |title= Max Robinson |author= |date= |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |publisher= |access-date=February 2, 2018 |quote=}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.blackpast.org/aah/robinson-max-1939-1988 |title=Max Robinson (1939–1988) |last=Watson |first= Elwood |date= |website=blackpast.org |publisher= |access-date=February 2, 2018 |quote=}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/21/obituaries/max-robinson-49-first-black-to-anchor-network-news-dies.html |title=Max Robinson, 49, First Black To Anchor Network News, Dies |first=Jeremy |last=Gerald|date=December 21, 1988 |website=The New York Times.com |publisher= The New York Times |access-date=February 1, 2018 |quote=}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-05-18/features/8902010808_1_max-robinson-melancholy-descent-fragile-flower |title=Max Robinson: Fallen Star (`He`d Seemed Special And Strong -and He Had Destroyed Himself. Why?)|first=James |last=Warren |date=May 18, 1989 |website= |work= Chicago Tribune|access-date=February 2, 2018 |quote=}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-12-22/news/vw-889_1_max-robinson |title=Max Robinson's Silent Struggle With AIDS |first=Betty |last= Cuniberti|date=December 22, 1988|website=|newspaper=LA Times |access-date=February 1, 2018 |quote=}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/21/fashion/max-robinson-a-largely-forgotten-trailblazer-for-black-anchors.html |title=Max Robinson, a Largely Forgotten Trailblazer for Black Anchors |first= Laura M. |last= Holson|date=June 19, 2015 |website=Nytimes.com |publisher= The New York Times |access-date=February 1, 2018 |quote=}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/05/26/the-rise-and-dizzying-fall-of-max-robinson/61e675fb-a15b-4572-82f9-3f985a33cbab/ |title=The Rise, and Dizzying Fall, of Max Robinson|first=Carla|last= Hall |date=May 26, 1988 |website= |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=February 1, 2018 |quote=}} 8. ^NABJ Founders. 9. ^Jamison, Harold L., "Max Robinson, Pioneer Anchorman, Dies at 49", (New York) Amsterdam News, December 24, 1988, p. 3. 10. ^"Pioneer News Anchor Dead." (Newport News VA) Daily Press, December 21, 1988, p. 4. 11. ^Ziegler, Dhyana, "Max Robinson, Jr.: Turbulent Life of a Media Prophet." Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 20, No. 1 (September 1989), p. 98. 12. ^Matusow, Barbara, The Evening Stars / The Making of the Network News Anchor, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1983, p. 242. 13. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/03/AR2008100303310.html | title=TV Reporter Bob Strickland; Covered Barry Arrest, Riots | first=Patricia | last=Sullivan | date=October 4, 2008 | page=B6 | accessdate=October 6, 2008 | work=The Washington Post}} 14. ^{{cite book | last=Cooper | first=Robert B., Jr | coauthors= | title=Television's Pirates: Hiding Behind Your Picture Tube | edition= | location=Mangonui, Far North New Zealand | publisher=Far North Cablevision, Ltd | year=2006 | isbn=0-9777980-2-X}} 15. ^Daley, Steve, "Max Robinson, 1st Black to Anchor Network News." Chicago Tribune, December 21, 1988, p. 14. 16. ^{{cite news | first=Betty|last=Cuniberti | title=Max Robinson's Silent Struggle With AIDS | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-12-22/news/vw-889_1_max-robinson | work=LA Times | date=December 22, 1988 | accessdate=November 21, 2018}} 17. ^{{cite news |last1=Rosenzweig |first1=Leah |title=Cause of Death: Uncovering the hidden history of AIDS on the New York Times obituary page |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2018/11/aids-new-york-times-obituary-history.html |accessdate=1 December 2018 |publisher=Slate.com |date=30 November 2018}} 6.^Grogan, David, "Spilling Secrets." People Magazine. January 31, 1994:4.Print. External links{{Portal|Biography}}
with Frank Reynolds and Peter Jennings}}{{s-aft | after = Peter Jennings}}{{s-end}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Robinson, Max}} 21 : 1939 births|1988 deaths|ABC News personalities|African-American journalists|African-American television personalities|African-American writers|American writers|AIDS-related deaths in Washington, D.C.|American broadcast news analysts|American television news anchors|Television anchors from Chicago|Emmy Award winners|Indiana University alumni|Oberlin College alumni|People from Richmond, Virginia|College of William & Mary faculty|University of the District of Columbia people|Virginia Union University alumni|Television anchors from Washington, D.C.|Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery|American male journalists |
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