| 词条 | Second work of grace |
| 释义 |
According to some Christian traditions, a second work of grace is a transforming interaction with God which may occur in the life of an individual Christian. The defining characteristics of this event are that it is separate from and subsequent to salvation (the first work of grace), and that it brings about significant changes in the life of the believer. Methodist and Holiness Christianity{{Main|Christian perfection}}John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist movement, taught that there were two distinct phases in the Christian experience.[1] In the first work of grace, the new birth, the believer received forgiveness and became a Christian.[2] During the second work of grace, sanctification, the believer was purified and made holy.[2] Wesley taught both that sanctification could be an instantaneous experience,[3] and that it could be a gradual process.[4][5]After Wesley's death, mainstream Methodism "emphasized sanctification or holiness as the goal of the Christian life",[6] something that "may be received in this life both gradually and instantaneously, and should be sought earnestly by every child of God."[7] The Holiness Movement emerged in the 1860s in the USA with the desire to re-emphasize Wesley's sanctification doctrine.[8] Holiness preachers taught that sanctification was an instantaneous experience. In the Holiness movement, the second work of grace is considered to be a cleansing from the tendency to commit sin, an experience called entire sanctification which leads to Christian perfection. The Core Values of the Bible Methodist Connection of Churches thus teaches that:[9] {{quotation|We believe that God calls every believer to holiness that rises out of His character. We understand it to begin in the new birth, include a second work of grace that empowers, purifies and fills each person with the Holy Spirit, and continue in a lifelong pursuit. ―Core Values, Bible Methodist Connection of Churches[9]}}Reflecting this, they have emphasized Wesley's doctrine of outward holiness, which includes practices such as the wearing of modest clothing and not using profanity in speech.[10] PentecostalismPentecostalism was born out of the Holiness Movement.[8] Charles Fox Parham and William Seymour were both Holiness Ministers and were seen by their followers as being used by God to restore Pentecost to the Church. Pentecostalism teaches that the believer could, in addition to becoming sanctified, receive power from God and the Gifts of the Holy Spirit. In early Pentecostal thought, and the classic form of Pentecostalism influenced by Wesleyan-Arminian theology, this was considered the third work of grace that followed the new birth (first work of grace) and entire sanctification (second work of grace).[11][12] Pentecostals who believe in the doctrine of Finished Work, however, reject the second work of grace to mean entire sanctification.[13] See also{{Portal|Methodism|Evangelical Christianity}}
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Synan|first=Vinson|title=The Holiness-Pentecostal tradition: Charismatic movements in the twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-npoRWoZuUC&pg=PA152|accessdate=5 March 2011|year=1997|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-4103-2|pages=6–7}} {{Methodism footer}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Stokes|first=Mack B.|title=Major United Methodist Beliefs|year=1998|publisher=Abingdon Press|language=English|isbn=9780687082124|page=95}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Alexander|first1=Donald L.|last2=Ferguson|first2=Sinclair B.|title=Christian spirituality: five views of sanctification|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BZR0c9Uw2K8C&pg=PA97|accessdate=5 March 2011|date=1988|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1278-3|page=97}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Harold|title=Following the Cloud: A Vision of the Convergence of Science and the Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvd5DJ3ibVkC&pg=PA86|accessdate=5 March 2011|date=2006-09-21|publisher=Harold Curtis|isbn=978-1-4196-4571-6|page=86}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Southey|first=Robert|title=The life of Wesley: and the rise and progress of Methodism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJwGAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA80|accessdate=5 March 2011|year=1820|publisher=Evert Duyckinck and George Long; Clayton & Kingsland, printers|page=80}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Scott J.|last2=Ough|first2=Bruce|title=The Future of the United Methodist Church|date=1 May 2010|publisher=Abingdon Press|isbn=9781426730092|page=50|quote=United Methodist doctrine has always emphasized sanctification or holiness as the goal of the Christian life.}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Stokes|first=Mack B.|title=Major United Methodist beliefs|year=1989|publisher=Abingdon Press|isbn=9780687229246|page=92|quote=We are reminded in that same Article that sanctification "may be received in this life both gradually and instantaneously, and should be sought earnestly by every child of God."}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|last=Archer|first=Kenneth J.|title=A Pentecostal hermeneutic for the twenty-first century: spirit, scripture and community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXZ8UX1R9p4C&pg=PA15|accessdate=10 December 2016|date=2004-12-30|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-567-08367-8|page=15}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.biblemethodist.org/about-us/core-values/|title=Core Values|publisher=Bible Methodist Connection of Churches|language=English|accessdate=29 May 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.seedbed.com/getting-it-right-christian-perfection-and-wesleys-purposeful-list/|title=Getting It Right: Christian Perfection and Wesley's Purposeful List|last=Headley|first=Anthony J.|date=4 October 2013|publisher=Seedbed|language=English|accessdate=29 May 2018}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=The West Tennessee Historical Society Papers - Issue 56 |year=2002|publisher=West Tennessee Historical Society.|language=English|page=41|quote=Seymour's holiness background suggests that Pentecostalism had roots in the holiness movement of the late nineteenth century. The holiness movement embraced the Wesleyan doctrine of "sanctification" or the second work of grace, subsequent to conversion. Pentecostalism added a third work of grace, called the baptism of the Holy Ghost, which is often accompanied by glossolalia.}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity|year=1999|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|language=English|isbn=9789004116955|page=415|quote=While in Houston, Texas, where he had moved his headquarters, Parham came into contact with William Seymour (1870-1922), an African-American Baptist-Holiness preacher. Seymour took from Parham the teaching that the baptism of the Holy Spirit was not the blessing of sanctification but rather a third work of grace that was accompanied by the experience of tongues.}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Allan Heaton|title=An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity|date=24 October 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|language=English|isbn=9781107470699|page=183}} 3 : Methodism|Holiness movement|Christian terminology |
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