词条 | Secunda (Hexapla) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The Secunda is the second column of Origen's Hexapla, a compilation of the Hebrew Bible and Greek versions.[1] It consists of a transliteration of the Hebrew text of the Hebrew Bible into Greek characters, and is the oldest coherent Hebrew text in existence.[2] As such it serves as an important document for Hebrew philology, in particular the study of Biblical Hebrew phonology. AuthorshipThere is contention as to whether the Secunda was written by Origen, a contemporary, or was a copy of a preexisting older text.[2] Some suppose that Origen wrote the text himself, perhaps with Jewish helpers.[2] Others suppose that the Secunda was a preexisting text, added into the Hexapla as an aid for the reader.[2] There is evidence that Jews of the time made use of transcriptions; for instance a passage in the Jerusalem Talmud describing how the Jews of Caesarea would misread the tetragrammaton as the graphically similar <πιπι>, suggesting the use of transcribed texts with the tetragrammaton preserved in Hebrew characters.[3] There is also phonetic evidence for the Secunda being a preexisting text. By the time of Origen <η αι> were pronounced [iː ɛː], a merger which had already begun around 100 BCE, while in the Secunda they are used to represent Hebrew /eː aj/.[3] OrthographyThe text of the Secunda uses various Greek diacritics: A diaeresis is used on the character iota (<ι> to <ϊ>) precisely when iota occurs after a vowel, except when <ει> indicates /iː/.[4] This is completely independent of whether the segment is consonantal or vocalic in Hebrew, as the following examples attest:[4] <αλαϊ> = Tiberian /ʕaːlaj/ <φεδιων> = Tiberian /piðjoːn/ The diaeresis was a later addition of the 8th or 9th century to the Secunda.[4] The use of rough and smooth breathing signs does not follow an obvious pattern; for example, compare <ἀμιμ> = Tiberian /ʕamːiːm/ versus <ἁφαρ> = Tiberian /ʕaːfaːr/.[5] These signs were also an addition of the 8th or 9th century.[5] The use of accents in the Secunda does not correspond with stress in Masoretic Hebrew; their presence remains a puzzle.[6]
References1. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|pp=11–12}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|pp=13}} 3. ^1 {{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|p=14}} 4. ^1 2 {{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|pp=38–39}} 5. ^1 {{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|pp=39–40}} 6. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|pp=40}} 7. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Janssens|1982|p=54}} Bibliography
External links
5 : 3rd-century Christian texts|Lost religious texts|Early versions of the Bible|Works by Origen|Christian terminology |
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