词条 | Sedma | ||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| title = Sedma | subtitle = A point-trick game in which tricks are won by matching cards | image = File:Sto cenzr.jpg | caption = The Nine, Ten, Unter, Ober and King of Acorns from a Bohemian pack | alt_names = | type = Trick-taking | players = 2 or 2×2 | play = | num_cards = 32 | deck = German-suited, Bohemian-pattern cards | origin = Bohemia | playing_time = 25 min. | random_chance = Medium | skills = Strategy | related=Ristikontra, Hola, Lusti-Kartl'n, Sedmice, Șeptică, Zsíros }} Sedma is a Czech 4-card trick-and-draw game played by four players in fixed partnerships with a 32-card Bohemian-pattern pack. Card suits do not play a role in this game, and there is no ranking order. A trick is won by the last player to play a card of the same rank as the card led. The card game gives its name to the 'Sedma group' which includes closely related games such as the Finnish Ristikontra, the Yugoslavian Sedmice, the Romanian Șeptică, the Hungarian Zsírozás (also Zsíros or Zsír), the Bavarian Lusti-Kartl'n, the German Schmierer and the possibly Polish Hola. These games have been described as highly unusual members of the Ace-Ten family, found only in Central and Eastern Europe.[1]{{rp|268}} Basic four-player rules
Every player is dealt 4 cards. The remaining cards form a stock from which the players fill up their hands while it lasts.[4]{{rp|99}}[5] Eldest hand leads any card to the first trick. The remaining players are completely free in which card to play to the trick. The last player to play a card of the same rank as the card led wins the trick, is the first to replenish his or her cards from the stock, and leads to the next trick.[2]{{rp|257ff}}[3]{{rp|321}}[4]{{rp|99}}[5] The sevens function as wild cards, i.e. they replace they assume the rank of the first card in the trick. However, if a seven is led to a trick, it just represents a seven.[2]{{rp|257}}[4]{{rp|99}}[5] Variations
HolaThis game is very similar to Sedma, but like its more distant relative Ristikontra it is played with a full deck of 52 French-suited cards. In addition to the sevens, the twos are also wild cards. The multi-trick system is different. The player who led to a trick may always decide to 'fight' by leading to a new trick while the old one is still in the middle of the table. In this case the trick is kept in abeyance. This can be repeated until the players have no cards left. The new trick is won by matching the newly led card, but the winner also collects all the previous tricks that were held in abeyance.[2]{{rp|258}}[3]{{rp|179ff}}[4]{{rp|101}}[6] Each party simply scores the number of points they won, with a bonus of 80 points for hola (naked) if a party won all tricks. If dealer's party scored the majority of points (50 or more), dealer deals again. Otherwise deal passes to the next player. The game is played for 200–500 points.[2]{{rp|258}}[3]{{rp|179ff}}[4]{{rp|101}}[6] For this game also some variations have been described.
HistoryHola is Polish and Ukrainian for naked. The game of this name is played among Ukrainian Canadians, but is believed to be of Polish origin. It has been estimated to date from around the middle of the 20th century, slightly earlier than Sedma.[4]{{rp|31}} Sedma and Șeptică are Czech and Romanian for seven and little seven, respectively (referring to the wild cards), and zsírozás is Hungarian for to fatten (referring to the play of aces or tens into tricks). This game may have originated in Hungary or Poland and found its way to Czechoslovakia in the middle of the 20th century[4]{{rp|31}} or it may have come from Russia.[7] It quickly became one of the most popular games in the country, together with the Crazy Eights variant Prší and a game called Žolík{{Clarify|date=April 2011}}. See also
References1. ^{{Citation|last=Parlett|first=David|title=The Oxford guide to card games: a historical survey|year=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-214165-1}}. {{Trick-taking card games}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Citation|last=Parlett|first=David|title=The Penguin Book of Card Games|year=2008|edition=3rd|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-103787-5}}. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Citation|last=Parlett|first=David|title=The A–Z of card games|year=2004|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-860870-7}}. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{Citation|last1=Kastner|first1=Hugo|last2=Folkvord|first2=Gerald K.|title=Die große Humboldt Enzyklopädie der Kartenspiele|publisher=Humboldt Verlag|isbn=978-3-89994-058-9|year=2005}}. 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{pagat|Zsírozás|sedma/zsirozas.html}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{pagat|Hola|sedma/hola.html}}. 7. ^The Game of Tarot, Michael Dummet, p. 218, London 1980 6 : 20th-century card games|Sedma group|Czech card games|Four-player card games|Year of introduction missing|Two-player card games |
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