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词条 Selex ES Falco
释义

  1. Development

  2. Design

  3. Operators

  4. Operational history

  5. Specifications (Falco)

  6. See also

  7. External links

  8. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2013}}
name= Falco UAVimage= Salon du Bourget 20090619 227.jpgcaption= Falco UAV from Selex ES

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type= Unmanned Aerial Vehiclenational origin= Italydesigner= Galileo Avionicamanufacturer= Leonardo
Leonardo-Finmeccanica (since 2016)
Selex ES		first flight= December 2003 [1]introduction=2009 [2]retired= status= primary user= Royal Saudi Air Forcemore users=produced= number built= ~50 production aircraft [3]program cost= unit cost=developed from =variants with their own articles =
}}

The Falco (English: hawk) is a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed and produced by Selex ES (now Leonardo formerly Leonardo-Finmeccanica and Finmeccanica, originally by Galileo Avionica of Italy). The UAV is designed to be a medium-altitude, medium-endurance surveillance platform [1] capable of carrying a range of payloads, including several types of high resolution sensors. A larger variant, the Falco EVO,[4] is capable of carrying larger payloads is also available. Neither system is designed to carry weapons, The launch customer, Pakistan, reportedly wanted the Falco armed, a request that Italy rejected.[5]

Development

  • The Falco UAV's maiden flight took place in December 2003 and Galileo Avionica had completed platform qualification in late October 2004. Over 40 hours of flight-testing had been completed by then at the Salto di Quirra test range in Sardinia. Validation of flight controls had been completed in September 2004. Testing of the onboard systems was planned to be started in early 2005 and integration of the electro-optical sensor suite planned for July 2005. Radar installation was scheduled to begin in 2006.[1]
  • In January 2007 it was reported that Galileo Avionica had finished factory acceptance tests and was ready to deliver the first production Falco UAV System to its launch customer, then believed to be Pakistan. The production version of the Falco UAV used a modified powerplant developing 80 hp (60 kW), supplied by UAV Engines.[6]
  • In March 2009 it was reported that a modified version named Falco Evo, evo meaning evolution, was being offered. It features larger tail booms and wings which almost double wingspan to 12.5 m and increase payload from 70 kg to 100 kg. The Falco Evo's first flight was expected to take place by mid-2010.[3]
  • At the time Selex ES officials refused to identify the customer, but it was known that Pakistan had ordered 5 systems, including a total of 25 Falco UAVs with spare flight units and ground control stations (GCS). Two systems were in service by March 2009, two more had been delivered and the final assembly of the last system was being undertaken in Pakistan.[3]
  • In August 2009 it was reported that the Falco UAV had completed flight-tests while being launched by a catapult launch system, the Robonic MC2555LLR pneumatic launcher.[7] Pakistan started manufacturing the Falco UAV at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), Kamra[8]
  • Around September 2009 the first flight of a Falco UAV carrying a high resolution AESA synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor payload, called PicoSAR, was made.[9]
  • SELEX Galileo, now Selex ES, announced on 23 July 2012 that the Falcon Evo had successfully completed its 40-minute maiden flight from Cheshnegirovo air base in Bulgaria.[10]
  • In August 2013, the Selex ES Falco was chosen by United Nations to be deployed in the Democratic Republic of Congo to monitor movements of armed groups in the region and to protect the civilian population more effectively.[11]
  • In September 2013, Selex ES has announced a deal worth over 40 million Euros (US $52 million) to sell its Falco UAV to an unnamed Middle Eastern country [12]

Design

The Falco UAV System comprises:[13]

  • Ground Control Station (GCS)
  • Ground Data Terminal (GDT)
  • Ground Support Equipment (GSE)
  • 4 Falco UAVs housing payloads specified by the user

The Falco UAV is {{convert|17|ft|m}} long, {{convert|6|ft|m}} high, has a {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=on}} wingspan and a top speed of {{convert|134|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. A maximum altitude of around {{convert|16400|ft|m}} and endurance of up to 14 hours can be attained.[18][14] As well as providing the Falco air vehicle, Selex ES offers a range of sensors, including EOST 46 electro-optical/infrared turret, Gabbiano 20 multi-mode surveillance radar and the PicoSAR radar. The latter is a compact, active "e-scan" radar providing synthetic aperture radar imagery and ground moving target indication. When used in conjunction with change detection software, the PicoSAR can be a powerful counter-IED tool. The Falco can also carry the SAGE electronic warfare suite for accurate direction-finding, classification and geo-location of emitters.[15]

The Falco EVO System has a payload capacity of up to 100 kg and an extended endurance of up to 18 hours.

Operators

Falco is the only tactical UAS entirely developed in Europe to have been exported and used in operations.[16] Elbit of Israel has also ordered the Selex ES Gabbiano radar for the Hermes 450 and 900 UAVs, for long-range surveillance cover over land or sea, with applications including synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse SAR imagery modes.[17] Selex ES has not commented on operators but the Falco has been reported as being acquired by the following countries:

{{LBY}}
  • In July 2009 according to the French research agency ADIT a deal for a sale of Falco UAVs was awaiting Italian government approval.[18][19]
{{JOR}}
  • In November 2009 the Jordanian Armed Forces awarded a contract to SELEX Galileo to develop indigenous UAV technologies and electro-optic sensors for Jordan special operations forces based on the company's Falco tactical unmanned aerial system (TUAS).[20]
{{PAK}}
  • According to Flightglobal.com, in January 2007 Pakistan became the first Falco export customer.[21]
{{SAU}}
  • On 13 July 2012 ainonline.com reported a new sale for the Falco, bringing the number of export customers to four, and that more than 50 air vehicles were operational at the time.[15]
{{TKM}}
  • 3 Falco XN in 2011 for €8,7 million[22][23][24][25]
{{flag|United Nations}}
  • The United Nation Peacekeeping force has started using the Falco UAV in places such as war torn DR Congo since 3 December 2013.[26][27] According to Allen Mcduffee of Wired.com's dangerroom,[28]"the United Nations has turned to spy drones for the first time in its history in an effort to increase pressure in militias in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, marking both a major technological advancement in the organization’s peacekeeping arsenal as well as a shift in how it views the use of unmanned aerial vehicles".[29] The purchase contract of 5 “Falco” drones (price about €50million) was signed at the end of July with Selex ES by the Department of Maintenance Operations for peace of the UN [30]

Operational history

It has been deployed by Pakistan's military, after the purchase of 24 planes, to the Swat Valley, and a partnership is planned between Selex Galileo partner and the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, a state-owned defense manufacturer, to produce the Falco in Pakistan.[31] The Falco does not carry armaments and has no strike capability. The U.S. has refused to sell Pakistan its more advanced UAVs over concerns about "sensitive data".[31] The word Falco means hawk in Italian.

  • The Pakistani unarmed Falco UAVs are believed to have been used during the country’s 2009 security operations in the Swat Valley for locating "all kinds of targets," including "ammunition dumps, bunkers, hide-outs, pickets" and other types of infrastructure used by the insurgency.[32]
  • A locally-built drone crash landed at Base near Chak 96 Sargodha. The aircraft suffered minor damages and no one was injured on the ground.[33][34]

Specifications (Falco)

{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=AirForce-Technology.com{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=September 2016}}
|capacity=
|payload main=70 kg
|payload alt=154 lb
|length main=5.25 m
|length alt=17.2 ft
|span main=7.2 m
|span alt=23.6 ft
|height main=1.8 m
|height alt=5.9 ft
|area main=
|area alt=
|airfoil=
|empty weight main=
|empty weight alt=
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main=420 kg
|max takeoff weight alt=926 lb
|more general=
|engine (jet)=
|type of jet=
|number of jets=
|thrust main=
|thrust alt=
|thrust original=
|afterburning thrust main=
|afterburning thrust alt=
|thrust more=

48kW(65HP)

Fuel

Gasoline engine


|engine (prop)=Petrol
|type of prop=
|number of props=1
|power main=65 hp
|power alt=48 kW
|power original=
|power more=
|propeller or rotor?=propeller
|propellers=
|number of propellers per engine=1
|propeller diameter main=
|propeller diameter alt=
|max speed main=216 km/h
|max speed alt=134 mph
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|cruise speed more
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main=
|range alt=
|ferry range main=
|ferry range alt=
|ferry range more=
|ceiling main=6,500 m
|ceiling alt=21,325 ft
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|hardpoints=2× under-wing
|hardpoint capacity=70 kg
|guns=
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|avionics=
  • Communications: Jamming-resistant data-link, real time data transmission, range >200 km
  • Mission payloads:
    • High resolution cameras: thermal imaging, hyperspectral imaging, colour TV, EO
    • Radars: Synthetic aperture radar, maritime surveillance radar
    • Targeting: Laser designator
    • Others: Electronic support measures equipment, NBC sensors, self-protection equipment (chaff / flare dispensers)

}}

See also

  • List of unmanned aerial vehicles
  • Twin-boom aircraft
  • Unmanned aerial vehicle

External links

{{commons category|SELEX Galileo Falco}}
  • Leonardo Falco UAV product datasheet

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2004/11/02/189533/falco-prepared-for-system-tests.html|title=News Channel - Homepage - flightglobal.com|website=Flightglobal.com}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/news/defence/air/jdw/jdw081125_1_n.shtml|title=Global Air Forces - News and Defence Headlines - Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/03/05/323367/selex-galileo-targets-uk-falco-uav-flights-deal-with.html|title=News Channel - Homepage - flightglobal.com|website=Flightglobal.com}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leonardocompany.com/-/falco-evo|title=Falco EVO - DETTAGLIO - Leonardo - Aerospace, Defence and Security|website=www.leonardocompany.com}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=aerospacedaily&id=news%2Fasd%2F2011%2F03%2F01%2F01.xml&headline=Pakistan%20Air%20Chief%20Outlines%20Procurement%20Plans |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020205131/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=aerospacedaily&id=news%2Fasd%2F2011%2F03%2F01%2F01.xml&headline=Pakistan%20Air%20Chief%20Outlines%20Procurement%20Plans |archivedate=20 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/01/29/211769/first-galileo-avionica-falco-uav-set-for-delivery-launch-customer-remains.html|title=News Channel - Homepage - flightglobal.com|website=Flightglobal.com}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/10/330813/auvsi-selex-galileo-proves-falcos-rail-launch-performance.html|title=News Channel - Homepage - flightglobal.com|website=Flightglobal.com}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Complex at Kamra to manufacture drones|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/880177/complex-at-kamra-to-manufacture-drones|accessdate=10 August 2014|publisher=Dawn|date=21 August 2009}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/09/08/331961/dsei-falco-uav-makes-first-flight-with-picosar-radar.html|title=News Channel - Homepage - flightglobal.com|website=Flightglobal.com}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-falco-evo-uav-makes-flight-debut-374667/|title=PICTURES: Falco Evo UAV makes flight debut|date=24 July 2012|website=flightglobal.com}}
11. ^{{cite web| title=Italian firm to provide surveillance drone for U.N. in Congo | author=Michelle Nichols| publisher=Reuters| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/01/us-congo-democratic-un-drones-idUSBRE97014720130801?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews| date=1 August 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130910/DEFREG01/309100024/Selex-ES-Sells-Falco-UAV-Middle-Eastern-Country |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20150117132146/http://archive.defensenews.com/article/20130910/DEFREG01/309100024/Selex-ES-Sells-Falco-UAV-Middle-Eastern-Country |archivedate=17 January 2015 |df=dmy-all }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leonardocompany.com/-/falco#|title=Falco - DETTAGLIO - Leonardo - Aerospace, Defence and Security|website=www.leonardocompany.com}}
14. ^General Atomics Aeronautical Systems and Selex Galileo
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/farnborough-air-show/2012-07-13/falco-gains-mystery-customer-evo-prepped-flight|title=Falco Gains Mystery Customer as EVO Prepped for Flight|website=ainonline.com}}
16. ^{{cite news|accessdate=2018-03-29|title=SELEX ES - Army Technology|url=https://www.army-technology.com/contractors/surveillance/selex-galileo/|newspaper=Army Technology}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/elbit-orders-gabbiano-radars-for-hermes-uavs-358965/|title=Elbit orders Gabbiano radars for Hermes UAVs|date=29 June 2011|website=flightglobal.com}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2943&Itemid=106|title=Falco UAVs for Libya? - defenceWeb|first=Leon|last=Engelbrecht|website=www.defenceweb.co.za}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/selex-galileo-targets-uk-falco-uav-flights-deal-with-libya-323367/|title=Selex Galileo targets UK Falco UAV flights, deal with Libya|date=5 March 2009|website=flightglobal.com}}
20. ^{{cite news|accessdate=2018-03-29|title=Selex to Develop UAV Technologies for Jordan - Army Technology|url=https://www.army-technology.com/news/news70843-html/|newspaper=Army Technology|date=24 November 2009}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/first-galileo-avionica-falco-uav-set-for-delivery-launch-customer-remains-211769/|title=First Galileo Avionica Falco UAV set for delivery, launch customer remains undisclosed|date=29 January 2007|website=flightglobal.com}}
22. ^{{cite web|last1=Mele|first1=Pierluigi|title=L’export armato italiano ai regimi dell’ex URSS Intervista a Giorgio Beretta|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/L-export-armato-italiano-ai-regimi-dell-ex-URSS-Intervista-a-Giorgio-Beretta-b0a850b2-32fd-457e-b715-9f43da2b047e.html?refresh_ce|website=Rai News|accessdate=12 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094131/http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/L-export-armato-italiano-ai-regimi-dell-ex-URSS-Intervista-a-Giorgio-Beretta-b0a850b2-32fd-457e-b715-9f43da2b047e.html?refresh_ce|archivedate=2 April 2015|language=Italian|date=1 December 2014|deadurl=no}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Italia: ecco le armi esportate da Berlusconi a dittatori e regimi autoritari|url=http://www.unimondo.org/Notizie/Italia-ecco-le-armi-esportate-da-Berlusconi-a-dittatori-e-regimi-autoritari-135097|website=Unimondo|accessdate=12 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516234513/http://www.unimondo.org/Notizie/Italia-ecco-le-armi-esportate-da-Berlusconi-a-dittatori-e-regimi-autoritari-135097|archivedate=16 May 2012|language=Italian|date=14 May 2012|deadurl=no}}
24. ^{{cite web|last1=Jennings|first1=Gareth|title=Turkmenistan showcased M-346, C-27J aircraft|url=http://www.janes.com/article/79888/turkmenistan-showcased-m-346-c-27j-aircraft|website=IHS Jane's 360|accessdate=12 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508185913/http://www.janes.com/article/79888/turkmenistan-showcased-m-346-c-27j-aircraft|archivedate=8 May 2018|location=London|date=8 May 2018|deadurl=no}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Turkmenistan purchases Italian military aircraft|url=https://en.hronikatm.com/2018/05/turkmenistan-purchases-italian-military-aircraft/|website=Chronicles of Turkmenistan|accessdate=12 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512125744/https://en.hronikatm.com/2018/05/turkmenistan-purchases-italian-military-aircraft/|archivedate=12 May 2018|date=11 May 2018|deadurl=no}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=46650&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#.UqVWR_RDvE1|title=UN launches unmanned surveillance aircraft to better protect civilians in vast DR Congo|date=3 December 2013|website=un.org}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6uag2TSdoU|title=UN Mission in DR Congo launches the inaugural flight of unarmed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Goma|first=|last=United Nations|date=3 December 2013|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
28. ^{{cite web|accessdate=2018-03-29|title=Allen McDuffee |url=https://www.wired.com/author/allen-mcduffee/|website=www.wired.com}}
29. ^{{cite news|accessdate=2018-03-29|title=The UN Launches Its Own Spy Drone Program|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/12/un-drones/|newspaper=WIRED}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jpic-jp.org/pt/pl_pub/pl_pub.php?na=130&idm=en |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403101554/http://www.jpic-jp.org/pt/pl_pub/pl_pub.php?na=130&idm=en |archivedate=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}
31. ^1 2 Alex Rodriguez [Pakistan pursues its own drones] 9 October 2009 LA Times
32. ^{{cite news|first1=Alex|last1=Rodriguez|accessdate=2018-03-29|title=Pakistan turns to drones of its own|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/oct/09/world/fg-pakistan-drones9|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=9 October 2009|issn=0458-3035|via=LA Times}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Pakistani drone crashes near Sargodha|url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2014/08/10/pakistani-drone-crashes-near-sargodha/|accessdate=10 August 2014|publisher=thenewstribe|date=10 August 2014}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Pakistan drone aircraft crash lands|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/pakistan-drone-aircraft-crash-lands_953661.html|accessdate=10 August 2014|publisher=Zee News|date=10 August 2014}}

6 : Unmanned aerial vehicles of Italy|Galileo aircraft|Twin-boom aircraft|Single-engined pusher aircraft|Synthetic aperture radar|High-wing aircraft
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