| 词条 | May Robson |
| 释义 |
| name = May Robson | image = May Robson in Broadway to Hollywood trailer.jpg | caption = Robson in Broadway to Hollywood (1933) | birth_name = Mary Jeanette Robson | birth_date = {{birth date|1858|4|19}} | birth_place = Moama, New South Wales, Australia | death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|10|20|1858|4|19}} | death_place = Beverly Hills, California, U.S. | resting_place = Flushing, New York | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1883–1942 | spouse = Charles L. Gore {{nowrap|(1875–c. 1883)}} Augustus H. Brown {{nowrap|(1889–1920; his death)}} | children = Edward Hyde Leveson Gore {{nowrap|(1876–1954)}} 2 others who died during their childhood }} Mary Jeanette Robison (19 April 1858 – 20 October 1942) known professionally as May Robson, was an Australian-born American-based actress, whose career spanned 58 years, starting in 1883 when she was 25 years of age. A major stage actress of the late 19th and early 20th century, Robson is best known today for the dozens of 1930s motion pictures she appeared in when she was well into her 70s, usually playing cross old women with hearts of gold. Robson was the earliest-born person to enjoy a major Hollywood career and receive an Academy Award nomination, which she got for her leading role in Lady for a Day in 1933.[1] She was also the first Australian to be nominated for an Oscar.[2] Early lifeMary Jeanette Robison was born on 19 April 1858 in Moama, New South Wales, Australia,[3]{{efn|The obituary for Robson in the Berkshire Evening Eagle and Billboard Magazine,[4][5] as well as the summary of her life at the Library of Congress, stated that she was born in Melbourne,[3] but the family was living in Moama, New South Wales at the time of her birth.[7][8]}} in what Robson described as "the Australian bush".[4] She was the fourth child of Henry and Julia Robison;[5][11] her siblings were WIlliams, James, and Adelaide.[6] Henry Robison (1810-1860) was born in Penrith, Cumberland, England[13] and lived in Liverpool.[14] He served 24 years in the foreign trade of the British Merchant Navy as a mate and a sea captain.[4][7] Robison retired at half-pay due to his poor health[4] and traveled with Julia Robison to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in 1853 on the SS Great Britain.[8] By April 1855, Henry was a watchmaker, jeweller, silversmith and ornamental hairworker in Melbourne.[9] According to Robson, her parents both suffered from phthisis pulmonalis, and moved to "the bush" for their heath.[4] Henry bought a large brick mansion in Moama, New South Wales in August 1857 and opened the Prince of Wales Hotel. From there, he co-operated Robison and Stivens, coach proprietors for the Bendigo - Moama - Deniliquin service.[10] The hotel was Robson's first home.[6] Henry Robison died in Moama Maiden's Punt on 27 January 1860.[11]{{efn|Nissen states that Robson was seven when her father died,[11] but her father died in 1860[11] and she was born in 1858.[11] Robson says in her biography for Theatre Magazine that she was three months old when her father died.[4]}} On 19 November 1862, Julia married Walter Moore Miller, solicitor and mayor of Albury, New South Wales at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne.[12] Julia, Walter, and the four children moved to Melbourne in 1866.[6] Miller was a partner with De Courcy Ireland in the firm of Miller and Ireland in Melbourne in November 1867, and until 20 January 1870, when it was mutually dissolved.[13] In 1870, the family moved to London.[6]{{efn|Nissen says that the family moved to London when Robson was seven.[11]}} Robson attended Sacred Heart Convent School at Highgate, north London[11][4] and studied languages in Brussels. She went to Paris for her examinations in French.[4] According to her obituary, Robson was also educated in Australia.[5] Marriages and childrenRobson ran away from home to marry her first husband, 18 year-old Charles Leveson Gore, in London.[4][11] They were married on 1 November 1875 at the parish church in Camden Town, London.[14]{{efn|Although Robson said that she was 16 when she married,[4][11] she was 17 years-of-age, based upon her date of birth, when she married Charles Gore.[14] Her husband's name has been said to be Charles Leveson Gore,[15] Charles Livingston Gore,[11] Edward H. Gore,[45][16] and E. H. Gore.[5][17]}} The couple traveled on the steamer SS Vaderland and arrived in New York on 17 May 1877. The Gores purchased 380 acres of land in Fort Worth, Texas where they built a house and established a cattle ranch. According to Jan Jones, "the Gores survived two years in their prairie manor house before homesickness, rural isolation, and repeated bouts of fever convinced them to sell and try their fortunes in the more settled east."[15] They moved to New York City[11] with little money and Robson says that shortly after, Gore died.[11]{{efn| According to Jan Jones, when Gore wanted to return to England, Robson decided that she wanted to stay in New York and the couple divorced. Gore returned to London.[18][4] He died in the early 1880s.[11]}} Robson produced crocheted hoods and embroidery, designed dinner cards, and taught painting to support her three children.[19][4] By the time she began her acting career in 1883, two of Robson's three children had died due to illness.[20]{{efn|Robson says that the children both died of scarlet fever.[4] Axel Nissen states the causes of death as diphtheria and scarlet fever.[21] Who's Who on the stage states that the children's death came about as the result of poverty (i.e., not a specific cause of death, but an influencing factor).[22]}} The surviving child was Edward Hyde Leveson Gore.[23]{{efn|Her son, whose full name was Edward Hyde Leveson Gore, was born on December 2, 1876[24] and died September 23, 1954[25] Her son Edward and daughter-in-law were alive at the time of his mother's death.[64] They had a son, Robson Gore.[26]}} Six years after beginning her stage career, Robson married Augustus Homer Brown, a police surgeon, on 29 May 1889. They remained together until his death on 1 April 1920.[27][28] Robson's son, Edward Gore, was her business manager.[29] CareerOn 17 September 1883, she became an actress in Hoop of Gold at the Brooklyn Grand Opera House stage.[69][30] Her name was incorrectly spelled "Robson" in the billing, which she used from that point forward "for good luck".[31] Over the next several decades, she flourished on the stage as a comedian and character actress. Her success was partly due to her affiliation with powerful manager and producer Charles Frohman and the Theatrical Syndicate. She established her own touring theatrical company by 1911.[15] She appeared as herself in a cameo in the 1915 silent film, How Molly Made Good.[32] Robson starred in the 1916 silent film A Night Out, an adaptation of the play she co-wrote, The Three Lights.[33] In 1927, Robson went to Hollywood where she had a successful film career as a senior aged woman.[34] Among her starring roles was in The She-Wolf (1931) as a miserly millionaire businesswoman based on the real-life miser Hetty Green.[35][36] She also starred in the final segment of the anthology film If I Had a Million (1932) as a rest home resident who gets a new lease on life when she is given a $1,000,000 check by a dying business tycoon.[37] She played the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland (1933), Countess Vronsky in Anna Karenina (1935), Aunt Elizabeth in Bringing Up Baby (1938), Aunt Polly in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), and a sharp-tongued Granny in A Star Is Born (1937). Robson was top-billed as late as 1940, starring in Granny Get Your Gun at age 82. Her last film was 1942's Joan of Paris.[35][38][39] Academy Award nominationIn 1933, Robson was nominated for an Academy Award at age 75 in the Best Actress category for Lady for a Day but lost to Katharine Hepburn;[82][83] both actresses appeared in the Hepburn-Grant classic film, Bringing Up Baby.[40] Robson was the first Australian-born person to be nominated for an acting Oscar, and, for many years, she held the record as the oldest performer nominated for an Oscar.[41][42] DeathMay Robson died in 1942 at her Beverly Hills, California home at age 84.[43] In its obituary of Robson, the Nevada State Journal stated that Robson died of "a combination of ailments, aggravated by neuritis and advanced age."[44]{{efn|She was critically ill for three weeks before her death and in ill health for months before.[26] A biographical sketch of Robson in the Notable American Women, 1607–1950 stated that she died of cancer.[43]}} Her remains were cremated[45] and buried at the Flushing Cemetery in Queens, New York, next to her second husband, Augustus Brown.[27][21] The New York Times obituary for Robson called her the "dowager queen of the American screen and stage".[1] WorksStageThe following is a partial list of her stage performances:[27][46] {{Div col}}
FilmographySilent
Sound{{Div col}}
See also{{Portal|Biography}}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|author=Nissen, Axel|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|page=184|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|year=2007}} 2. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2009/02/20/1234633067981.html | title=O stands for Oscar and also for Oz | author=Phillipa Hawker | date=February 21, 2009 | website=The Age | accessdate=13 November 2016 }} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://rs5.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2013/ms013070.pdf |title=May Robson Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress|website=Library of Congress| accessdate=11 November 2016 }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite journal|last1=Robson|first1=May|title=My Beginnings|journal=The Theatre|date=November 1907|volume=7|issue=81|pages=305–310|url=https://archive.org/details/theatremagazine07newyuoft|accessdate=1 June 2015}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=May Robson, Stage, Screen Star, Is Dead: Character Actress Began Long Career in 1883|work=Berkshire Evening Eagle|location=Pittsfield, Berkshire, Massachusetts|date=October 20, 1942|page=1}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news | url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/a-town-like-moama/news-story/da525f3d5e74360f75b7c3cce4cd385a | title=A Town like Moama | website=The Daily Telegraph | date=15 January 2016 | author=Marea Donnelly, History Writer| accessdate=12 November 2016 }} 7. ^1 {{citation | title=Henry Robison, Master's Certificate of Service, Number 52.653, Liverpool | publisher=Registrar General of Seamen, London | date=21 February 1853 }} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28644897 |title=Advertising |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |volume=XXXIV, |issue=5128 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=27 October 1853 |accessdate=28 October 2016 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article154898394 |title=Advertising |newspaper=The Age |volume=I, |issue=163 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=27 April 1855 |accessdate=28 October 2016 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 10. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87986545 |title=Advertising |newspaper=Bendigo Advertiser |volume=VI, |issue=1145 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=25 January 1859 |accessdate=28 October 2016 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87941411 |title=Family Notices - Henry Robison |newspaper=Bendigo Advertiser |volume=VII, |issue=1463 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=1 February 1860 |accessdate=28 October 2016 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia |quote= On the 27th ult., in his 49th year, at his residence, Prince of Wales Hotel, Maiden's Punt, Murray River, New South Wales, Henry Robison (of the firm of Robison and Stivens), late of Bourke-street, Melbourne, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends, leaving a wife and four children to lament their loss."}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article6481376 |title=Family Notices |newspaper=The Argus (Melbourne) |issue=5,139 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=24 November 1862 |accessdate=28 October 2016 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5811121 |title=Advertising |newspaper=The Argus (Melbourne) |issue=7,377 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=31 January 1870 |accessdate=28 October 2016 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}} 14. ^1 {{cite news | title=Marriages | newspaper=The Times | location=London, England | date=5 November 1875 | issue=28465 | page=1 }} 15. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Jones, Jan|title=Renegades, Showmen & Angels: A Theatrical History of Fort Worth, 1873-2001|publisher=Texas A & M University Press|pages=37–38|isbn=0-87565-318-9}} 16. ^{{cite book|author1=Alison McKay|author2=Bayside Historical Society|title=Bayside|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q04jD4bfvakC&pg=PT132|date=August 4, 2008|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-4396-2027-4|page=132}} 17. ^{{cite news | url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1942/10/21/page/20/article/may-robson-78-film-and-stage-actress-is-dead | title=May Robson, 78, film and stage actress is dead | newspaper=Chicago Tribune | date=21 October 1942 | accessdate=12 November 2016 }} 18. ^{{cite book|author=Jan Jones|title=Renegades, Showmen & Angels: A Theatrical History of Fort Worth from 1873-2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=roHkr0fNxTwC&pg=PA38|year=2006|publisher=TCU Press|isbn=978-0-87565-318-1|page=38}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|author=Nissen, Axel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IbpwDl1nt0MC&pg=PA185|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|page=185|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|year=2007}} 20. ^{{cite journal|title=Two Brilliant Women, They are Both Bright Ornaments of the Stage: Viola Allen and May Robson|work=The Olean Democrat|location=Olean, New York|date=November 29, 1892|page=6}} 21. ^1 {{cite book|author=Axel Nissen|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IbpwDl1nt0MC&pg=PA189|year=2007|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|page=189}} 22. ^{{cite book|author1=Walter Browne|author2=Fredrick Arnold Austin|title=Who's who on the stage; the dramatic reference book and biographic al dictionary of the theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xIoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA191|year=1906|publisher=W. Browne & F. A. Austin|page=191}} 23. ^{{cite book|author=Alison McKay|title=Bayside|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q04jD4bfvakC&pg=PA96|date=July 30, 2008|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-4396-2027-4|page=96}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/2XDG-BGT|title=England and Wales, Birth Registration Index, 1837–1920|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=July 4, 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VP75-3CF|title=California, Death Index, 1940–1997|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=July 4, 2014}} 26. ^1 2 3 {{cite magazine|title=May Robson|magazine=Billboard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT26|date=October 31, 1942|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|page=27|issn=0006-2510}} 27. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, vol 2|author1=Edward T. James |author2=Janet Wilson James |author3=Paul S. Boyer |year=1971|publisher=Radcliffe College|page=185|isbn=0-674-62734-2}} 28. ^{{cite book|title=New York State journal of medicine, Volume 20|author=New York State Medical Association, Medical Society of the State of New York|year=1920|page=170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrhYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA170}} 29. ^{{cite journal|title=May Robson, Stage, Screen Star, Is Dead: Character Actress Began Long Career in 1883|work=Berkshire Evening Eagle|location=Pittsfield, Berkshire, Massachusetts|date=October 20, 1942|page=1}} 30. ^{{cite book|author=George Clinton Densmore Odell|title=Annals of the New York Stage|year=1940|publisher=Columbia University Press|page=364}} 31. ^1 {{cite book|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|author=Nissen, Axel|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=184–185|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|year=2007}} 32. ^{{cite book|author=Grey Smith and James L. Halperin (Editor)|title=Heritage Vintage Movie Posters Signature Auction #603|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BRneNDY2oeIC&pg=PA3|publisher=Heritage Capital Corporation|isbn=978-1-932899-15-3|page=3}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=498973&category=Screenplay%20Info|title=Screenplay Info for A Night Out (1916)|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=June 1, 2008}} 34. ^{{cite book|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|author=Nissen, Axel|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|page=3|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|year=2007}} 35. ^1 {{cite book|title=A Who's Who of Australian and New Zealand Film Actors: The Sound Era|author=Palmer, Scott|year=1988|page=142|isbn=0-8108-2090-0}} 36. ^{{cite journal|journal=The New York Times|title=The She-Wolf (1931)| author=Hall, Mordaunt|date=May 28, 1931|accessdate=August 3, 2012|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9807E4DA153AEE3ABC4051DFB366838A629EDE }} 37. ^{{cite journal|journal=The New York Times|title=If I Had a Million (1932)|author=Hall, Mordaunt|date=December 3, 1932|accessdate=August 3, 2012|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9901E1DE1F31E333A25750C0A9649D946394D6CF }} 38. ^{{cite book|title=American Classic Screen Features|editor=John C. Tibbetts, James M. Welsh|publisher = Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|year=2010|page=253|isbn=978-0-81087678-1}} 39. ^{{cite book|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|author=Nissen, Axel|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=3, 187–8|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|year=2007}} 40. ^{{cite book|author=Leonard Maltin|title=Leonard Maltin's 2010 Movie Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRGnKhowF4gC&pg=PT425|date=August 4, 2009|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-10876-5|page=425}} 41. ^1 {{cite book|title=Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties|author=Nissen, Axel|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=3, 187|isbn=978-0-7864-2746-8|year=2007}} 42. ^1 {{cite book|title=Katharine Hepburn: A Remarkable Woman|author=Edwards, Anne|year=2000|origyear=1985|page=456|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=0-312-20656-9}} 43. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Edward T. James|author2=Janet Wilson James|author3=Paul S. Boyer|title=Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVLOhGt1BX0C&pg=RA2-PA185|date=January 1, 1971|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-62734-5|page=185}} 44. ^{{cite journal|title=Hollywood's Oldest Film Queen Dies; May Robson's Age is Revealed as 78|work=Nevada State Journal|location=Reno, Nevada|date=October 21, 1942}} 45. ^{{cite journal|title=Robson Burial Services Set|work=Reno Evening Gazette|location=Reno, Nevada|date=October 22, 1942|page=5}} 46. ^{{cite book|title=A History of the New York Stage from the First Performance in 1732 to 1901, Volume 3|author=Brown, Thomas Allston|publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company|location=New York|pages=42, 63, 180, 217, 263, 265, 267, 349, 352, 366, 425–6, 427, 429, 431, 439, 523, 533, 536, 538|year=1903}} Further reading
External links{{commons category}}
15 : 1858 births|1942 deaths|19th-century American actresses|20th-century American actresses|Disease-related deaths in California|American film actresses|Australian film actresses|American silent film actresses|Australian silent film actresses|20th-century Australian actresses|American stage actresses|Australian stage actresses|Actresses from Melbourne|Australian expatriate actresses in the United States|Burials at Flushing Cemetery |
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